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Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces
操作系统:三个简单的部分

Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau and Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Remzi H. Arpaci-DusseauAndrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau (威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校)

NEW: Security Chapters by Peter Reiher (UCLA)
新书: Peter Reiher(加州大学洛杉矶分校) 撰写的《安全章节》

Blog: Why Textbooks Should Be Free
博客: 为什么教科书应该免费

Quick: Free Book Chapters - Hardcover - Softcover (Amazon) - Buy PDF - EU (Lulu) - Buy in India - Buy Stuff - Donate - For Teachers - Homework - Projects - News - Acknowledgements - Other Books
快速: 免费书籍章节 - 精装本 - 平装本(亚马逊) 购买 PDF - 欧盟(Lulu) - 在印度购买 - 购买东西 - 捐赠 - 对于教师来说 - 家庭作业 - 项目 - 消息 - 致谢 - 其他书籍

Welcome to Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces (now version 1.10 -- see book news for details), a free online operating systems book! The book is centered around three conceptual pieces that are fundamental to operating systems: virtualization, concurrency, and persistence. In understanding the conceptual, you will also learn the practical, including how an operating system does things like schedule the CPU, manage memory, and store files persistently. Lots of fun stuff! Or maybe not so fun?
欢迎使用操作系统:三个简单的部分 (现在版本 1.10 - 参见 (详情请参阅书籍新闻 ),这是一本免费的在线操作系统书籍!本书围绕操作系统的三个基本概念: 虚拟化、 并发性持久性。 在理解这些概念的过程中,你还将学习 实用,包括操作系统如何执行诸如调度 CPU、内存管理以及文件持久化存储。好多好玩的东西!或者 也许不那么有趣?

This book is and will always be free in PDF form, as seen below. For those of you wishing to BUY a copy, please consider the following:
本书的 PDF 版本将永久免费 ,如下所示。如果您希望购买 ,请考虑以下事项:

  • Lulu Hardcover (v1.10): this may be the best printed form of the book (it really looks pretty good), but it is also the most expensive way to obtain the black book of operating systems (a.k.a. the comet book or the asteroid book according to students). Now just: $39.75
    Lulu 精装版 (v1.10): 这可能是本书最好的印刷版本(看起来确实很不错),但它也是获取操作系统黑皮书 (学生们称之为彗星书小行星书 )最昂贵的方式。现在只需: 39.75 美元
  • Amazon Softcover (v1.10): Same book as softcover above, but printed through Amazon CreateSpace. Now just: $28.27 (but works with Prime shipping)
    亚马逊平装本 (v1.10): 与上述平装本相同,但由 Amazon CreateSpace 印刷。现价: 28.27 美元 (但可使用 Prime 配送服务)
  • Downloadable PDF (v1.10): this is a nice convenience and adds things like a hyperlinked table of contents, index of terms, lists of hints, tips, systems advice, and a few other things not seen in the free version, all in one massive DRM-free PDF. Once purchased, you will always be able to get the latest version. Just: $10.00
    可下载 PDF (v1.10): 这是一个非常便捷的版本,它添加了超链接目录、术语索引、提示列表、技巧、系统建议以及一些免费版本中没有的内容,所有这些都包含在一个庞大的无 DRM 保护 PDF 中。购买后,您将始终能够获得最新版本。只需 10.00 美元
  • Kindle (still v1.00): Really, just the PDF and does not include all the bells and whistles common in e-pub books.
    Kindle(仍为 v1.00): 实际上,只是 PDF,并不包含电子书中常见的所有花哨功能。

Warning: Some resellers on Amazon buy old versions of the books and claim to sell them as “new” on Amazon (click here for an example); buy from them at your own risk. In general, buy either directly from Lulu.com or Amazon.com (not a reseller). For Amazon, go to this page and look for Seller Information to be Amazon.com.
警告: 亚马逊上有些经销商会购买旧版图书,并声称在亚马逊上以“新书”的形式出售(点击此处查看示例);从他们那里购买需自行承担风险。一般来说,请直接从 Lulu.com 或 Amazon.com(而非经销商)购买。如果您是亚马逊用户,请前往此页面 ,并在“卖家信息”中查找“Amazon.com”。

Merch: Can't bear to go out in public without OSTEP? How about an Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces T-shirt or laptop sticker or bathmat or blanket or mug or check out the whole store?
Merch: 没有 OSTEP 就无法忍受公开露面?怎么办? 关于 操作系统:Three Easy Pieces T 恤笔记本电脑贴纸浴室垫毯子杯子 或者查看整个商店?

