Chapter 1 Architectural Design Description
1. Design Basis
1.1 Documents related to engineering design
The owner's correspondence documents and video conference records regarding this project
The location map of the project, land redline dimensions, etc. provided by the owner
Geological survey and mapping data provided by the owner
1.2 Main regulations and standards
《 TIA-942-B-2017》
Unified Standard for Design of Civil Buildings GB50352-2019
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB50016-2014 ( 2018 Edition )
Code for Fire Protection Design of Building Interior Decoration GB50222-2017
Office Building Design Standard JGJ/T67-2019
Technical Specification for Waterproofing of Underground Projects (GB50108-2008)
"Technical Specifications for Glass Curtain Wall Engineering" (JGJ102-2003)
Technical Specification for Waterproofing Engineering of Building Exterior Walls (JGJT235-2011)
Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks (GB/T11968-2020)
"Barrier-free Design Specification" GB50763-2012
Technical Standard for Smoke Prevention and Exhaust Systems in Buildings GB51251-2017
"Design Specifications for Fire Extinguisher Configuration in Buildings" GB50140-2005
"Catering Building Design Standard" JGJ 64-2017
Technical Specifications for Roofing Engineering GB50345-2012
"Sanitary Standards for Urban Public Toilets" GB/T 17217-1998
"Regulations on the Depth of Preparation of Construction Engineering Design Documents" (2016 Edition)
Current relevant planning and design specifications, provisions and requirements
2. Overall design description
2.1 Project Overview
This project is an amusement infrastructure project of Ethiopia ME Company .
The plot is located in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia and the headquarters of the African Union, known as the "political capital of Africa". Addis Ababa is located between the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate, less than 100 kilometers west of the East African Rift Valley. Addis Ababa has a subtropical plateau climate and is surrounded by mountains. The average altitude is 2,400 meters. It is the third highest capital city in the world. The Great Akaki River and the Little Akaki River run through the city from north to south.
The city is located near the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, at the junction of the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates, connecting East Africa and Central Africa. The Bole International Airport connects it to the global network and is a major transportation hub in East Africa. The city is also host to institutions such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), which consolidates its role as a political, economic and cultural pillar of Africa.
The project is located near the main roads of Addis Ababa, close to educational institutions such as Addis Ababa University, Union University, Youth and Sports College, and commercial facilities such as Tewodolos Bele International Hotel. There are leisure places such as Union Park around it. It has convenient transportation and can be quickly reached through rail transit, Youth Ring Road, Summit-Goro Road and other main roads. There are many densely populated settlements around it. It is also close to Bole International Airport and has multiple location advantages in education, commerce, leisure and transportation.
The project plot is 251.78 meters wide and 578.00 meters long. The planned land area is 145,372.68 square meters. The current situation of the site is high in the north and low in the south, high in the east and low in the west, with a maximum height difference of about 10 meters . There are 2 unfinished buildings, which will be renovated and utilized later. That is, the original hospital will be renovated into a tourist center, and the original apartment building will be renovated into a hotel . It is planned to build a dome theater , 5 public toilets, 2 underground garages, 2 garbage rooms, and related equipment rooms. The total construction area is 56,959.33 square meters.
The main construction contents include architecture, water supply and drainage, electricity, air conditioning and ventilation, intelligence, fire protection, outdoor greening, outdoor roads, parking lots, gates and other projects.
2.2 Technical and economic indicators
2.3 Design Concept
Theme positioning: Africa’s first immersive future + themed adventure park (integrating future + technology + culture, becoming a benchmark destination for global families to explore a happy and sustainable future).
Design strategy: Weaving experience in a theme park way + inputting cultural codes + injecting creative, interesting and interactive exploration content.
Inspiration: Respect for local culture (the beauty of Ethiopia comes from the majesty of the Lion of Judah, the fragrance of coffee, the whiteness of calla lilies emerging from the swamp...)
1) The arc of calla lilies surrounds the ground, winding into the main vein of the park
Let the curve of the calla lily become the breath of the earth, let every run be like a dewdrop sliding across the petals, reborn from the swamp of the roots, and soaring into the clouds of faith.
2) Coffee Neuromancer - Five Senses Space Pod
Visitors transform into ritual guardians and enter the starship cabin:
➊ Visual AR starry sky projection coffee elf
➋ Listen to brainwave AI to generate Geez's poems
➌ Smell three-stage fragrance (fruity/caramel/frankincense) with precise spray release
➍ Touch the palm infrared to activate the bean cracking animation + hot air temperature sensation
➎ Taste the End When you drink Yirgacheffe coffee, the holographic petals will vibrate and dissolve
—— Five sense nerve imprints make the faith of the earth live forever in technology
2.4 Design Principles
1) Reasonable functional layout
Rationally utilize existing buildings, terrain and other spaces to achieve efficient layout.
2 ) Architectural form with rich connotations
Elements such as the future and technology are introduced into the design techniques to shape the future + architectural style.
3 ) Outdoor leisure space design
On the premise of efficient layout, green areas and leisure facilities are interspersed in the site, integrating the square and courtyard spaces to construct a vibrant space and make the architectural space multi -layered and complex.
4 ) Economical technical methods
In combination with the international advanced level, we take locality as the starting point and guide the entire technical design process with economy. We fully consider the future development and must consider the need for future expansion in the design.
2.5 Design strategy
The overall design maintains the independence and organic connection of each function and advocates sustainable development .
Combined with functional zoning and site conditions, the overall layout is divided into three major areas:
1) External area: main entrance square, food court and parking lot;
2) Apartment and villa area: This area includes hotels and villas.
3) Amusement area: including visitor center (Interstellar), power area, go-kart, dome theater, roller coaster, water park, adventure park, Ferris wheel, drop tower, centralized commercial street, non-powered, and super loop.
2.6 Landscape Design
The landscape design uses an organic combination of points, lines, surfaces, movement and stillness, size, to express the interlaced space of the landscape vividly.
Fully consider the relationship between the building and the site, as well as the building height requirements, to create a stretched, natural entity form that organically blends into the surrounding environment.
The interior space consists of two parts :
1) Calla lily is introduced into the design as the main concept, and the overall space is constructed with specific elements such as greening, paving, lamp posts, and seats. The various building units are connected and integrated, making the outdoor environment an organic part of the building.
2) Each building unit participates in the environmental design. We design it into modern landscapes of different natures: there are green courtyards formed by lawns and shrubs, squares paved with large areas of permeable floor tiles , and quiet courtyards composed of landscape sketches and seats . All these landscapes are matched with novel architectural entities, making the amusement park full of scenery.
2.7 Traffic Design
Based on the principles of "safety, efficiency, convenience, flexibility and three-dimensionality", we rationally organize the flow of people and vehicles.
In order to maintain the safety and efficiency of the data operation center, the main entrance is located on the south side, and a secondary exit is set up on the north side to run north and south, forming a circular driveway inside.
2. A gate guard and electric sliding door are set up at the main entrance of the base for workers, visitors and vehicles to enter and exit.
For safety reasons, the building is separated from the surrounding roads by a hollow wall and a monitoring system is installed.
3. The building complex is connected by hard-surface roads to facilitate firefighting and rescue.
3. Architectural Design Description
Table of main features of major construction projects
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| 26819.91 | 7201.65 | 1079.32 | 150 | 100 | 20542.50 | 360 | 81 |
| 8787.78 | 1581.65 | 1079.32 | 150 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 81 |
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3.1 Functional organization
Visitor Center
The underground first floor is for logistics management , including internal parking , equipment warehouse , equipment room , employee rest area , employee office area , unloading area , and room for new equipment .
The first floor shopping center includes a lobby, bank, shops (souvenir shops, dessert shops, gift shops, toy shops, clothing shops, photography shops, snack shops, handicraft shops, outdoor goods shops, character meet-and-greet shops, sports adventure goods shops, customization shops, VR equipment shops, festival theme shops), cafes, pharmacy first aid center, and ticket hall.
The second floor has indoor games, including laser tag, virtual reality games, arcade, gym, fitness flagship store, and yoga.
The three-story beauty plaza includes a beauty salon, cosmetics store, clothing store, SPA, and office area.
hotel
The two underground floors are garages, and the ground floors are hotel rooms.
Dome Theater
360° immersive dome theater, travel the universe and explore the deep sea! Shocking naked-eye 3D + surround sound, experience surreal experiences such as wing suit flying and mythical fantasy. Parent-child science popularization and extreme adventure are all included, creating a "visual spectacle" that must be visited in the amusement park!
3.2 Building structure design
The main structure is a plate-column shear wall structure
The walls below the indoor ground are made of solid concrete bricks and M1O cement mortar; the walls above the indoor ground are made of 200 thick aerated concrete blocks .
External doors and windows are made of aluminum alloy hollow glass windows (5+9A+5).
The exterior facade is decorated with off-white metallic paint, dark grey metallic paint, coarse-grained quartz sand, perforated aluminum panels, etc.
External wall method:
External wall surface 1 (coarse-grained quartz sand facing)
A. Coarse-grained quartz sand finishing layer
B. 6 thick 1:2.5 cement mortar compacted and smoothed
C. 1.5 thick polyurethane waterproof coating
D. 9 thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling
E. Interface agent 1 coat
F. Spray wet wall
Exterior wall 2 (metallic paint finish)
Metallic paint (color details on facade)
Putty twice
C. 6 thick 1:2.5 cement mortar compacted and smoothed
D. 1.5 thick polyurethane waterproof coating
E. 9mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling
F. Interface agent 1 coat
G. Spray wet wall
Roofing method:
Roof (insulation roof)
40 thick C20 fine stone concrete protective layer f 6@150 bidirectional reinforcement,
The width of the partition joint is 20, filled with DSM15 mortar (1:3 cement mortar), and the vertical and horizontal spacing is ≤10m
B. 10mm thick 1:2.5 cement mortar isolation layer
C. 3+ 3 thickness self-adhesive SBS elastomer modified asphalt waterproof membrane (Type I)
D. 20mm thick 1:3 cement mortar leveling layer
E. Thinnest part: 30mm thick LC5.0 lightweight aggregate concrete, slope 2%
F. 60 thick extruded polystyrene foam board ( XPS)
G. Cast-in-place reinforced concrete roof
Table of decoration methods for main indoor parts
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Interior decoration table
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SPA |
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4. Outdoor Project
4.1 Project Overview
The plot is located in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia and the headquarters of the African Union, known as the "political capital of Africa". Addis Ababa is located between the Nubian Plate and the Somali Plate, less than 100 kilometers west of the East African Rift Valley. Addis Ababa has a subtropical plateau climate and is surrounded by mountains. The average altitude is 2,400 meters. It is the third highest capital city in the world. The Great Akaki River and the Little Akaki River run through the city from north to south.
The city is located near the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, at the junction of the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates, connecting East Africa and Central Africa. The Bole International Airport connects it to the global network and is a major transportation hub in East Africa. The city is also host to institutions such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), which consolidates its role as a political, economic and cultural pillar of Africa.
The design content includes roads and hard ground paving, small pieces, green planting, and outdoor sports venues within the park.
4.2 Project Content
4.2.1 Earthwork: The current status of the construction site is basically wasteland, with a small number of buildings and structures , and the ground is now quite undulating.
4.2.2 Road engineering: Use asphalt pavement and reinforced colored concrete .
4.2.3 Hard floor paving project: The hard floor paving adopts stone and strong colored concrete, etc. , which is coordinated with the architectural style to create a simple, modern and rigorous paving style.
4.2.4 Greening and planting: area of about 56,762 m2.
4.2.5 Outdoor parking lot: The area is approximately 6982.5 m2 , with hard permeable paving.
4.2.6 Ancillary facilities: guide signs , finished landscape seats, trash cans , street lights , etc.
4.2.7 Security facilities: fences, gates, etc.
4.3 Design Principles
The guiding ideology of this greening design is to be ecological, simple, generous, beautify the environment, and coordinate with the architectural design style. The greening and architecture are integrated and complement each other. The site is respected and improved, and suitable planting is carried out for different sites. The design features are:
a. People-oriented: Give full play to the benefits of green space, create a healthy and livable park environment, adhere to the "people-oriented" principle, use plant greening design, and create an ecologically balanced park space.
b. Mainly local tree species: with appropriate density and staggered height, they form a layered and structured plant community, and use rich green landscape to effectively improve the ecological benefits.
c . Economical applicability: Consider tree species that are easy to survive, resistant to pruning, and have a high survival rate, and try to use less or no plants that require manual pruning and a large amount of manual maintenance, effectively reducing the cost of greening planting. At the same time, take into account the diversity of species and create a rich landscape community.
d . Safety principle: Avoid using poisonous, thorny, and allergic plants, and choose safe and green plants to create a beautiful and healthy park environment.
