Should I see a doctor before I try to get pregnant? — Yes. It's very important that you see your doctor or nurse for a "pre-pregnancy check-up." Your doctor or nurse will ask you about things that could affect your pregnancy. For instance, he or she might ask about your diet, lifestyle, use of birth control, past pregnancies, medicines, and any diseases that you have or that run in your family.
在尝试怀孕前，我应该去看医生吗？ — 是的。在尝试怀孕前，您应该去看医生或护士进行一次“孕前检查”。医生或护士会询问您一些可能影响怀孕的问题。例如，他们可能会询问您的饮食习惯、生活方式、避孕措施、既往怀孕情况、正在服用的药物以及您或您的家族中是否有任何疾病。

There are several things that you and your doctor or nurse can do to make sure that your pregnancy is as healthy as possible. These things should be done before you try to get pregnant:
您和您的医生或护士可以采取以下措施，确保怀孕尽可能健康。这些措施应在尝试怀孕前完成：

●Discuss any medicines or herbal drugs you take and find out if you need to make changes
请告知医生您正在服用的任何药物或草药，并了解是否需要调整用药方案。

●Discuss whether you are up-to-date on your vaccines
讨论您是否已接种最新疫苗。

●Start taking a multivitamin that has folic acid (also called folate)
开始服用含有叶酸（也称为维生素 B9）的复合维生素。

●Know which foods you should avoid and which foods are best
了解哪些食物应避免食用，以及哪些食物最适合食用。

●Stop smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking drugs not prescribed for you by a doctor
戒烟、戒酒，或停止服用未经医生处方的药物。

●Understand the risks to you and your baby if:
如果您出现以下情况，请了解您和宝宝可能面临的风险：

•You have any medical conditions
您是否有任何健康问题？

•There are diseases that run in your family or your partner's family
有些疾病会遗传自你的家族或伴侣的家族。

●Discuss whether there are any harmful substances in your home or work
讨论家中或工作场所是否存在有害物质。

●Try to reach a healthy weight
努力达到健康体重

Each of these issues is explained in more detail below.
以下将对这些问题进行详细说明。

Ask if the medicines you take are safe — If you take any medicines, supplements, or herbal drugs, ask your doctor if it is safe to keep taking them while you are pregnant or trying to get pregnant. Some medicines take a long time to leave your body completely, so it's important to plan ahead. In some cases, your doctor and nurse will want you to switch to different medicines that are safer for the baby. Your doctor and nurse might need to slowly get you off some medicines because it could harm you to stop them all of a sudden. This is especially important for women who take medicines to treat seizures, high blood pressure, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
询问您正在服用的药物是否安全——如果您正在服用任何药物、膳食补充剂或草药制剂，请咨询医生在怀孕期间或备孕期间继续服用是否安全。某些药物需要较长时间才能完全代谢出体外，因此提前规划非常重要。在某些情况下，医生和护士可能会建议您更换为对胎儿更安全的药物。医生和护士可能需要逐步减少某些药物的用量，因为突然停药可能对您造成危害。这一点对于服用抗癫痫药物、降压药物、狼疮药物或类风湿性关节炎药物的女性尤为重要。

Check if you need any vaccines — Women who want to get pregnant should be up-to-date on their vaccines. This includes vaccines against measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, polio, chickenpox (also called varicella), and possibly hepatitis. Many women got these vaccines as children. Still, it is important to check that you have had all the right vaccines. Otherwise, you could get sick with the diseases the vaccines protect against, and that could cause problems for you or your baby. All women should also get a flu shot every year.
检查是否需要接种疫苗——计划怀孕的女性应确保疫苗接种齐全。这包括麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、破伤风、白喉、脊髓灰质炎、水痘（也称水痘带状疱疹）以及可能需要接种的乙型肝炎疫苗。许多女性在儿童时期已接种过这些疫苗。然而，仍需确认是否已接种所有必要疫苗。否则，您可能感染疫苗预防的疾病，这可能对您或胎儿造成危害。所有女性每年都应接种流感疫苗。