Donate: By popular demand, another way to support this site and its contents: donate! Click to donate $1 - $10 - $20 - $50 - or click here to donate any amount you want! Your donation helps keep this book going. Think about it: if everyone who came to this website donated just one dollar, we'd have at least three dollars. Thanks!
捐赠: 应广大用户需求,支持本网站及其内容的另一种方式是: 捐赠! 点击捐赠 $1 - 10 美元 20 美元 50 美元 - 或点击此处捐赠任意金额!您的捐款有助于本书的出版。想想看:如果每个访问本网站的人都捐出一美元,我们至少就能筹到三美元。谢谢!

Another way to help the book out: cite it! Here is the BiBTeX entry (seen below); you can also link to the site of the best free operating systems book on the market.
另一个帮助本书推广的方法:引用!这是 BiBTeX 条目(见下文); 你也可以链接到 市场上最好的免费操作系统书籍

Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces
操作系统:三个简单的部分

Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau and Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau
雷姆齐·H·阿尔帕奇-杜索和安德里亚·C·阿尔帕奇-杜索

Arpaci-Dusseau Books   阿帕奇-杜索图书公司
November, 2023 (Version 1.10)
2023 年 11 月(版本 1.10)

And now, the free online form of the book, in chapter-by-chapter form (now with chapter numbers!):
现在,本书以免费在线形式提供,按章节形式提供(现在带有章节编号!):

Intro  简介 Virtualization  虚拟化 Concurrency  并发 Persistence  持久性 Security  安全
Preface  前言 3 Dialogue
3 对话
12 Dialogue
12 对话
25 Dialogue
25 对话
35 Dialogue
35 对话
52 Dialogue
52 对话
TOC 4 Processes
4 个流程
13 Address Spaces code
13 地址空间代码
26 Concurrency and Threads code
26 并发和线程代码
36 I/O Devices
36 个 I/O 设备
53 Intro Security
53 安全简介
1 Dialogue
1 对话
5 Process API code
5 流程 API 代码
14 Memory API
14 内存 API
27 Thread API code
27 线程 API 代码
37 Hard Disk Drives
37 个硬盘
54 Authentication
54 身份验证
2 Introduction code
2 代码介绍
6 Direct Execution
6 直接执行
15 Address Translation
15 地址转换
28 Locks code
28密码
38 Redundant Disk Arrays (RAID)
38 个冗余磁盘阵列(RAID)
55 Access Control
55 访问控制
7 CPU Scheduling
7 CPU 调度
16 Segmentation
16 分割
29 Locked Data Structures
29 锁定数据结构
39 Files and Directories
39 文件和目录
56 Cryptography
56 密码学
8 Multi-level Feedback
8 多层次反馈
17 Free Space Management
17 可用空间管理
30 Condition Variables code
30 个条件变量代码
40 File System Implementation
40 文件系统实现
57 Distributed
57 分布式
9 Lottery Scheduling code
9 彩票排期代码
18 Introduction to Paging
18 分页简介
31 Semaphores code
31 信号量代码
41 Fast File System (FFS)
41 快速文件系统 (FFS)
10 Multi-CPU Scheduling
10 多 CPU 调度
19 Translation Lookaside Buffers
19 个转换后备缓冲区
32 Concurrency Bugs
32 个并发错误
42 FSCK and Journaling
42 FSCK 和日志记录
Appendices  附录
11 Summary
11 总结
20 Advanced Page Tables
20 个高级页表
33 Event-based Concurrency
33 基于事件的并发
43 Log-structured File System (LFS)
43 日志结构文件系统(LFS)
Dialogue  对话
21 Swapping: Mechanisms
21 交换:机制
34 Summary
34 总结
44 Flash-based SSDs
44 个基于闪存的 SSD
Virtual Machines  虚拟机
22 Swapping: Policies
22 交换:政策
45 Data Integrity and Protection
45 数据完整性和保护
Dialogue  对话
23 Complete VM Systems
23 个完整的虚拟机系统
46 Summary
46 总结
Monitors  监视器
24 Summary
24 总结
47 Dialogue
47 对话
Dialogue  对话
48 Distributed Systems
48 分布式系统
Lab Tutorial  实验室教程
49 Network File System (NFS)
49 网络文件系统 (NFS)
Systems Labs  系统实验室
50 Andrew File System (AFS)
50 安德鲁文件系统 (AFS)
xv6 Labs  xv6 实验室
51 Summary
51 总结