4.4 Earthwork
4.4.1 Site Overview
The current status of the construction site is basically wasteland, with a small number of buildings and structures. The north side of the site is relatively flat , and there are many mountains on the south side . The site area is large, and the south is high and the north is low , with a height difference of about 60 meters.
The design of the main venues, roads and water bodies is based on the principle of minimizing earthwork. The main method of excavation is adopted for the assembly square, and the excavated earth and stone are used as much as possible on the site. At the same time, the existing green forest land is basically retained.
It is estimated that the total filling volume of this project is about 142,000 cubic meters, the total excavation volume is about 47,500 cubic meters, and 100,000 cubic meters of soil need to be transported .
4.4.2 Site leveling
1) Site leveling technical specifications
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2) Technical requirements for site leveling
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4.5 Outdoor Engineering Design
If the base is black cotton soil (medium or strong expansive soil), it is recommended to use 150 cm non-expansive soil for replacement according to the commonly used black cotton soil treatment method in Ethiopia.
4.5.1 Standard practices for stone sites
1) Technical specifications
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2) Technical requirements
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3) Reference examples
4.5.2 Standard Practice for Asphalt Pavement
1) Technical specifications
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2) Technical requirements
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3) Reference examples
4.5.3 Standard Practices for Horseshoe Stone Sites
1) Technical specifications
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2) Technical requirements
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3) Reference examples
4.5.4 Standard Practice for Colored Reinforced Permeable Concrete Sites
1) Technical specifications
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2) Technical requirements
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3) Reference examples
4.5.5 Standard Practice for Cast-in-Place Concrete Sites
1) Technical specifications
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2) Technical requirements
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3) Reference examples
5. Planting Design
5.1 Planting design objectives and principles
The planting design goal of this project is to create "Africa's first immersive future + themed adventure park", integrating future + technology + culture, and becoming a benchmark destination for families around the world to explore a happy and sustainable future.
The planting principle is mainly to create a comfortable space through plant configuration, meet the multiple needs of landscape, function and ecology, pay attention to planting levels, balance the consideration of high, medium and low-level plant species, and arrange trees, shrubs and ground covers in a staggered manner; adhere to the principle of suitable trees for suitable places, select native plants and other plant varieties suitable for growth according to local soil, climate and other conditions, highlight the characteristics of local plants, and reflect the natural beauty of Africa; enrich the diversity of plant species, select eco-friendly plants, and avoid plant invasions that damage the local ecosystem; comprehensively consider the sensory experience, function, and later maintenance of plants; the planting method combines the form and function of the site to adopt a combination of regular and natural planting, and shrubs and ground covers are reasonably matched.
5.2 Planting space relationship
The important nodes of this project are mainly the tourist center area, villa area, waterfront pool and flower belt; the tourist center area is mainly divided into the front courtyard square plants , which fully reflects the theme of colorful park . The main varieties are: Acacia, bitter sedge, African juniper, silver wattle, silver birch, water wattle, small fruit coffee tree, etc.; the surrounding area of the waterfront pool mainly echoes the theme of water park , and the main varieties are silk palm, sugar palm, Canary date palm, dragon blood tree, etc.; the flower belt area mainly uses various ground cover flowers to reflect the sense of happiness, and the main varieties are: creeping geranium, geranium, Lantana, dahlia, torch lotus, etc.
5.3 Reference specifications for implant design
The main reference standards for the garden planting design of this project are "Greening Planting Soil CJ/T340-2016", "Garden Greening Project Construction and Acceptance Specifications CJJ/T82-2012", "Plant Materials for Urban Greening and Garden Green Space Woody Seedlings CJ/T 24-1999", and "Plant Materials for Urban Greening and Garden Green Space Bulbs Flower Bulbs CJ/T135-2001".
5.4 Plant material requirements
5.4.1 Basic requirements
The types, varieties and specifications of plant materials should meet the design requirements. All plant materials must be sealed and can only be planted after being confirmed by the construction unit, design unit, construction unit and supervision unit. Select local suitable tree species, including native tree species and tree species that have been successfully introduced and domesticated and widely used. The seedlings used should meet the basic quality requirements such as strong growth, luxuriant branches and leaves, complete crown shape, normal color, developed root system, no diseases and insect pests, no mechanical damage, and no frost damage.
Before the seedlings are shipped, the varieties, specifications, quantity and quality of the seedlings must be carefully checked. The planted seedlings must undergo local plant quarantine. The specific quarantine requirements shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant local regulations of Ethiopia. It is strictly forbidden to use plant materials with diseases and insect pests. The appearance quality requirements, specification allowable deviations and inspection methods of plant materials shall meet the relevant requirements of Table 4.3.3 and Table 4.3.4 in the "Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Garden Greening Projects". The transportation volume of seedlings is determined according to the on-site planting volume. The seedlings should be planted in time after they are transported to the site to ensure that the planting is completed on the same day. When the seedlings are transported to the site, those that cannot be planted on the same day should be transplanted in time. The existing plants on the site shall be retained in situ according to the requirements of the planting design drawings. See the drawings for specific locations.
5.4.2 Woody seedlings
(1) Trees:
①Main quality requirements for tree seedlings: those with main axis should have main trunk and evenly distributed main branches; the seedling specifications are detailed in the seedling table;
② The main quality requirements for broad-leaved tree seedlings are trunk diameter, tree height, seedling age, crown diameter, branch point height and number of transplants; the quality requirements for coniferous tree seedlings are tree height, seedling age, crown diameter and number of transplants; the seedling specifications are detailed in the seedling table;
③The main quality requirements for seedling products of street trees are: broad-leaved trees should have 3-5 main branches, the shapes of trees planted along the road should be as uniform as possible, and the minimum height of branch points is 2.8m; coniferous trees should have a main axis and main shoots.
(2) Palm trees:
The main quality requirements for palm seedling products are based on tree height, trunk diameter and number of transplants. The trunk must be straight, the crown must be uniform, the soil ball must meet the needs and requirements of plant growth, and the root system must be complete.
(3) Shrubs:
The main quality standards for shrub seedlings are seedling age, canopy diameter, number of main branches, canopy height or main strip length. See the seedling table for detailed seedling specifications.
①Main quality requirements for clumping shrubs: full bushes, evenly distributed main and side branches, and the specifications of seedlings are detailed in the seedling table;
②Main quality requirements for creeping shrubs: There should be more than three main branches that meet the requirements of the seedling table;
③Main quality requirements for single-trunk shrubs: main trunk and even branches;
④ The main quality requirements for shrub seedlings used for hedges (planting hedges): full crown, even branching, no bare branches and leaves on the lower parts, and the same stem diameter.
5.5 Soil treatment before planting
5.5.1 Soil composition testing and quality requirements before planting
Before planting or sowing greenery, the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the area should be tested and analyzed, and appropriate measures such as soil improvement, fertilization or replacement of foreign soil should be taken. The effective thickness of the greening planting soil should meet the corresponding requirements of Table 4.1.1 of "Greening Planting Soil CJ/T340-2016". Planting soil should not contain stones, soil blocks, other plants, plant roots, sticks and other objects.
The composition of the planting soil must meet the survival and growth of the designed plants. The physical and chemical properties of the soil should meet the technical requirements of the main control indicators in 4.2 of "Greening Planting Soil CJ/T340-2016" and the soil fertility index requirements:
(1) The soil pH value should be between 5.0 and 8.0 when the water-soil ratio is 2.5:1; and between 5.0 and 8.0 when the soil is saturated with water.
(2) The total salt content of the soil should be 0.15-0.9 mS/cm under a water-soil ratio of 5:1 and 0.3-3.0 mS/cm under water-saturated extraction.
(3) Soil organic matter meets the requirement of 12-18 g/kg.
(4) The soil texture is loam (some plants can use sandy soil).
(5) Soil infiltration rate ≥ 5 mm/h.
(6) Soil fertility requirements: cation exchange capacity ≥10 cmol(+)/kg, organic matter 20-80 g/kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 40-200 mg/kg, available phosphorus 5-60 mg/kg, available potassium 60-300 mg/kg, available sulfur 20-500 mg/kg, available magnesium 50-280 mg/mg, available calcium 4-350 mg/kg, available manganese 0.6-25 mg/kg, available copper 0.3-8 mg/kg, available zinc 1-10 mg/kg, available molybdenum 0.04-2 mg/kg, soluble chlorine>10 mg/L.
After soil analysis, if the planting soil does not meet the standards, the soil should be improved. Only when the planting soil meets the requirements of planting soil composition can the construction site be entered. If it meets the requirements, there should be corresponding test results and composition reports.
5.5.2 Replacement/Improved Soil Backfill Method
Replace the soil in the tree pit in spots according to the specifications of the trees; replace the shrubs and ground cover in whole pieces, 50cm for shrubs and 30cm for ground cover.
5.5.3 Site cleaning before greening
(1) The landscaping and greening of areas with various pipelines and surrounding buildings should be carried out after the construction is completed and accepted;
(2) All the debris, construction waste, perennial weeds, tree roots and their harmful pollutants on site should be cleaned up;
(3) Make measurement records and confirm the cleared abandoned structures, construction waste, and original soil that does not meet the physical and chemical standards for planting soil;
(4) The landscaping of green areas should be carried out strictly in accordance with the vertical design requirements, and the landform should be natural and smooth. Lawns, flower planting areas, and sowing areas should be given sufficient basal fertilizer, and the land should be raked and leveled to remove debris. The flatness and slope should meet the design requirements and planting requirements.
(5) There should be no potholes or stagnant water within the filling area.
(6) Soft mud and impermeable layers should be treated.
(7) The surface preparation of planting soil should be carried out in the following manner:
① There should be no obvious low-lying areas or waterlogging on the surface of the planting soil, and the topsoil layer 30cm deep in the flower border and flower belt planting area must be loose;
② The surface of the planting soil should be clean, and the gravel particles with a diameter greater than 3 cm should not exceed 10%, the particles with a diameter less than 2.5 cm should not exceed 20%, and weeds and other debris should not exceed 10%; the particle size of the soil block should meet the requirements of the particle size of the surface soil block of the planting soil in Table 4.1.6 of the "Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Landscape Engineering";
③ Where the surface of the planting soil meets the road (retaining wall or curbstone), the planting soil should be 5cm lower than the curbstone;
④ The surface of the planting soil should be flat and slightly sloped after land preparation, in line with the design requirements. If there is no design requirement, the slope should be 0.3%-0.5%.
5.6 Requirements for planting holes and planting troughs
5.6.1 Laying out and fixing points
(1) The layout of planting holes and planting troughs should comply with the requirements of the design drawings;
(2) If the location of tall trees is affected by obstacles, the design unit should be contacted in a timely manner and appropriate adjustments should be made after communication.
5.6.2 Planting holes and planting troughs
The size of the planting hole should be determined according to the root system of the seedlings, the diameter of the soil ball and the soil conditions. The planting holes and planting troughs must be dug vertically, with the upper and lower bottoms being equal, and the specifications should comply with the provisions of the "Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Landscape Engineering". The good soil and abandoned soil dug out of the planting holes and planting troughs should be placed and processed separately, and basal fertilizer should be applied to the bottom and topsoil or improved soil should be backfilled. When the bottom of the planting holes and troughs encounters an impermeable layer and a heavy clay layer, loosening or drainage measures should be taken. When the soil is dry, the hole should be soaked before planting. When the soil density is greater than 1.35g/cm³ or the permeability coefficient is less than 10-4cm/s, measures such as expanding the tree hole and loosening the soil should be taken.
5.7 Pruning of seedlings before planting
The pruning of seedlings before transplanting should be based on local natural conditions, and the pruning-free planting technology with anti-transpiration agents as the main body should be promoted, or thinning should be the main method with moderate light pruning to maintain the growth balance of the above-ground and underground parts of the tree.