Some vaccines cannot be given during pregnancy or in the month before pregnancy. It's important to get these vaccines more than a month before you start trying to get pregnant.
某些疫苗在怀孕期间或怀孕前一个月内不能接种。因此，建议在计划怀孕前至少一个月完成这些疫苗的接种。

Start taking a multivitamin — If you want to get pregnant, take a "prenatal" multivitamin every day that has at least 400 micrograms of folic acid. This helps prevent some birth defects. Start taking the multivitamin at least a month before you start trying to get pregnant. It's not enough to start taking vitamins when you find out you are pregnant. At that point, your baby has already formed many body parts that rely on folic acid and other vitamins to develop normally.
开始服用复合维生素——如果你打算怀孕，每天应服用含有至少 400 微克叶酸的“孕期专用”复合维生素。这有助于预防某些出生缺陷。建议在计划怀孕前至少一个月开始服用复合维生素。仅在怀孕后才开始服用维生素是不够的。此时，胎儿许多依赖叶酸和其他维生素正常发育的器官已经形成。

It is important not to take too much of any vitamin during pregnancy, especially vitamin A. Show your doctor or nurse the vitamins you plan to take to make sure the doses are safe for you and your baby.
怀孕期间，切勿过量摄入任何维生素，尤其是维生素 A。请向您的医生或护士展示您计划服用的维生素，以确保剂量对您和宝宝安全。

Check your diet — Some foods are not safe for a woman who is pregnant or trying to get pregnant. If you are trying to get pregnant, do not eat raw or undercooked meat. Avoid eating shark, swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish because they can have high levels of mercury. Check with your doctor or nurse about the safety of fish caught in local rivers and lakes. Limit the amount of caffeine you have by not drinking more than 1 or 2 cups of coffee each day. Tea and cola also contain caffeine, but usually not as much as coffee. Try to eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating them.
检查您的饮食——某些食物对孕妇或计划怀孕的女性不安全。如果您正在备孕，请避免食用生肉或未煮熟的肉类。应避免食用鲨鱼、剑鱼、国王鲭鱼或鲭鱼，因为这些鱼类可能含有高水平的汞。请咨询医生或护士，了解本地河流和湖泊中捕获的鱼类是否安全。限制咖啡因摄入量，每天饮用咖啡不超过 1 至 2 杯。茶和可乐也含有咖啡因，但通常含量低于咖啡。尽量保持均衡饮食，多吃水果、蔬菜和全谷物。食用前请将水果和蔬菜洗净。

Stop smoking, drinking alcohol, or taking illegal drugs — If you smoke, drink alcohol, or take drugs not prescribed for you by a doctor, now more than ever it is important that you stop. Using even small amounts of these substances from time to time during pregnancy could hurt your baby.
戒烟、戒酒、戒毒——如果你吸烟、饮酒或服用未经医生处方的药物，现在比以往任何时候都更重要的是你要戒掉这些习惯。怀孕期间即使偶尔使用这些物质，也可能对胎儿造成伤害。

It's not enough to stop as soon as you find out you are pregnant. By then the baby has already begun to form and could get damaged by smoking, alcohol, or drugs. If you need help quitting, speak with your doctor or nurse. There are effective treatments that can help.
仅仅在发现怀孕后立即停止吸烟是不够的。此时胎儿已经开始发育，吸烟、饮酒或吸毒都可能对胎儿造成伤害。如果您需要帮助戒烟，请咨询您的医生或护士。有有效的治疗方法可以帮助您。

Your partner should also stop smoking and using illegal drugs. He should not drink too much alcohol.
您的伴侣也应戒烟并停止使用非法药物。他应避免过量饮酒。

Ask about risks — Ask your doctor what the risks to you and your baby might be if:
了解风险 — 咨询医生，了解以下情况可能对您和宝宝带来的风险：