INSTRUCTORS: If you are using these free chapters, please just link to them directly (instead of making a copy locally); we make little improvements frequently and thus would like to provide the latest to whomever is using it. Also: we have made our own class-preparation notes available to those of you teaching from this book; please drop us a line at ostep.book@gmail.com if you are interested.
教师: 如果您正在使用这些免费章节, 请直接链接访问 (无需在本地复制);我们经常进行小幅改进,因此希望为所有使用者提供最新的内容。此外:我们已为使用本书授课的各位教师准备了课堂备课笔记;如果您感兴趣,请发送电子邮件至 ostep.book@gmail.com

HOMEWORKS: Some of the chapters have homeworks at the end, which require simulators and other code. More details on that, including how to find said code, can be found here: HOMEWORK
作业: 部分章节末尾有作业,需要模拟器和其他代码。更多详情,包括如何查找相关代码,可在此处找到: 作业

PROJECTS: While the book should provide a good conceptual guide to key aspects of modern operating systems, no education is complete without projects. We are in the process of making the projects we use at the University of Wisconsin-Madison widely available; an initial link to project descriptions is available here: PROJECTS. Coming soon: the automated testing framework that we use to grade projects.
项目: 虽然这本书应该为关键项目提供一个很好的概念指南 现代操作系统的各个方面,没有教育是不完整的 项目。我们正在制作我们在 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校广泛可用;与项目的初始链接 描述可在此处查看: 项目。 即将推出:我们用于项目评级的自动化测试框架。

BOOKS NEWS: Many small things to move to version 1.10. Track changes: NEWS
图书新闻: 许多小细节将迁移至 1.10 版本。追踪更新: 新闻

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: These students have greatly contributed to this effort, through endless bug reports and other comments. Your name could go here! (as well as in the printed book): ERRATA
致谢: 这些学生通过无数的错误报告和其他评论为这项工作做出了巨大贡献。你的名字可以在这里出现!(以及印刷版): 勘误表

OTHER SYSTEMS BOOKS: Interested in other systems books? Good! Of course, we assume some background in The C Programming Language, so that's a good investment. And Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment is a must for any shelf. On top of that, here are some OS books that could be worth your time: Operating Systems: Principles and Practice - Operating System Concepts - Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles (8th Edition) - Modern Operating Systems (4th Edition) - Linux Kernel Development (3rd Edition) - Understanding the Linux Kernel - The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System - Solaris Internals: Solaris 10 and OpenSolaris Kernel Architecture - Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach - The Design of the UNIX Operating System - UNIX: The Textbook - The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and UNIX System Programming Handbook.
其他系统书籍: 对其他系统书籍感兴趣?很好!当然,我们假设读者具备 《C 编程语言》 的一些背景知识,所以这是一项不错的投资。 《UNIX 环境高级编程》 是任何书架上的必读书籍。除此之外,以下是一些值得你花时间阅读的操作系统书籍: 操作系统:原理与实践 - 操作系统概念 - 操作系统:内部原理和设计原则(第 8 版) - 现代操作系统(第 4 版) - Linux 内核开发(第 3 版) - 了解 Linux 内核 - FreeBSD 操作系统的设计和实现 - Solaris 内部:Solaris 10 和 OpenSolaris 内核架构 - Mac OS X 内部原理:系统方法 - UNIX 操作系统的设计 - UNIX:教科书 - Linux 编程接口:Linux 和 UNIX 系统编程手册