Before planting, the roots of seedlings should be pruned, split roots, diseased and insect-infested roots, and overlong roots should be cut off, and the crown should be pruned according to the size and quality of the root system to maintain the growth balance of the above-ground and underground parts. For deciduous trees transplanted during the growing season, heavy pruning should be carried out according to different tree species while maintaining the tree shape to ensure survival.
5.8 Planting requirements
5.8.1 Basic requirements
(1) Tree transplanting should be carried out at the most suitable planting period based on the habits of the tree species and local climatic conditions.
(2) The species, specifications and planting location of the seedlings should be checked according to the requirements of the design drawings.
(3) Before planting a tree in a planting hole, check the size and depth of the hole. If it does not meet the root system requirements, trim the hole.
(4) Street trees or trees planted in rows should be in a straight line. The specifications of adjacent plants should be reasonably matched, and the height, trunk diameter and tree shape should be similar. The planted trees should be kept upright and not tilted. Support columns should be added, and attention should be paid to the reasonable orientation of the viewing surface.
The branching points and tree shapes of adjacent trees in the same area should be basically the same
(5) The planting depth of general trees and shrubs should be level with the original planting line. Some fast-growing tree species that are prone to adventitious roots can be planted 5 cm to 10 cm deeper than the original soil mark. When planting evergreen trees, the soil ball should be slightly higher than the ground by 5 cm. The root system of the tree must be stretched out when planting, and the fill soil should be compacted in layers.
(6) Before planting a tree with a soil ball into a hole, the soil at the bottom of the hole must be tamped down and loosened, the soil ball must be placed firmly, and the tree trunk must be upright. The non-perishable packaging must then be removed and taken out.
(7) When planting hedges, the trees should be planted from the center outwards. When planting on a slope, the trees should be planted from top to bottom. When planting large blocks or clusters of different colors, the trees should be planted in sections and blocks.
(8) The spacing between rows and plants in hedges should be uniform. The fuller side of the tree should face outward, and the seedlings should be evenly matched according to their height and crown size.
(9) After planting, trees should be tied up, supported and watered promptly.
(10) The survival rate of transplanted trees should not be less than 95%, and the survival rate of transplanted valuable trees should reach 100%.
(11) When planting trees in the non-planting season, measures should be taken according to different situations in combination with local climatic conditions. Specific measures should comply with the relevant requirements of 4.6.4 of the "Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Landscape Engineering".
(12) Requirements for transplanting large trees, lawns, grass ground covers, flowers, and water-loving plants should comply with the relevant requirements of 4.7-4.10 of the "Specifications for Construction and Acceptance of Landscape Engineering".
5.9 Maintenance and management requirements during the construction period
5.9.1 After the garden is planted and before the project is completed and accepted, it is the plant maintenance period during the construction period, and various plants should be carefully maintained and managed.
5.9.2 A maintenance and management plan should be prepared for greening and planting projects and implemented according to the plan. The maintenance plan should include the following contents:
(1) Watering, bud removal, tiller removal, branch thinning, shaping, topdressing and fertilization should be carried out according to the plant habits and growth conditions; the lawn should be mowed in a timely manner;
(2) Weeding and leveling the tree stand according to site conditions;
(3) Strengthen the prevention and control of garden plant diseases and insect pests. Biological control methods, biological pesticides and high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides should be adopted. Pest and disease observation should be strengthened to control the occurrence of sudden diseases and insect pests. Disease and insect pest control should be timely;
(4) Green spaces should be kept clean and tidy, with proper maintenance and management, and with dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds and garbage cleaned up in a timely manner; flower strips and flower mirrors should be cleared of dead flowers and leaves in a timely manner to ensure that plants grow healthily;
(5) Strengthen support, binding and trunk wrapping measures for trees, and take measures to protect them from strong winds, dry heat, floods, cold weather, etc.;
(6) Garden plants that are growing poorly, dying, damaged, or missing should be replaced or replanted in a timely manner. The plant materials used for replacement and replanting should be consistent with the type and specifications of the original plants.
Chapter 2 Structural Design
1. Project Overview
Detailed architectural design description.
2. Main design basis
<1>Design service life: According to the "Uniform Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures", the design service life of this project is 50 years; the structural importance coefficient γ o is 1.0
< 2 >Wind load: According to the Code for Loads on Building Structures, the basic wind pressure of this project is W 0 =0. 4 0 KN/m 2 with a return period of 50 years , and the ground roughness category is Class B.
< 3 > Earthquake action
The seismic fortification intensity is 6 degrees, and the design basic earthquake acceleration is 0.05 g . The design earthquake group is the first group, the site category is Class II , and the design characteristic period is 0.35 s. The maximum value of the horizontal seismic influence coefficient is 0.04 under multiple earthquakes , and the structural damping ratio is 5%.
< 4 >Main specifications and procedures implemented in the design
General Code for Engineering Structures GB5 5001-2021
General Code for Seismic Resistance of Buildings and Municipal Engineering GB55002-2021
General Code for Steel Structures GB 55006-2021
General Code for Concrete Structures GB 55008-2021
General Code for Building and Municipal Foundations GB 55003-2021
Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures GB50068 - 2018
Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Engineering Structures GB50153-2008
" Classification Standard for Seismic Fortification of Building Engineering" GB50223-2008
《Code for Loads on Building Structures》 GB50009-20 12
Code for Design of Concrete Structures (2015 Edition) GB50010-20 10
Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (2016 Edition) GB50011-20 10
Code for Design of Building Foundations GB 50007 - 2011
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB50016-2014 (2018 Edition)
"Technical Specification for Waterproofing of Underground Engineering" GB50108-2008
"Concrete Structure Durability Design Code" GB / T 50476-2019
Current relevant planning and design specifications, provisions and requirements
< 5 > Drawings and related design information provided by the construction and equipment professionals.
III. Building Classification Level
<1>Safety level: According to the Unified Standard for Reliability Design of Building Structures, the safety level of the superstructures of the buildings in this project is Level 2.
< 2 > Foundation design grade: According to the "Code for Design of Building Foundations", the foundation design grade is Class C
< 3 >According to the "Standard for Classification of Seismic Fortification of Buildings", this project is a standard fortification class (Class C) building.
<4> According to the relevant provisions of the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2010), the seismic grade of this project is determined as follows;
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4. Design load value
< 1 > Standard value of main live load
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Note: 1. The horizontal load on the top of the railing shall not be less than 1.5kN/m, and the vertical load shall not be less than 1.2kN/m.
2. Heavy equipment such as water tanks should be loaded according to actual load
3. If live load is not specified, the value shall be taken according to Code for Loads on Building Structures (GB50009-2012).
< 2 >Wind load: According to the Code for Loads on Building Structures, the basic wind pressure of this project is W 0 =0. 4 0 KN/m 2 with a return period of 50 years , and the ground roughness category is Class B.
< 3 > Earthquake action
The seismic fortification intensity is 6 degrees, and the design basic earthquake acceleration is 0.05 g . The design earthquake group is the first group, the site category is Class II , and the design characteristic period is 0.35 s. The maximum value of the horizontal seismic influence coefficient is 0.04 under multiple earthquakes , and the structural damping ratio is 5%.
5. Superstructure
<1> Technical measures
(1) The first natural vibration period of the structure is controlled to be translational, the torsional effect of the structure is reduced, and the ratio of the torsional period to the first translational period, Tt/T1, is controlled to be less than 0.9; the earthquake calculation takes into account bidirectional earthquake effects and irregularities;
6. Foundation design
According to the actual situation of the superstructure and regional construction experience, the main structure of this project adopts a natural foundation.
This project adopts natural independent foundation , strip foundation and local raft foundation , and the characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity is tentatively set at 200 kN / m2 .
The foundation burial depth is -1.50m , and the foundation should enter the bearing layer at least 200mm. If it does not reach the bearing layer, it is required to continue excavating to the bearing layer; the sand-and-stone cushion layer is used, and the layered paving thickness should be 200mm. The layered rolling and vibration compaction is required, and the compaction coefficient is required to be ≥0.97; the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity of the sand-and-stone cushion layer after treatment is required to be: fak≥ 200kPa . The bearing capacity is determined by on-site load test, and the number of load test sampling points is determined according to the "Technical Specifications for Building Foundation Treatment". Backfill range: The width of the lower opening of the cushion layer is not less than the replacement depth from the outer edge of the building's external wall foundation, and the slope should be 1:1.
VII. Structural calculation and analysis
Calculation software: All the single structures of this project were calculated and analyzed using the (PKPM) series software version 2025 (R1.0 ) compiled by the China Academy of Building Research .
8. Main Materials
< 1 >Fill wall:
Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks are used, with masonry grades of A5.0 B06 and M 5.0 (special mortar).
The wall below the ground in contact with the soil is made of coal gangue solid bricks, and the masonry strength grade is M U 20, M 10. ( premixed cement mortar ) .
< 2 >Concrete strength grade
The concrete strength grade used is C30.
< 3 >Rebar:
The following grades of steel bars are used in this project:
The steel bar strength grade used is HRB400 .
Chapter 3 Water Supply and Drainage Design Description
1. Design basis:
1. Relevant chapters in the current domestic design specifications and regulations
"Design Standard for Building Water Supply and Drainage" GB 50015-2019
"Outdoor Water Supply Design Standard" GB 50013-2018
"Outdoor Drainage Design Standard" GB 50014-2021
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB 50016-2014 (2018 Edition)
Technical Specifications for Fire Water Supply and Fire Hydrant Systems GB 50974-2014
"Design Specifications for Fire Extinguisher Configuration in Buildings" GB 50140-2005
Technical Specifications for Urban Water Supply and Drainage GB 50188-2012
"Civil Building Water-saving Design Standard" GB 50555-2010
General Specification for Building Water Supply, Drainage and Water Conservation GB 55020-2021
Code for Seismic Design of Building Mechanical and Electrical Engineering GB50981-2014
General Code for Seismic Resistance of Buildings and Municipal Engineering GB55002-2021
Other national standards and specifications related to the engineering design technology
2. The owner's requirements on the building's use functions and zoning
II. Project Overview
Detailed architectural design description
3. Design scope:
The design scope of this project is indoor and outdoor water supply and drainage, and fire protection design within the building red line.
4. Outdoor water supply and drainage project
1. Outdoor water supply project design
1. Water source
1) The water source of this project is the municipal water supply network, and the water quality meets the requirements of the national "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water".
2) A DN 150 water supply is introduced from the municipal water supply network on the north and south sides to supply water for living and fire fighting in the local area. The outdoor fire hydrant network is ring-shaped.
2. Calculation of water consumption
1). The hotel’s maximum daily water consumption is 49 m³ and the maximum hourly consumption is 6.5 m³.
The water consumption is shown in the following table :
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| 110 | 床 | 250 | 220 |
| 2.5 | 24 | 24.2 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 27.5 |
| 15 | 人 | 100 | 70 |
| 2.5 | 8 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
| 375 | 人 | 20 | 15 |
| 1.5 | 12 | 5.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 7.5 |
| 132 | 床 | 40 | 40 |
| 1.5 | 8 | 5.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 5.3 |
| 50 | 辆 | 15 | 15 |
| 1 | 6 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 |
| 1000 | m² | 2 | 2 |
| 1 | 4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| 3.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 4.5 | |||||||
| 42.8 | 3.6 | 6.5 | 49.0 | |||||||
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| 36.9 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 42.5 | ||||||
2 ). The maximum daily water consumption of the visitor center is 583 m³, and the maximum hourly water consumption is 72.7 m³.
The water consumption is shown in the following table :
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| 14000 | ㎡ | 7 | 5 |
| 1.5 | 12 | 8.2 | 12.3 | 98.0 | 70.0 |
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| 300 | 人 | 40 | 30 |
| 1.5 | 10 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 12.0 | 9.0 |
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| 1.5 | 12 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 2.0 |
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| 1.5 | 10 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 10.0 | 7.5 |
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| 1.5 | 12 | 20.7 | 31.0 | 248.3 | 198.6 |
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| 1 | 6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 7.6 | 7.6 |
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| 1 | 6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
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| 2.5 | 5.5 | 53.0 | 30.9 | |||||||
| 35.2 | 72.7 | 583.0 | 339.4 | ||||||||
| 28.2 | 59.1 | 469.1 | 269.7 | ||||||||
2). Fire water consumption:
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| 40 | 25 | 3 | 40 | 1 | 45 | 1 | 1008 |
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| 30 | 15 | 2 | 40 | 1 | - | - | 468 |
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| 20 | 10 | 2 | 40 | 1 | - | - | 360 |
| 40 | 25 | 3 | 40 | 1 | 45 | 1 | 1008 | ||
The fire water consumption is 1008m³. The fire water tank is located on the bottom floor of the building.