●You have any medical conditions – If you have a medical problem, it could cause problems for you or your baby during pregnancy. Women who have certain medical conditions should work with their doctor to get their conditions under control before they get pregnant. This includes women with diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, thyroid conditions, seizure disorders, HIV infection, and other problems. If these conditions are not well controlled, they can cause problems for a mother and her baby during pregnancy.
您是否有任何健康问题 – 如果您有健康问题，可能会对您或胎儿在怀孕期间造成影响。患有某些健康问题的女性应在怀孕前与医生合作，将病情控制在良好状态。这包括患有糖尿病、高血压、哮喘、甲状腺疾病、癫痫、HIV 感染及其他健康问题的女性。如果这些病情未得到良好控制，可能会对母亲和胎儿在怀孕期间造成影响。

●You or your partner has a family history of a medical condition – If you or your partner has a history of a condition that could be passed on to your baby, you might need genetic counseling. Genetic counseling can help you find out what the chances are that your baby will have the condition. It will also help you sort out what your options might be if your baby does have problems. Examples of conditions that might call for genetic counseling include cystic fibrosis, mental retardation, and muscular dystrophy.
您或您的伴侣有家族病史——如果您或您的伴侣有可能会遗传给宝宝的疾病病史，您可能需要进行遗传咨询。遗传咨询可以帮助您了解宝宝患该疾病的几率。如果宝宝确实存在问题，遗传咨询还能帮助您了解可能的应对方案。需要进行遗传咨询的疾病示例包括囊性纤维化、智力障碍和肌肉萎缩症。

Check your home and work for harmful substances — People often have chemicals or substances in their home or work that could hurt an unborn baby. Dealing with these substances can sometimes be complicated and time consuming, so it's important to plan ahead. For instance, people who live in homes built before 1978 often have lead paint on their walls or woodwork. Lead in chips or dust from this paint could harm a baby. Ask your doctor or nurse how to deal with this and other harmful substances you might have around you.
检查家中和工作场所的有害物质——人们家中或工作场所常存在可能对胎儿造成伤害的化学物质或有害物质。处理这些物质有时可能较为复杂且耗时，因此提前规划至关重要。例如，居住在 1978 年前建造的房屋中的人们，墙壁或木制家具上可能含有含铅涂料。这些涂料脱落的碎屑或灰尘中的铅可能对胎儿造成危害。请咨询您的医生或护士，了解如何处理这些有害物质以及您周围可能存在的其他有害物质。

Work on your weight — Women who weigh too little or too much can have problems getting pregnant and problems during pregnancy. You should try to reach a healthy weight before you try to get pregnant.
关注体重管理——体重过轻或过重的女性可能面临受孕困难及孕期问题。建议在备孕前努力达到健康体重。

More on this topic  更多相关内容

Patient education: Vaccines and pregnancy (The Basics)
患者教育：疫苗与怀孕（基础知识）
Patient education: Avoiding infections in pregnancy (The Basics)
患者教育：孕期感染的预防（基础知识）
Patient education: Care during pregnancy for women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (The Basics)
患者教育：妊娠期 1 型或 2 型糖尿病女性的护理（基础知识）
Patient education: Quitting smoking (The Basics)
患者教育：戒烟（基础知识）
Patient education: Lead poisoning (The Basics)
患者教育：铅中毒（基础知识）
Patient education: Taking over-the-counter medicines during pregnancy (The Basics)
患者教育：怀孕期间服用非处方药（基础知识）
Patient education: Acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease) during pregnancy (The Basics)
患者教育：妊娠期胃食管反流病（胃食管反流病）基础知识
Patient education: Alcohol and drug use in pregnancy (The Basics)
患者教育：孕期酒精和药物使用（基础知识）

Patient education: Vaccination during pregnancy (Beyond the Basics)
患者教育：孕期疫苗接种（进阶指南）
Patient education: Avoiding infections in pregnancy (Beyond the Basics)
患者教育：孕期感染的预防（进阶指南）
Patient education: Care during pregnancy for women with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (Beyond the Basics)
患者教育：妊娠期 1 型或 2 型糖尿病女性的护理（基础知识之外）
Patient education: Quitting smoking (Beyond the Basics)
患者教育：戒烟（进阶指南）