OTHER BOOKS: So you're looking down here? Well, how about reading something other than tech books all day long? Honestly, you need to be more balanced. Here are some awesome books you should most definitely read. Fiction: Cloud Atlas: A Novel - Life of Pi - A Prayer for Owen Meany: A Novel - All the Light We Cannot See - The Book Thief - The Fault in Our Stars - Tenth of December: Stories - If I Don't Six - A Game of Thrones - To Kill a Mockingbird - The Kite Runner - Ender's Game - Foundation - Slaughterhouse-Five - The Shadow of the Wind - Flowers for Algernon - Holes - Atonement - The Name of the Wind - Beloved - For Whom the Bell Tolls - Different Seasons - Neuromancer - Snow Crash - Cryptonomicon - Shantaram - A Room with a View - Jude the Obscure - Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah - A Canticle for Leibowitz - A Wizard of Earthsea - Black Swan Green - The Stars My Destination - Ancillary Justice - My Brilliant Friend - Crossing to Safety - Possession - The Selected Works of T.S. Spivet - Essential Ellison - The Demolished Man - The Nightingale - The Overstory - The Windup Girl - The Water Knife Non-fiction: Seabiscuit: An American Legend - Unbroken - Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! - On Intelligence - The Language Instinct - Flow - Guns, Germs, and Steel - The Selfish Gene - A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius - Lies My Teacher Told Me - Freakonomics - How the Irish Saved Civilization - Cod - The Devil in the White City - The Swerve: How the World Became Modern - The Drunkard's Walk - The Visual Display of Quantitative Information - Eats, Shoots & Leaves - The Elements of Style - The Design of Everyday Things - Mountains Beyond Mountains - The Soul of A New Machine - Alan Turing: The Enigma - Consider the Lobster - The Vintage Guide to Classical Music
其他书籍: 所以你正在看这里?好吧,整天读点科技书籍以外的东西怎么样?说实话,你需要更平衡地思考。这里有一些你绝对应该读的很棒的书。小说:《云图》——《少年派的奇幻漂流》——《为欧文·米尼祈祷》——《所有我们看不见的光》——《偷书贼》——《星运里的错》——《十二月十日:故事集》——《如果我不六》——《权力的游戏》——《杀死一只知更鸟》——《追风筝的人》——《安德的游戏》——《基地》——《五号屠场》——《风之影》——《献给阿尔吉侬的花束》——《洞》——《赎罪》——《风之名》——《宠儿》——《丧钟为谁而鸣》——《四季》——《神经漫游者》——《雪崩》——《编码宝典》——《项塔兰》——《看得见风景的房间》——《无名的裘德》——《幻觉:一个不情愿的弥赛亚历险记》——《莱博维茨的赞歌》——《地海巫师》——《黑天鹅绿》——《群星,我的目的地》——《附属的正义》——《我的天才女友》——《渡向安全》——《占有》——《TS 选集》斯皮维特 - 埃里森精选 - 被摧毁的人 - 夜莺 - 树冠上 - 发条女孩 - 水刀 非小说类:奔腾年代:一个美国传奇 - 坚不可摧 - 别开玩笑了,费曼先生! - 论智力 - 语言本能 - 心流 - 枪炮、病菌与钢铁 - 自私的基因 - 天才的惊人之作 - 老师告诉我的谎言 - 魔鬼经济学 - 爱尔兰人如何拯救文明 - 鳕鱼 - 白城魔鬼 - 急转弯:世界如何走向现代化 - 醉汉的步态 - 定量信息的视觉呈现 - 吃、射、走 - 风格的要素 - 日常事物的设计 - 山外有山 - 新机器的灵魂 - 艾伦·图灵:谜 - 想想龙虾 - 古典音乐复古指南

ACKS: The authors wish to acknowledge all the sources of funding for their research over the years. In particular, the authors appreciate the strong support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), which is an essential part of the modern research and educational infrastructure of the USA.
ACKS: 作者谨此感谢多年来所有资助其研究的资金来源。尤其要感谢美国国家科学基金会(NSF)的大力支持, 该基金会是美国现代研究和教育基础设施的重要组成部分。

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