Outdoor domestic water supply pipes are made of PE pipes and connected by hot melt.
(II) Outdoor fire water supply project design
1. The outdoor fire water source is directly supplied by the municipal pipe network. A DN 150 water supply inlet pipe is connected to the municipal water supply network on the north and south sides to supply domestic and fire water in the local area. The domestic and fire pipes are set separately . The fire pipes behind the fire water meter are arranged in a ring in the base as a fire water supply source .
Outdoor fire hydrants are installed along the roads to supply water for outdoor fire fighting. The distance between outdoor fire hydrants is less than or equal to 120m.
2. Outdoor fire-fighting water consumption is 40 L/s.
3. Outdoor buried fire protection pipes are made of seamless steel pipes. Connections should be made with grooved connectors (clamps), threads, or flanges .
(III) Outdoor sewage engineering design
1. The outdoor drainage system adopts the form of sewage and waste confluence and rain and sewage diversion.
2. Indoor domestic sewage is collected by the outdoor sewage pipe network and treated in a septic tank . The tourist center is discharged to the municipal sewage pipe network on the north side , and the hotel is discharged to the municipal sewage pipe network on the south side . There are 2 outlets in total . The diameter of the discharge pipe is DN 300. The drainage water quality meets the requirements of the third level of the comprehensive sewage discharge standard. The canteen's oily wastewater is discharged from a special pipe and discharged to the outdoor sewage pipe network after being treated in a finished oil-water separator.
3. The maximum daily discharge of the hotel in this project is 42.5 m3/d, and the maximum hourly discharge is 5.4 m3/h. The maximum daily discharge of the visitor center is 469 m3/d, and the maximum hourly discharge is 59 m3/h.
4. The outdoor drainage pipe uses HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe and rubber ring socket connection. The ring stiffness is 8KN/㎡ under the carriageway and 4KN/㎡ for the rest.
5. Concrete inspection wells are used in the drainage inspection wells located in the carriageway area, and plastic inspection wells are used in the rest of the area.
6. When constructing drainage inspection wells, attention should be paid to the coordination of the manhole cover elevation and the road elevation; in green belts, the manhole cover should be 5cm above the ground and a light cast iron manhole cover should be used; on driveways, the manhole cover should be flush with the road and a heavy cast iron manhole cover and manhole seat should be used. Inspection wells should use anti-fall nets with a load-bearing capacity of >=100KG.
(IV) Outdoor rainwater engineering design
1. Rainfall
1 ) Heavy rain recurrence period: 3 years for outdoor sites and 5 years for rooftops .
2 ) Design rainfall duration: t=t1+t2 (min), 15 min for the base and 5 min for the roof.
3 ) Rainwater outlet: There are 2 outlets in total, and the rainwater is discharged into the municipal rainwater wells on the north and south sides of the plot respectively . The diameter of the discharge pipe is DN 500 .
2. The outdoor drainage pipe adopts HDPE double-wall corrugated pipe and rubber ring socket connection. The ring stiffness is 8KN/㎡ under the carriageway and 4KN/㎡ for the rest.
3. Drainage inspection wells located on the roadway are made of concrete inspection wells, and the rest of the parts are made of plastic inspection wells. For specific practices , please refer to the "Technical Specifications for the Application of Plastic Drainage Inspection Wells in Building Communities" CECS227:2007 ; "Concrete Modular Drainage Inspection Wells" 12S522 .
4. When constructing drainage inspection wells, attention should be paid to the coordination of the manhole cover elevation and the road elevation; in green belts, the manhole cover should be 5cm above the ground and a light cast iron manhole cover should be used; on driveways, the manhole cover should be flush with the road and a heavy cast iron manhole cover and manhole seat should be used. Inspection wells should use anti-fall nets with a load-bearing capacity of >=100KG.
5. Indoor water supply and drainage design
1. Domestic water supply system
1. The hotel’s domestic water is directly supplied by the municipal pipeline network.
2. A 100m³ domestic water pool is set up on the ground floor of the visitor center, and is equipped with variable frequency domestic pressurization equipment, three for use and one for backup (parameters: Q=20m³/h , H= 35 m N= 5.5*3 kW) .
3. Pipe material: Steel-plastic composite pipe is used. Pipe diameter <50MM is connected by threaded connection, and pipe diameter ≥50MM is connected by grooved clamp pipe joints and accessories . The working pressure is 1.0MPa. The pipes in the ceiling of the air-conditioned room are insulated to prevent condensation.
( II ) Domestic hot water system
1. The hotel's domestic hot water is heated by air source heat pump + auxiliary heat source . The roof is equipped with three air source heat pumps, each with a heating capacity of 42KW, two return water circulation pumps (one for use and one for backup), an auxiliary heat source volumetric electric water heater, with a heating capacity of 24kw, a diaphragm pressure expansion tank, and a water tank with an effective volume of 30m3. The water tank is set on the second negative floor of the garage.
( III ) Domestic drainage system
1. The indoor drainage of this project adopts a sewage and waste combined drainage system. According to the requirements of the specifications, a circular ventilation pipe and a special ventilation riser are set up, and the bottom floor is discharged separately.
2. The above-ground part of each single room in this project adopts gravity drainage system.
3. Commercial oily wastewater is discharged through a special pipe and then discharged to the outdoor sewage network after being treated in a finished oil-water separator .
4. The drainage floor drains used in this project are all straight-through floor drains.
5. Wastewater risers, branch pipes and household pipes use W-type flexible joints (stainless steel hoops with rubber ring seals) to make drainage cast iron pipes. If they are buried underground, flange socket-type flexible joints are used .
( IV ) Roof rainwater drainage system
1. The hotel roof rainwater adopts gravity flow system design . The tourist center roof rainwater adopts gravity flow system design . The large roof adopts siphon rainwater system design.
2. Design return period P = 5 years. The total drainage capacity of the rainwater drainage pipe and overflow outlet shall not be less than the rainfall with a return period of 50 years.
3. The gravity rainwater system is equipped with an 87-type rainwater bucket. The siphon rainwater bucket is a specially designed one with a protective cover and an air-isolating device. The bucket body is made of all-metal stainless steel. The pipeline is connected to the outdoor rainwater pipe.
4. Gravity rainwater drainage risers are all made of UPVC plastic drainage pipes, with socket and spigot bonding. Siphon rainwater risers are made of special HDPE pipes, with the raw material grade not lower than PE100. External rainwater pipes and condensate pipes should meet the requirements of UV protection.
( V ) Indoor fire water supply system
1. The water consumption of indoor fire hydrants in this project is 25 L /s.
2. This project sets up a temporary high-pressure fire water supply system with centralized regional pressurization . There is a fire pump room, and this system is not divided vertically . The pump room is equipped with a group of indoor fire hydrant pumps (parameters: Q= 25 L/s H= 65 m N= 35 kW) , indoor fire hydrant pressure-stabilizing pumps (parameters: Q=1.0L/s H= 30 m N=1.5KW) , a group of outdoor fire hydrant pumps (parameters: Q= 40 L/s H= 65 m N= 45 kW) and outdoor fire hydrant pressure-stabilizing pumps (parameters: Q=1.0L/s H= 30 m N=1.5KW) , a group of automatic sprinkler pumps (parameters: Q= 40 L/s H= 85 m N= 55 kW) , and a group of window spray booster pumps (parameters: Q= 45 L/s H= 70 m N= 45 kW) , all of which draw water from the fire water tank (effective volume not less than 1008 m³) . A high-level fire water tank with an effective volume of no less than 18 m3 is installed on the roof of the data center . The indoor fire hydrant pressure-stabilizing pump (parameters: Q=1.0L/s H= 30 m N=1.5KW) and indoor sprinkler pressure-stabilizing pump (parameters: Q=1.0L/s H= 30 m N=1.5KW) are installed near the high-level water tank on the roof.
3. The fire hydrant pump is started by the pressure switch installed on the water outlet main pipe of the water pump and the flow switch on the water outlet pipe of the high-level water tank; the closing and opening of the booster and pressure-stabilizing pump is automatically controlled by the system pressure linkage device.
4. The water supply pipes of each indoor fire hydrant are arranged in a ring shape, and the diameter of the indoor fire riser is not less than DN100.
5. The water column of the indoor fire hydrant’s water gun should be no less than 10 m .
6. The spacing between indoor fire hydrants should not be greater than 30m to ensure that the full water columns from two water guns on the same floor can reach any part of the room at the same time.
7. Indoor combined fire hydrant boxes should use stainless steel doors. Fire hydrant boxes are uniformly equipped with DN65 indoor fire hydrants, DN65 rubber-lined hoses with a length of 25m, φ19mm water guns, and fire extinguishers; and fire hose reels are configured in indoor fire hydrant boxes. Floors with water outlet pressure greater than 0.5MPa use pressure-reducing and pressure-stabilizing fire hydrants. The garage area fire hydrants use type A single-bolt indoor fire hydrant boxes with a box size of 800*650*200. The equipment room on the first floor of the visitor center uses a single-bolt fire hydrant box with a fire hose reel, and the box size is 1000*700*200. The commercial area on the first floor of the visitor center and the commercial area above the second floor and the non-garage area of the hotel use a thin single-bolt combined fire cabinet box with a fire extinguisher, and the box size is 1800*700*160.
8. A test fire hydrant with a pressure gauge should be installed on the roof of a building with indoor fire hydrants for testing and inspection purposes.
9. Pipes and interfaces: Indoor fire-fighting water supply pipes are made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipes, DN≤50mm threaded connection, DN＞50mm grooved clamp connection.
( VI ) Gas fire extinguishing configuration:
A cabinet-type heptafluoropropane system is installed in the distribution room and special transformer room .
Building fire extinguisher configuration:
Offices, commercial areas, corridors , halls and other public activity areas are classified as medium-risk Class A. The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 2A , portable MF/ABC 3 , and the maximum protection distance is 20m.
The electrical equipment rooms such as the transformer substation and fire control room are classified as Class A+ E according to the serious danger level . The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 89B , trolley type MFT/ABC20, and the maximum protection distance is 18 m.
The basement garage and diesel engine room are classified as medium-risk A+B . The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 55 B , portable MF/ABC 4 , and the maximum protection distance is 12 m.
The underground charging area is centrally set up in the garage according to the serious danger level A+B+ E. The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 89B , cart-type MFT/ABC20, and the maximum protection distance is 18 m.
The pump room and hotel guest rooms are classified as medium -risk Class A. The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 1A fire extinguishing level , portable MF/ABC 2 , and the maximum protection distance is 25 m.
Gyms, coffee bars, water bars, restaurants, and conference centers are classified as Class A serious dangers . The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 3A fire extinguishing level , portable MF/ABC 5 , and the maximum protection distance is 9 m.
The kitchen is classified as A+B+C according to the serious danger level . The minimum configuration of a single fire extinguisher is 3A , portable MF/ABC 5 , and the maximum protection distance is 9 m.
( VII ) Fire drainage:
1. The fire water pump room is equipped with drainage ditches to drain the ground water to the collection well, which is then lifted by a submersible sewage pump and discharged to the outdoor rainwater pipe network.
6. Save water and energy
1. This project is directly supplied with water by the municipal pipeline network.
2. Take effective measures to avoid water leakage, seepage or condensation in pipes, valves and equipment. Select valves and equipment with good sealing performance, and use pipes and fittings with good corrosion resistance and durability. Take effective measures to avoid leakage of outdoor buried pipes. Set up graded water meters according to the requirements of water balance test.
3. The selection and operation of water supply facilities such as pipes, pipe accessories and equipment should not cause secondary pollution to the water quality. Water supply pipelines with different water quality requirements have obvious pipeline markings.
5. All water-using appliances are water-saving products. The selected sanitary appliances meet the requirements of "Water Efficiency Limit Values and Water Efficiency Levels for Faucets" GB25501-2010, "Water Efficiency Limit Values and Water Efficiency Levels for Toilets" GB25502-2010, "Water Efficiency Limit Values and Water Efficiency Levels for Urinals" GB28377-2012, "Water Efficiency Limit Values and Water Efficiency Levels for Toilet Flush Valves" GB28379-2012, etc., and the water efficiency reaches Level II. Among them, the sitting toilet uses a two-speed 6L flushing water tank, and the squat toilet and urinal use infrared induction flushing valves. All faucets, showers and hardware accessories are equipped with matching flow-limiting water-saving products, and obsolete products shall not be used. Public bathrooms use hot and cold water mixing showers with constant temperature control and temperature display functions.
6. Use highly sensitive water meters and set up water metering devices for different parts of the water according to the purpose of use, payment or management unit.
VII. Environmental protection and sanitation and epidemic prevention
1. The drainage system adopts strict diversion measures: rainwater is discharged into the urban rainwater pipe network, and domestic sewage is discharged into the urban sewage pipe network, and is uniformly treated by the urban sewage treatment plant. Sewage does not pollute the environment.
2. Oily wastewater is treated by special oil separation equipment and discharged into the outdoor sewage network.
Chapter 4 Electrical Design Description
1. Design basis
The engineering design data approved by the relevant departments provided by the construction unit, the construction unit's design task book and design requirements;
Engineering design data provided to this major by relevant majors;
The main regulations and standards implemented in the design are:
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings GB50016-2014 (2018 Edition)
"Civil Building Electrical Design Standard" GB51348-2019
"Design Specifications for Substations 20KV and Below" GB50053-2013
"Design Specifications for Power Supply and Distribution Systems" GB50052-2009
"Low Voltage Power Distribution Design Specification" GB50054-2011
"Building Lightning Protection Design Code " GB50057-2010
Technical Specification for Lightning Protection of Electronic Information Systems in Buildings GB50343-2012
"Architectural Lighting Design Standard" GB50034-2013
"Design Specification for Automatic Fire Alarm Systems" GB 50116 - 2013
Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication Systems GB51309-2018
Code for Seismic Design of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Buildings GB50981-2014
" Power Engineering Cable Design Standard " GB50217-2018
General Specification for Building Electrical and Intelligent Equipment GB 55024-2022
General Specification for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings GB 55015-2021
Code for Fire Protection Design of Building Interior Decoration GB50222-2017
General Code for Fire Protection of Buildings GB55037-2022
2. Project Overview
See the architectural design description for details .
3. Design scope
1) 10kV power distribution system; 380V/220V low voltage power supply and distribution system; lighting and power distribution system; power distribution and control system; lightning protection grounding and safety measures;
2) Automatic fire alarm system and linkage control; electrical fire monitoring system; fire door monitoring system; fire power supply monitoring system;
4. Power supply and distribution design
4.1 Load level:
The fire-fighting equipment, emergency lighting, fire alarm, safety protection power supply, etc. of this project are first-level loads; elevators and public area lighting are second-level loads, and the rest are third-level loads.
4.2 Power supply and voltage level:
This project includes three types of power supplies: a. Mains power; b. Diesel generator power supply; c. UPS power supply.
1) It is planned to bring in 2 circuits of 10kV power from the municipality, and the cables will be laid underground to the 10kV switch station of this project, located in the underground garage ; the 2 10KV power supplies will be used simultaneously and serve as backup for each other. When one power supply fails, the other power supply should not be damaged at the same time. The single power supply capacity is 9500kVA ( 1250kVAx 6 + 1000kVAx 2 ) .
2) The diesel generator set is located on the north side of the distribution room, and an 800kW diesel generator set is installed.
3) UPS adopts N+1 architecture
4.3 Wiring type and operation mode of high and low voltage distribution system
1 ) 10kV power distribution system: Two 10kV mains power supplies work simultaneously, serving as backup for each other and not communicating with each other.
2 ) Use the generator set emergency power distribution system: 400V diesel generator sets provide emergency power to the 400kV bus. The diesel generator is set to manual and automatic operation modes. In the automatic state, when the mains power is detected to be lost, the corresponding diesel generator starts automatically and automatically switches the bus tie switch. When the diesel generator is started and the machine is successfully connected, the mains power supply line switch is disconnected, and the bus is switched to be powered by the emergency power supply. After the mains power is restored, the emergency power supply line switch on the bus is manually disconnected, the mains power supply line switch is closed, and the diesel generator circuit is manually cut off. The diesel generator self-starting signal is provided by the voltage transformer at the mains power supply line.
3. 0.4kV power distribution system: Transformers of the same group and capacity are grouped in pairs, with a bus tie switch. In normal operation, the two transformers work simultaneously and serve as backup for each other, and the bus tie switch is in the disconnected state. When one of the transformers fails or is under maintenance, the low-voltage incoming line switch on the failed or maintenance side is disconnected, and the bus tie switch is closed. The load of the transformer is powered by the other transformer. An electrical interlock is set between the two incoming line switches and the bus tie switch in the same group, and only two switches can be in the closed state at any time.
4. UPS power distribution system: Each power distribution room in the data center is equipped with a 600kVA UPS. Each set of parallel UPS is equipped with an external maintenance bypass to provide power for IT loads.
4.4 10kV substation
1. This project generally sets up a 10KV distribution room and two special substations .
2. The switch station is equipped with a 10kV metal-clad central switch cabinet. The two special substations are equipped with six 1250kVA dry-type transformers and two 1000kVA transformers , with a total installed capacity of 9500kVA .
4.5 Operating power and signals
1) The operating power supply adopts DC operation mode. Each distribution station is equipped with a DC panel 110V/ 100 Ah (fully enclosed lead-acid maintenance-free battery). The battery floating charge power supply is automatically switched from two power supplies on the low-voltage side of the transformer.
2) The operating power battery pack is equipped with a communication interface that can monitor the output voltage, current and working status.
4.6 Power factor compensation method
1) An intelligent maintenance-free complete set of automatic compensation device is installed on the low-voltage side of the transformer, and the power factor after compensation is not less than 0.95.
2) The compensation capacitor group in the reactive compensation cabinet is connected in series with a reactor with appropriate parameters to suppress harmonics.
5. Power distribution system
5.1 Power supply and distribution lines
1) Fire-fighting cables and non-fire-fighting cables are laid in separate bridges, and standby cables are laid in the same slot with partitions.
2) Ordinary power and lighting distribution trunk lines all use WDZB-YJY-1kV halogen-free, low-smoke, flame-retardant (Class B) cross-linked cables, which are laid along cable trays.
3) Ordinary power and lighting distribution branch lines are laid using WDZ C -BYJ-750V halogen-free, low-smoke, flame-retardant (Grade B) plastic insulated copper core wires through steel pipes.
4) Fire-fighting equipment distribution lines use isolated (flexible) mineral insulated cables: NW - RTTYZ , with a fire-resistant temperature of 950°C and a continuous power supply time of 180 minutes.
5) Emergency lighting distribution branch lines use WDZ C NR YJS low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant (Grade B) fire-resistant wires that are laid in hot-dip galvanized metal pipes in the open or concealed manner.
6) The power distribution method from low-voltage power supply lines to important equipment adopts radial power supply.
7) All fire-fighting and important equipment power supplies are equipped with dual power terminal automatic switching equipment, and PC-level ATS switching switches are selected to ensure the reliability of power supply.
8) Fire-fighting equipment and power distribution devices are all equipped with obvious fire-fighting signs. If the fire-fighting power distribution devices are placed outside the dedicated electrical room, fire prevention measures should also be taken.
5.2 Equipment selection and installation method
1) The protection level of low-voltage distribution cabinet is IP30, the protection level of outdoor distribution box and cabinet is IP65, and the protection level of distribution box (cabinet) in pump room is IP55.
2) When the distribution box is installed outside the electrical room, it should be locked. The installation height of the distribution box is as follows: below 600mm, the bottom edge is 1.5m from the ground; 600mm~800mm high, the bottom edge is 1.2m from the ground; 800mm~1000mm high, the bottom edge is 1.0m from the ground; 1000mm~1200mm high, the bottom edge is 0.8m from the ground.
3) The energy efficiency level of all electromechanical facilities such as power transformers, motors, AC contactors, water pumps, elevators and lighting products should be higher than the energy efficiency limit value or the requirements of energy efficiency grade 3.
5) Energy-saving automatic control measures should be adopted for water pumps, fans and electric heating equipment.
6. Lighting system
6.1 Illumination standards and lighting power density indicators for major locations
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| 200 | ≤6 |
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| 300 | ≤8 |
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| 500 | ≤13.5 |
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| 100 | ≤3.5 |
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| 300 | ≤8 |
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| 200 | ≤8 |
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| 50 | ≤2 |
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| 75 | ≤3 |
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| 200 | ≤8 |
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| 300 | ≤8 |
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| 100 | ≤3.5 |
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| 500 | ≤13.5 |
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| 15 | ≤0.7 |
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| 8 | ≤0.45 |
6.2 Selection of light sources, lamps and accessories
1) The shops and offices of this project use LED light panels, the bathrooms use LED waterproof and dustproof ceiling lamps, the stairwells use LED induction lamps, and the equipment rooms use LED straight tube lamps. The fluctuation depth of the light output waveform of the selected LED lighting products should meet the requirements of the current national standard "LED indoor lighting application technical requirements" GB/T31831. Places where people stay for a long time should use non-hazardous lighting products that meet the requirements of the current national standard "Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems" GB/T20145 .
3 ) The efficiency of LED downlights and ceiling lights shall not be less than 75lm/W, the efficiency of LED flat panel lights and straight tube lights shall not be less than 90lm/W, and the color temperature of the light source shall be 4000K.
6.3 Installation and control methods of lighting fixtures
1) Lamps are installed in embedded mode where there is a suspended ceiling, and are installed in pipe-mounted mode where there is no suspended ceiling.
2) The lighting in public places such as corridors and foyers is centrally controlled by intelligent lighting control systems, and induction lights are used in stairwells. Other places adopt zoning and grouping control measures according to the use of the building and the specific natural lighting conditions, and can be controlled in parallel with the side windows.
3) Architectural landscape lighting should be set up with multiple control modes for normal days, general holidays and major holidays;
6.4 Emergency Lighting
The fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system of this project adopts a centralized power supply and centralized control system, which can be manually and automatically controlled in the fire control room.
1) The system consists of an emergency lighting controller (located in the fire control room on the first floor), an emergency lighting centralized power supply device and centralized power supply and centralized control type fire emergency lighting. The system should comply with GB17945-2010 and GB51309-2018.
2) Each device and lamp has an independent address code and control chip, and can communicate with the controller through the bus.
3) The system should be able to communicate with the automatic fire alarm system, automatically obtain fire alarm point information or fire linkage signals, and the system automatically enters emergency status.
4) Install evacuation lighting in enclosed stairwells, evacuation corridors, and crowded places.
5) The minimum horizontal illumination of the ground for evacuation lighting in buildings shall comply with the following provisions: the minimum horizontal illumination of the ground in stairwells, antechambers or shared antechambers shall not be less than 10lx, the minimum horizontal illumination of the ground in evacuation corridors shall not be less than 5.0lx, and the minimum horizontal illumination of the ground in other places shall not be less than 1.0lx.
7) Evacuation emergency lighting installed at 8m or below the ground should be Type A lighting.
8) Fire control rooms, (transformer) distribution rooms, smoke exhaust rooms, positive pressure fan rooms, fire pump rooms and rooms with fire-fighting equipment that need to operate normally in the event of a fire should be equipped with backup lighting, and the minimum illumination of their working surfaces should not be lower than that of normal lighting.
9) Backup lighting shall be installed in the main computer room and auxiliary areas, and the illumination value of the backup lighting shall not be less than 10% of the general lighting illumination value; in manned rooms, the illumination value of the backup lighting shall not be less than 50% of the general lighting illumination value .
10) The duration of evacuation lighting in each building shall not be less than 60 minutes. The duration of standby lighting shall not be less than 180 minutes.
6.5 Others
The barrier-free bathroom has a 500mm high rescue call button on the wall next to the toilet.
7. Lightning protection:
1) The unit of this project is a Class II lightning protection building .
2) The lightning protection level of the electronic information system of the building of this project is Class B, and the final result shall be subject to the lightning risk assessment report.
3) Measures to prevent direct lightning strikes:
Class II lightning protection building: 25x4 hot-dip galvanized flat steel is laid on the roof as a lightning conductor, and the lightning net and lightning strip are laid along the corners, ridges, eaves and eaves that are susceptible to lightning strikes, and form a grid no larger than 10m×10m or 12m×8m on the entire roof. The lightning conductor uses two main bars in the column (diameter not less than φ16mm), and the distance between the conductors is no more than 18 meters.
4) Measures to protect against lightning electromagnetic pulses: For AC power supply lines entering buildings, a Class I surge protector should be installed as the first-level protection at the junction of LPZ0A or LPZ0B and LPZ1 areas such as the main distribution box of the line; a Class II surge protector should be installed as the subsequent protection at the junction of subsequent protection areas such as the distribution box of the distribution line and the distribution box of the electronic equipment room; a Class III surge protector can be installed on the power ports of particularly important electronic information equipment as fine protection.
8. Grounding and safety measures
1) This project adopts TN-S grounding system. A common grounding system is used, and the grounding resistance is not greater than 1 ohm.
2) A total equipotential connection terminal box is installed at the power supply line, and the total equipotential connection terminal box is connected to the building's foundation steel mesh. Equipotential connection terminal boxes are installed locally in the fan room, pump room, weak current room, strong and weak current pipe wells, toilets with shower rooms, laboratories , etc., and connected to the building's steel mesh.
3) The metal casings of all equipment in the data center, various metal pipes, metal cable ducts, metal structures of buildings, etc. must be connected to the same potential and grounded.
9. Automatic fire alarm system :
The automatic fire alarm system of this project adopts a centralized alarm system. A fire control center is set up on the first floor, with a fire resistance level of one and a frame structure directly connected to the outdoors. The main power supply of the automatic fire alarm system is powered by a dual power supply, and a dual power automatic switching box is set up in the control room. The battery provided by the fire alarm control equipment is used as a backup emergency power supply. The main power supply is only provided with short-circuit protection. The output power of the backup emergency power supply is greater than 120% of the full system load of the automatic fire alarm and linkage control system. At the same time, it must be able to ensure that the system can work continuously for more than 3 hours under the conditions of simultaneous working loads.
The total number of fire detectors, manual fire alarm buttons, modules and other equipment connected to any fire alarm controller is less than 3,200 points, of which the total number of equipment connected to each bus loop (including >10% margin) is less than 200 points; the total number of addresses of any fire linkage controller or the total number of modules controlled by the fire alarm controller (linkage type) is less than 1,600 points and the total number of equipment connected to each linkage bus loop (including >10% margin) is less than 100 points, which must be implemented during bidding and subsequent ordering and procurement. The system bus is equipped with a bus short-circuit isolator, and the total number of devices protected by each bus isolator is not more than 32. Short-circuit isolators must be added from wire ducts, wire boxes, etc. where the bus passes through fire partitions. If it is not marked in the plan, it must be installed according to the requirements of this article during construction.
After the fire alarm, the fire control room will automatically control the fire hydrant pump and smoke exhaust fan. It can also be directly controlled manually through the manual controller in the fire control room, and its feedback signal can be received. The low-voltage outgoing circuits of all non-fire equipment in the power distribution room are equipped with shunt releases. After the fire is confirmed, the fire control room will disconnect the non-fire power supply in the adjacent area before the fire hydrant system is activated. In the event of a fire, the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system of the evacuation passage of the entire building will be automatically lit in sequence. The start-up time for the system to be fully put into emergency state should not be more than 5s. The fire linkage controller should be able to send linkage control signals to each related controlled device according to the set control logic, and receive linkage feedback signals from the corresponding equipment. The characteristic parameters of the interface of each controlled device match the linkage control signal issued by the fire linkage controller. For fire equipment that requires linkage control of the fire alarm system, its linkage starting signal should use the "AND" logic group and of the alarm signals of two independent alarm triggering devices.
Fire sound and light alarm: with voice prompt function and voice synchronizer; the automatic fire alarm system should be able to start and stop all fire sound alarms at the same time; fire alarms should be evenly installed in each alarm area, and the sound pressure level should not be less than 60dB; in places where the ambient noise is greater than 60dB, the sound pressure level should be 15dB higher than the background noise. After confirming the fire, all fire sound and light alarms in the building will be activated.
Fire broadcast: The linkage control signal of the fire emergency broadcast system should be issued by the fire linkage controller. When a fire is confirmed, it should be broadcast to the whole building at the same time. The rated power of each speaker should not be less than 3W. When used with ordinary broadcast, it should have the function of forced cut-in fire broadcast. The broadcast speaker should be made of flame-retardant material or have a flame-retardant rear cover structure. The shell protection level of the broadcast speaker should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard <Shell Protection Level (IP Code)> GB4208.
Fire intercom telephone system: A fire intercom telephone switchboard is set up in the fire control room. In addition to the fire intercom telephone jack at the manual alarm button, fire intercom telephone extensions are set up in the power distribution room, fire pump room, etc. The bottom of the dedicated intercom telephone extension is 1.5 m from the ground . The fire telephone network should be an independent fire communication system.
Interlocking control of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system: adopting centralized power supply and centralized control type fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, the fire linkage controller should link the emergency lighting controller to realize the interlocking control of fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system. After confirming the fire, starting from the alarm area where the fire occurred, the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system of the evacuation passage of the whole building shall be started sequentially. The startup time for all systems to be put into emergency state should not be more than 5s.
All access control systems should be released in case of fire.
In case of fire, the security monitoring system will be linked. After the fire is confirmed, the cameras of the security monitoring system on the relevant floors will be turned on to monitor the fire scene.
Fire alarm and fire linkage lines, and fire-dedicated communication lines are all laid in metal protective pipes and then concealed along the walls and floors. The lines are all laid in non-combustible structural layers greater than 30mm. When laid in the open or in the ceiling, the surface of the protective pipe should be coated with fire-retardant paint or fire-proof measures should be taken. All exposed metal pipelines and cable ducts must be fireproofed and two-point grounding should be done. When multi-line linkage control lines and other fire lines are laid in the same cable duct, partitions should be added in the middle. Equipment-related modules are installed near the equipment or in its control box. All pipelines and cable ducts should be fireproofed when crossing fire partitions. The power supply lines and fire linkage control lines of the automatic fire alarm system should use fire-resistant co-core wires and cables, and the transmission lines such as the alarm bus, fire emergency broadcasting and fire-dedicated telephones should use flame-retardant or flame-retardant fire-resistant wires and cables. Cables of different voltage levels should not be inserted into the same protective pipe. When sharing the same cable duct, the cable duct should be separated by partitions. When horizontal laying is adopted through pipes, except for the alarm bus, lines in different fire protection zones should not be laid in the same pipe.
Electrical fire monitoring system: This project sets up a leakage fire alarm system in the fire control room. It detects and monitors the leakage current of the low-voltage cabinet of the substation or the main distribution box on the floor, issues an audible and visual alarm, accurately reports the address of the fault line, monitors the change of the fault point, stores various faults and operation test signals, and sends the detection results to the host through the system bus.
Fire power supply monitoring system: This project sets up a fire power supply monitoring host in the fire control room. The fire equipment power supply monitoring system uses signal sensors to monitor the voltage, current and working status of the power supply of various fire equipment (such as fire fans, fire elevators, fire curtains and other fire equipment) scattered in the building in real time. When overvoltage, undervoltage, phase loss, overcurrent and other conditions occur, it will be recorded and alarmed in time to prompt maintenance personnel to repair and eliminate faults in time to ensure that the fire equipment can be put into use in time in the event of a fire.
9. Electrical seismic design
The seismic fortification intensity of this project is 7 degrees. Electrical piping with an inner diameter of not less than 60mm and cable ladders and cable troughs with a gravity of not less than 150N/m should be seismically fortified. The specific methods are as follows:
Distribution conductors should comply with the following requirements: Cables laid in cable trays and cable trough boxes should have a margin in length at the entry, exit and turning points; measures should be taken to prevent grounding wires from being cut off during earthquakes.
The laying of electrical pipelines introduced into buildings should comply with the following regulations: flexible wire pipes should be used at the inlet or other earthquake-resistant measures should be taken; when the household entrance well is set close to the building, a margin of cables should be left in the well; the gap between the household entrance casing and the introduction pipe should be sealed with flexible anti-corrosion and waterproof materials.
Electrical pipelines should not pass through seismic joints. When they must pass through, they should comply with the following regulations: when metal conduits or rigid plastic conduits are used for laying, they should pass close to the bottom of the building, and a flexible pipe joint should be installed on both sides of the seismic joint; cable ladders, cable trough boxes, and bus ducts should be equipped with expansion joints on both sides of the seismic joints; seismic support nodes should be set at both ends of the seismic joints and reliably connected to the structure.
The following provisions shall be met when laying electrical pipelines: When the lines are laid using metal conduits, rigid plastic conduits, cable ladders or cable troughs, they shall be fixed with rigid brackets or supports, and hangers shall not be used. When hangers must be used, horizontal anti-sway hangers shall be installed; when metal conduits, rigid plastic conduits, cable ladders or cable troughs pass through fire partitions, their gaps shall be sealed with flexible fireproof sealing materials, and anti-seismic supports shall be installed near the penetration parts; expansion joints shall be installed every 30m on the straight sections of metal conduits and rigid plastic conduits.
The connection between the distribution device and the electrical equipment should comply with the following regulations: soft conductors should be used; when laying through metal conduits or rigid plastic conduits, the entrance should be converted to a flexible wire tube for transition; when laying through cable ladders or cable troughs, the entrance should be converted to a flexible wire tube for transition.
The installation of distribution boxes (cabinets) and communication equipment shall comply with the following provisions: The installation screws or welding strength of distribution boxes (cabinets) and communication equipment shall meet the seismic requirements; the bottom of distribution cabinets and communication equipment cabinets installed against the wall shall be firmly installed. When the bottom mounting bolts or welding strength is not enough, the top should be connected to the wall; when distribution cabinets, communication equipment cabinets, etc. are not installed on the ground against the wall, the roots should be fixed with metal expansion bolts or welding. When the degree is 8 or 9, several cabinets can be connected as a whole above the center of gravity: metal expansion bolts should be used to connect the wall-mounted distribution box to the wall; the components in the distribution box (cabinet) and communication equipment cabinet should consider the interaction with the supporting structure, and soft connections should be used between components, and the wiring should be treated with seismic protection; the instruments on the surface of the distribution box (cabinet) should be firmly assembled with the cabinet.
The installation design of the transformer should comply with the following regulations: it should be welded firmly after installation, and the internal coil should be firmly fixed on the supporting structure inside the transformer casing; the supporting surface of the transformer should be appropriately widened, and limiters should be set to prevent it from moving and tipping over; space should be left for the flexible conductors connected in and out to move.
Fire-fighting and security equipment installed on horizontal operating surfaces should take measures to prevent sliding.
Shared antennas installed on the roof of a building should take safety protection measures to prevent the equipment or its components from falling and injuring people due to damage caused by earthquakes.
When installing lamps on the ceiling, the relative displacement between the ceiling and the floor during an earthquake should be taken into consideration.
Chapter 5 HVAC Design Description
1. Design basis
"Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Civil Buildings" ( GB50736-2012);
Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings ( GB50016-2014) (2018 edition);
Technical Standard for Smoke Control and Exhaust Systems in Buildings ( GB51251-2017);
Energy-saving Design Standard for Public Buildings ( GB50189-2015);
Code for Seismic Design of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of Buildings (GB50981-2014);
Unified Standard for Design of Civil Buildings (GB50352-2019);
"Limited Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Room Air Conditioners" ( GB21455-2019);
"Energy efficiency limit values and energy efficiency grades for ventilators" GB19761-2020;
"Construction Specification for Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering" ( GB50738-2011);
General Code for Seismic Resistance of Buildings and Municipal Engineering GB55002-2021
General Technical Requirements for Seismic Support and Hanger Brackets for Mechanical and Electrical Equipment in Buildings CJ/T476-2015
General Specification for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings GB55015-2021
General Specification for Fire-Fighting Facilities GB55036-2022
General Code for Fire Protection of Buildings GB55037-2022
General Code for Civil Buildings GB55031-2022
General Code for Building Environment GB55016-2021
"Technical Specifications for Multi-split Air Conditioning System Engineering" (JGJ 174-2010)
Energy efficiency limit values and energy efficiency grades for multi-split air conditioners (heat pumps) GB21454-2021
"Technical Specifications for Environmental Protection in the Catering Industry" HJ554-2010
Emission Standards of Air Pollutants for Catering Industry DB50/859-2018
"Code for Fire Protection Design of Garages, Repair Garages and Parking Lots" GB50067-2014;
Garage Building Design Code ( JGJ100-2015);
"Hotel Building Design Code" ( JGJ62-2014);
The owner's design brief, delivery standards, policies and opinions of the relevant departments on the project, building plans and sections, and other professional design materials, and other relevant design specifications, regulations and measures.
II. Project Overview and Design Scope
The project overview is detailed in the architecture section.
In this project, the design scope of HVAC is:
Comfort air conditioning system design;
Mechanical ventilation systems;
Smoke exhaust system;
3. Design parameters
1. Indoor calculation parameters
Air conditioning system
1.1 Comfort Air Conditioning
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(℃) | (%) | (℃) | (%) | (p/m2) |
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| 25 | 60 | 20 | >30% | 0.15 | 30 | 9 | 15 | 45 |
| 25 | 60 | 20 | >30% | 0.5 | 20 | 9 | 30 | 45 |
| 26 | 60 | 18 | - | 0.1 | 10 | 9 | 0 | 55 |
| 26 | 60 | 20 | >30 |
| 30 | 9 | 10 | 30 |
Note: The above indoor temperature and humidity are design values. The temperature is allowed to fluctuate within ±1°C, and the relative humidity is allowed to fluctuate within ±10%. Note: The fresh air volume in the transition season of the inner room is determined according to the heat balance calculation.
Mechanical ventilation
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Smoke prevention and exhaust
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4. Design content
1. Air conditioning system design
1. Air conditioning cold and heat sources and system division
1) The visitor center and the hotel both use multi-split air conditioning systems. The outdoor unit is installed on the roof, the indoor unit uses a free static pressure duct unit (with a condensate lifting pump), and the fresh air uses a fresh air treatment unit, which is installed in the fresh air machine room. The indoor and outdoor units of the air conditioner are connected by copper pipes, and one outdoor unit is connected to multiple indoor units.
When the multi-split air-conditioning (heat pump) unit is used for air conditioning and (or) heating, its energy efficiency ratio under nominal operating conditions and specified conditions shall meet the requirements of the "General Specification for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings" GB55015-2021.
The annual performance coefficient (APF) of multi-split air-conditioning (heat pump) units shall not be lower than the following table: (General Specification for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings GB55015-2021-Table 3.2.12-2).
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CC≤14 | 4.40 |
14＜CC≤28 | 4.30 |
28＜CC≤50 | 4.20 |
50＜CC≤68 | 4.00 |
CC＞68 | 3.80 |
For multi-split air-conditioning (heat pump) units, the comprehensive refrigeration performance coefficient IPLV (C) under nominal refrigeration conditions and specified conditions shall not be less than the following table:
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CC≤28 | 4.00 |
28＜CC≤84 | 3.95 |
CC＞68 | 3.80 |
2) The electrical equipment room in the garage uses split air conditioners, and the installation position of the split air conditioner outdoor unit and the air conditioning power load are reserved. The condensed water is collected and discharged centrally by the riser, and the wall holes for the indoor and outdoor unit connection pipes are reserved. Party A shall purchase and install split room air conditioners with nominal cooling conditions and energy efficiency indicators under specified conditions not lower than the following table as needed:
The energy efficiency ratio ( EER ) shall not be less than the value in the following table.
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CC≤4500 | 3.6 |
4500<CC≤7100 | 3.5 |
7100<CC≤14000 | 3.4 |
The APF energy efficiency grade and cooling season energy efficiency ratio shall not be less than the values in the following table.
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CC≤4500 | 4.50 | 5.40 |
4500<CC≤7100 | 4.00 | 5.10 |
7100<CC≤14000 | 3.70 | 4.70 |
3) The supermarket area uses split-type direct expansion machines for cooling/heating. The equipment is installed on the roof, and the indoor unit of the direct expansion machine is installed in the air-conditioning room. The indoor and outdoor units of the air-conditioning are connected by copper pipes. The air-conditioning airflow is organized to be sent up and returned down. The fresh air passes through the fresh air section, coarse-effect filtration, medium-effect filtration section, and is mixed with the return air in the bypass section. It is processed by the fan section and sent into the room by the air-conditioning supply air duct. The return air is filtered through coarse-effect filtration. In the transition season, the fresh air volume can be increased to a new fresh air volume according to the indoor and outdoor enthalpy difference. In the transition season, the exhaust air is infiltrated and exhausted through the external window.
Under nominal operating conditions and specified conditions, the annual performance coefficient (APF) of unitary air conditioners shall not be less than the following table:
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CC≤7.1 | 3.4 |
7.1＜CC≤14.0 | 3.2 |
14＜CC≤28 | 3.0 |
CC＞28 | 2.8 |
2. Air conditioning system design
1) Division and setting of wind system
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2) Design description of fresh air system
The fresh air handling unit is installed in the fresh air room. The fresh air is equipped with primary and medium efficiency filters and PM2.5 purification devices.
3. Selection of pipeline materials and insulation materials
1) Unless otherwise specified, ventilation and smoke exhaust engineering ducts are made of galvanized steel plates . The ducts of the smoke exhaust system must meet the fire resistance requirements. The relevant performance of the ducts (including strength, tightness, air leakage, seismic resistance, and fire resistance, etc.) must meet the requirements of relevant specifications, and the relevant performance parameters must obtain a qualified type test report issued by an authoritative organization .
2) The air supply and return ducts and fresh air ducts of the air conditioner adopt double-sided color steel phenolic composite ducts, whose insulation layer is phenolic foam, with combustion performance of Class A non-combustible, and thickness of not less than 30mm (minimum thermal resistance 0.81m2•K/W, λ≤0.030w/m℃, bulk density r ≥60kg/m3). The production and installation of double-sided color steel phenolic composite ducts are detailed in the national standard drawing collection 17CK119. The relevant performance parameters must obtain a qualified type test report issued by an authoritative organization. The outdoor composite duct is surrounded by 0.5mm thick aluminum plate, the interface is waterproofed, and the aluminum alloy external plug-in broken bridge flange is connected.
3) The refrigerant pipes and their accessories and insulation materials of air conditioners are provided by the manufacturer and meet the requirements of relevant specifications and enterprise standards. The insulation materials of refrigerant pipes must reach flame retardant grade B1 or above.
4 ) For refrigerant pipes installed outdoors, an aluminum alloy plate protective layer with a thickness of 0.5 mm is provided outside the insulation material.
(ii) Ventilation system
1. The underground garage shall be equipped with a smoke exhaust/exhaust system according to the smoke-proof partition. The building area of each smoke-proof partition shall be ≤2000m2, and the smoke-proof partition shall not cross the fire-proof partition. The smoke-proof partition shall be divided by smoke-proof vertical walls, partition walls, and beams protruding from the ceiling. The exhaust system and the smoke exhaust system shall share one system, and the exhaust volume shall be determined by the ventilation frequency of 5 times/h and the floor height of 3m. Natural air supply shall be carried out by using the direct external car ramp and natural air supply well. The mechanical air supply volume of the smoke-proof partition without natural air supply conditions shall be 80% to 90% of the exhaust volume, and the air supply volume shall not be less than 50% of the smoke exhaust volume.
2. Fire water pump room and domestic water pump room shall be equipped with mechanical exhaust system and natural air intake.
3. Rooms such as distribution rooms and switchgears equipped with gas fire extinguishing devices shall be equipped with ventilation systems for both normal and post-accident use. Electric fire dampers shall be installed through the ventilation pipes on the partition walls of the room, which will automatically close when the fire is extinguished to maintain the closed fire extinguishing state of such rooms. After the fire is extinguished, the exhaust fan of the valve shall be opened electrically or manually to remove the indoor exhaust gas. Manual control devices shall be installed in places convenient for operation indoors and outdoors. Anti-static measures and grounding devices for removing static electricity shall be installed on the exhaust fan after the accident. Natural air supply is provided through the electric fireproof air vents on the wall. It shall be electrically closed in case of fire, and the valve shall be opened electrically or manually to supply air after the fire is extinguished. The mechanical ventilation volume of the distribution room shall be calculated based on the heat dissipation of the equipment in the room, and the indoor temperature shall be kept no higher than 40℃ .
4. The bathroom is equipped with a mechanical exhaust system, and the ventilation frequency of the bathroom is n=10 times/h.
5. Mechanical exhaust systems are installed in the diesel generator room and oil storage room for natural air supply. The oil tank and oil supply system of the oil storage room in the generator room are completed by the generator supplier. A DN50 seamless steel pipe is installed on the sealed oil tank , which is directly connected to the outside, and a breathing valve with a flame arrester is installed on the pipe. Facilities to prevent the spread of oil products are installed at the bottom of the oil tank. The silencer measures for the air inlet and exhaust shafts, the insulation of the exhaust pipe of the diesel generator, and the setting of the breathing valve are further designed by the corresponding professional suppliers. The fan in the oil storage room is an explosion-proof fan, and a grounding device is installed to remove static electricity. The diesel generator is equipped with an exhaust fan for mechanical exhaust when it is running. The exhaust pipe of the diesel engine, the ventilation pipe of the diesel engine room, and the electrical lines unrelated to the oil storage room do not pass through the oil storage room. The fuel or gas pipeline is equipped with a shut-off valve with automatic and manual closing functions in the equipment room and before entering the building . The diesel generator smoke pipe adopts a finished stainless steel sandwich chimney with built-in insulation material provided by a professional manufacturer, and is equipped with functional components such as condensation removal, effective compensation for thermal expansion, lightning protection grounding, accidental explosion relief, rain and wind hood, etc. The outer wall temperature of the finished chimney after insulation does not exceed 60°C.
5. All fans must be installed on a spring vibration reduction base, and the vibration reduction base must be calculated, designed and selected by a professional manufacturer based on the actual project conditions and the fan's own characteristics.
6. Ventilation system operation control
1) Underground garage ventilation system: a CO concentration sensor is installed for every 400 square meters of underground garage. The CO concentration sensor is linked with the exhaust fan for control. When the CO concentration exceeds the set value, the exhaust fan is linked to start exhaust.
2 ) The ventilation systems of transformer rooms, pump rooms, and elevator power rooms are in long-term operation and manually controlled.
3 ) Public toilet ventilation system, operated on demand and manually controlled.
4 ) Each room has a transitional seasonal ventilation system that operates on demand and is manually controlled.
5 ) The fire-fighting fan is started and stopped by the fire control center through centralized control and linkage control, and can be started locally.
( III) Fire protection design
1. Smoke prevention system
Natural ventilation is adopted for ground evacuation stairwells with natural ventilation conditions. An openable external window of no less than 1 square meter is set at the top of the stairwell. The area of openable external windows within 5 floors is no less than 2 square meters, and the arrangement interval is no more than 3 floors.
2. Smoke exhaust system
1) The rooms near the outer wall adopt natural smoke exhaust through openable windows, while the windowless rooms in the inner area adopt mechanical smoke exhaust.
2) Mechanical smoke exhaust is installed in all inner corridors.
The design air volume of the smoke prevention system and smoke exhaust system of this project shall not be less than 1.2 times the calculated air volume.
The mechanical smoke exhaust system and positive pressure air supply system are both made of galvanized steel plates, and the wind speed in the pipes is less than 20m/s.
The horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust outlet (including natural smoke exhaust window) in the smoke exhaust system and the farthest point of the smoke proof partition shall not exceed 30 meters, the horizontal distance between the smoke exhaust outlet and the adjacent edge of the nearby safety exit shall be greater than 1.5m, and the wind speed at the air outlet shall not exceed 10m/s.
Natural smoke exhaust windows meet the following requirements: In areas where the indoor clear height is greater than 3m, natural smoke exhaust windows are set in the smoke storage bin, but in corridors and areas where the indoor clear height is not greater than 3m, natural smoke exhaust windows are set at more than 1/2 of the indoor clear height.
The smoke-proof partition meets the following requirements: the width of the aisle shall not exceed 2.5m, and the length of the long side of the smoke-proof partition shall not exceed 60m; for spaces with a net height of H≤3.0m, the maximum allowable area of the smoke-proof partition shall not exceed 500m2, and the maximum allowable length of the long side shall not exceed 24m; for spaces with a net height of 3.0m<H≤6.0m, the maximum allowable area of the smoke-proof partition shall not exceed 1000m2, and the maximum allowable length of the long side shall not exceed 36m;
3 ) Fire protection system control measures
In the ventilation and air conditioning systems, fire control valves (normally open, closed at fire or 70°C) are installed at the places where the air ducts pass through firewalls, fire partitions, both sides of the expansion joints, the walls and floors of ventilation and air conditioning rooms and important rooms with high fire risks, and the joints between horizontal and vertical air ducts. Fire dampers for smoke exhaust (normally open, open at fire, closed at 280°C) are installed at the main inlet pipe of the smoke exhaust fan when the air ducts of the fire-fighting mechanical smoke exhaust system pass through firewalls, fire partitions, both sides of the expansion joints, the walls and floors of ventilation and air conditioning rooms and important rooms with high fire risks, and the joints between horizontal and vertical air ducts. These fire-fighting valves can be reset manually or automatically, and are interlocked with the fire alarm system of the electrical profession.
The mechanical smoke exhaust system is linked to the automatic fire alarm system, and the smoke exhaust fan, smoke exhaust air supply fan, pressurized air supply fan, and smoke exhaust port (valve) are powered by the fire power supply.
The control mode of smoke exhaust fan and smoke exhaust air supply fan shall meet the following requirements:
Manual start on site; b. Automatic start of the fire alarm system; c. Manual start in the fire control room; d. When any exhaust valve or exhaust port in the system is opened, the exhaust fan and exhaust air supply fan will start automatically; the exhaust fire damper will close automatically at 280℃, and the exhaust fan and exhaust air supply fan will be shut down in a chain manner.
The normally closed exhaust valves and exhaust ports in the mechanical exhaust system have the functions of automatic opening by the fire alarm system, manual opening by the fire control room and manual opening on site, and their opening signals are linked with the exhaust fans. When the fire is confirmed, the fire alarm system will link and open all the exhaust valves, exhaust ports, exhaust fans and air supply facilities in the corresponding exhaust partition within 15 seconds, and automatically close the ventilation and air conditioning systems not related to the exhaust within 30 seconds.
When a fire is confirmed, for a smoke exhaust system serving two or more smoke-proof zones, only the smoke exhaust valve or smoke exhaust port of the smoke-proof zone on fire should be opened, and the smoke exhaust valve or smoke exhaust port of other smoke-proof zones should be closed.
The movable smoke barrier is made of non-combustible materials and has the functions of automatic start-up by the fire alarm system and manual start-up on site. When a fire is confirmed, the automatic fire alarm system will link all the movable smoke barriers in the corresponding smoke-proof partition within 15 seconds, and the smoke barriers will open to the designed height within 60 seconds.
The automatic smoke exhaust window adopts the control mode of linkage with the automatic fire alarm system and the temperature release device. When the automatic fire alarm system is automatically started, the automatic smoke exhaust window will be opened within 60 seconds or less than the time when the smoke fills the smoke storage bin. The automatic smoke exhaust window with temperature control function has a temperature control release temperature greater than the ambient temperature by 30℃ and less than 100℃.
The fire control equipment displays the opening and closing status of the smoke exhaust fan, air supply fan, valves and other facilities of the smoke exhaust system.
The smoke exhaust outlet (valve) is opened and controlled according to the smoke control partition (or layer) it is responsible for. The smoke exhaust outlet (valve) can be opened remotely and manually on-site by the fire protection center (manually openable smoke exhaust outlet, valve). The manual control device of the manually openable smoke exhaust outlet (valve) is installed on the adjacent wall. The length of the manual control cable shall not exceed 6m, the number of 90-degree bends shall not exceed 3, the bending radius shall not be less than 300mm, and the embedded pipe shall have no dead bends or depressions. The smoke exhaust fan can be started and stopped manually/automatically by the fire protection center, and can be started by the smoke exhaust outlet (valve) opening interlock, and the interlock will be stopped after the 280℃ fire damper installed in front of the fan is actuated. According to the relevant provisions of the fire protection code, fire dampers and smoke exhaust valves (outlets) shall adopt qualified products that meet the relevant fire protection product standards.
4) Openable external windows should be easy to open directly. Openable external windows that are installed at high places and are not convenient to open directly should be equipped with manual opening devices at a height of 1.3 to 1.5 from the ground.
5) Selection and use of fireproof materials and equipment:
The smoke exhaust fan adopts an axial flow fan to ensure that the smoke exhaust fan can work continuously for 30 minutes at 280℃.
The smoke exhaust duct is made of thickened galvanized steel plate, and the smoke exhaust duct connecting parts are made of flame-retardant materials to ensure that the duct and connecting parts can work continuously for 30 minutes at 280°C to ensure their structural integrity.
The fire resistance limit of the smoke exhaust duct in the pipe shaft shall not be less than 0.5h; the fire resistance limit of the smoke exhaust duct installed in the corridor ceiling and passing through the fire partition shall not be less than 1.0h; the fire resistance limit of the smoke exhaust duct in the equipment room or garage shall not be less than 0.5h.
The smoke exhaust duct in the suspended ceiling is insulated with fire-proof flexible coiled material and is kept at a distance of not less than 150mm from combustible materials.
The fire resistance limit of fire-fighting air supply ducts shall not be less than 0.5h, and the fire resistance limit of fire-fighting air supply ducts crossing fire compartments shall not be less than 1.5h.
The setting and fire resistance limit of the positive pressure air supply duct shall meet the following requirements:
a The vertical positive pressure air supply pipe is installed in the pipe shaft. The fire resistance limit of the air duct that is not installed in the pipe shaft or in the pipe shaft shared with other pipes shall not be less than 1.0h.
b. The fire resistance limit of horizontally installed air supply ducts shall not be less than 0.5h when installed in the suspended ceiling, and shall not be less than 1.0h when not installed in the suspended ceiling.
Fire resistance limit of air duct:
The holes where various air conditioning pipelines pass through fireproof partition walls, floors, and firewalls should be sealed with fireproof blocking materials. When the air duct passes through fireproof partition walls, floors, and firewalls, the fire dampers on the air ducts at the crossing point and the air ducts within 2m on both sides of the smoke exhaust fire damper should be protected by fire protection measures, and the fire resistance limit should not be lower than the fire resistance limit of the fire partition wall.
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The air ducts with a fire resistance limit of ≤2 h are made of galvanized steel plates and wrapped with fireproof flexible coils with a density of 96kg/m3 and a maximum temperature resistance of 1200℃. At a temperature of 800℃, the thermal conductivity is ≤0.27W/(m·K). A fire resistance limit test report issued by the National Fireproof Building Materials Quality Supervision and Inspection Center is required. Specific requirements and practices:
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0.5h | 25 | - |
1.0h | 40 | 50 |
1.5h | 50 | - |
2.0h | 50 | - |
The air duct with a fire resistance limit of 3h is wrapped with rock wool + fireproof board. The specific requirements are as follows:
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3h | 50 | 10 |
5 ) Natural ventilation is preferred for the above-ground part of this project. In areas where there is no natural ventilation condition in the garage, a ventilation system shall be installed in accordance with the specifications, and natural ventilation shall be introduced directly from the outside, with the ventilation volume not less than 50% of the exhaust volume.
For rooms with a floor area greater than 500 m2, the air supply system directly introduces air from the outside through the external doors and windows below the smoke storage bin.
6 ) Fire protection system acceptance
After completion, the fire protection system should be inspected and accepted in accordance with the specifications. It shall not be put into use if it fails the acceptance inspection.
7 ) Description of seismic design of smoke exhaust system
All smoke exhaust systems, emergency ventilation system ducts and their connecting equipment, all rectangular ventilation ducts with a cross-sectional area greater than 0.38m2, and all air-conditioning water pipes greater than DN65 in this project are equipped with seismic support and hanger brackets.
The hoisting position of the hoisting unit weighing more than 180kg should be avoided above the personnel activities and evacuation passages, and seismic support brackets should be installed.
The seismic support and hanger products of this project must be reliably anchored with concrete, steel structures, etc. The setting principle of seismic support and hanger is: the maximum spacing of the lateral support of the air duct is 9 meters, and the maximum spacing of the longitudinal support is 18 meters. (In order to ensure the overall safety of the seismic system, it is also recommended to carry out appropriate reinforcement for the hangers with a length of less than 300mm). The specific detailed design is completed by a professional company, and the final spacing is determined in the detailed design stage according to the actual situation on site. All products must meet the "General Technical Conditions for Seismic Support and Hanger of Building Mechanical and Electrical Equipment" CJ/T476-2015. For installation diagrams, please refer to the installation details.
(IV) Noise and vibration isolation measures
Air conditioning and ventilation equipment adopts sound absorption, sound insulation, vibration reduction and vibration isolation measures to meet the requirements of environmental protection departments and design specifications regarding noise control.
1. A muffler is installed on the exhaust duct or the exhaust equipment is a silent type. The muffler is calculated and determined by the construction unit based on the noise sound power level curve provided by the fan equipment supplier, the duct installation situation, the indoor noise requirements and other relevant conditions.
2. Floor-mounted air conditioning units, exhaust fans, and exhaust and smoke exhaust fans are equipped with spring shock absorbers and bases (calculated and determined by the supplier). Due to the differences in weight, speed, etc. of each product, after Party A places an order, the professional manufacturer must calculate and determine the shock absorber specifications based on the purchased product parameters and submit them to the design institute for review.
3. The equipment foundations of various companies shall be determined according to the product size after Party A places an order due to the different product sizes. The equipment foundations of the roof shall be constructed before the waterproofing of the roof. Except for the equipment foundations of the lowest level, strip foundations shall be used to reduce the weight of the structure.
4. The fan inlet and outlet are equipped with metal non-combustible flexible joints.
5. All suspended air conditioners and fan boxes are equipped with vibration-damping hangers.
6. The inner walls and ceilings of the air-conditioning room and ventilation room are treated with 15mm thick cement wood wool boards for sound absorption to reduce indoor noise.
7. When all air supply and return ducts pass through the walls of the machine room, the reserved holes must be blocked with cement and sealed with sealing materials to prevent sound leakage.
8. The sound insulation level of the machine room door should be no less than 35dB.
9. Positive pressure fans, fire-fighting air fans, and smoke exhaust fans should be installed on concrete or steel frame foundations, but shock absorbers should not be installed. If the smoke exhaust system is shared with the air conditioning system, when shock absorbers are required, rubber shock absorbers should not be used.
(V) Hygiene and epidemic prevention measures
Mechanical exhaust facilities shall be installed in public places where high temperature, heat and polluted air are generated, and equipped with air supply and air replenishment facilities. Ventilation equipment (air supply fan box and exhaust fan box, etc.) shall be equipped with cleanable air filters.
(VI) Others
1. Equipment installed on the roof should be outdoor anti-corrosion type.
2. For the foundation of air-conditioning and ventilation equipment, it is recommended to construct it according to the specifications and requirements of the winning equipment after the equipment bidding is completed, so as to avoid conflicts between the foundation of the equipment selected in the bidding and the foundation of the currently reserved equipment, which will cause rework and waste.
3. All parameters in the design are technical parameters unless otherwise specified. For other matters not covered, please refer to the relevant specifications or national standards.
4. Due to the limitation of building space and facade, the installation space of air conditioning and ventilation equipment in this project is relatively compact. When the owner bids for air conditioning and ventilation equipment, please be sure to provide the design drawings of this project to the equipment supplier to verify that the equipment they supply can meet the building space requirements of this project.