Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Tester

MC-130

User Manual

 Mengge Magnetic & Electric Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd

MAGELE TECHNOLOGY (SHANGHAI) CO.,LTD.

Table of Contents

To the User

Version History and Notes…………………………………………………………………1

【Packing List】………………………………………………………………………2

Chapter 1 System Overview………………………………………………………………3

1 Device Appearance………………………………………………………………………………………3

2 Device Usage……………………………………………………………………………3

Chapter 2 Device Operation……………………………………………………………4

1 Safety Precautions………………………………………………………………………4

2 Power On and Off…………………………………………………………………………4

2.1Power On…………………………………………………………………………………4

2.2 Power Off…………………………………………………………………………………4

3 General Safety Measures Before Operation……………………………………………………………4

3.1 Pre-operation checks……………………………………………………………4

3.2 Checks after power-on………………………………………………………………4

3.3 Checks during operation………………………………………………………………5

4 Control Panel and Buttons……………………………………………………………………5

4.1 Control Panel……………………………………………………………………………5

4.2Functions…………………………………………………………………………………5

5 Machine Operation Process………………………………………………………………………5

5.1 Power-on Self-Test……………………………………………………………………………5

5.2Startup…………………………………………………………………………………6

5.3Probe Replacement……………………………………………………………………………6

5.4Sample Testing……………………………………………………………………………7

5.5Shutdown Procedure………………………………………………………………………7

Chapter 3 Description of Equipment Structure…………………………………………………………8

1 Schematic Diagram of Equipment Structure……………………………………………………………………8

2 Equipment Parameters……………………………………………………………………………8

3 System Connectors…………………………………………………………………………9

4 XYZ-axis Manual Adjustment…………………………………………………………………10

Chapter 4 Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement Software…………………………………………11

1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………11

2 Software Main Interface Composition…………………………………………………………………11

2.1 Login Interface and Software Interface………………………………………………………………11

2.2Description………………………………………………………………………………12

3Introduction to Functional Modules……………………………………………………………………12

3.1Basic Parameters…………………………………………………………………………12

3.2 Configuration Table……………………………………………………………………………12

3.3 Waveform Configuration…………………………………………………………………………13

3.4 Start/Stop and Gear……………………………………………………………………13

3.5 Enable Sorting Function……………………………………………………………………13

3.6 Graphical Display Area………………………………………………………………………14

3.7 Data Table Area………………………………………………………………………14

3.8 Digital Header Area………………………………………………………………………15

3.9 Overview of Related Operations……………………………………………………………………15

4 Menu Bar……………………………………………………………………16

4.1Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement Software Function Index Table…………………………………………………16

4.2 File Menu…………………………………………………………………………16

4.3 Settings………………………………………………………………………………18

4.4 About the Menu…………………………………………………………………………19

4.5 Software Operation…………………………………………………………………………19

4.6 Software Precautions……………………………………………………………………19

Chapter Five Instrument Maintenance and Care……………………………………………………20

1 General Maintenance……………………………………………………………………………20

1.1 Probe Calibration…………………………………………………………………………20

1.2 Zero Calibration…………………………………………………………………………20

1.3 Fuse Replacement…………………………………………………………………………20

1.4 Replacement of Wearing Parts………………………………………………………………………20

1.5 Common Faults and Troubleshooting Methods………………………………………………………………20

2Regular Inspection……………………………………………………………………………20

2.1Daily Inspection…………………………………………………………………………21

2.2 Quarterly Inspection…………………………………………………………………………21

Chapter 6 Product Warranty and Calibration Services……………………………………………22

1 Limited Warranty Liability………………………………………………………………………22

2 Situations Not Covered by Warranty………………………………………………………………22

3Instrument Calibration Services………………………………………………………………………22

Appendix 1:Definitions of Common Parameters…………………………………………………………23

To the User

Welcome to our user community. Your purchase of our company's magnetic measurement instruments is a great honor for us. We have provided this user manual with the instrument. Please read this user manual carefully before putting the instrument into use, as it will help you use the instrument more effectively.

Please keep this user manual as an integral part of the instrument for easy reference by users at any time.

Although this user manual has been carefully reviewed, omissions are inevitable. If you have any questions, please contact our company.

Our company assumes no responsibility for printing errors in the user manual or for any misunderstandings that users may have due to this manual.

Our company is committed to continuous product improvement, and the content of the user manual is subject to change without prior notice.

The final interpretation right of this user manual belongs to Mengge Magnetic and Electrical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd..

【Registered Trademark Statement】

The registered trademarks involved in the product user manual of Mengge Magnetic and Electrical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. belong to their respective trademark holders.

[Copyright Statement]

The copyright of this user manual belongs to Mengge Magnetic and Electrical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.. Without the formal written authorization of our company, no unit or individual may copy, reprint, or disseminate the content of this user manual, in whole or in part (including text and images), for commercial purposes.

Version History and Notes

1. Version Information

2. Version History

Questions or suggestions regarding our equipment or documentation?

We welcome your questions or suggestions for improvement regarding the device or documentation. Please send them via email to info@shmagele.com. We would be very grateful!

Note: "√" indicates standard configuration, "╳" indicates optional configuration

Chapter 1: System Overview

(Excluding computer desk and cabinet base)

2. Device Usage

2.1, This equipment is semi-automatic, requiring manual loading and unloading of samples. After inputting parameters, it can automatically perform detection, significantly improving detection accuracy and saving labor.

2.2, Used to measure the surface magnetic field distribution of multi-pole magnetic rings, including the peak value, area, and width of each magnetic pole. Automatically determines the number of poles and the polarity of the magnetic poles of the magnetic ring, and performs statistical analysis of the test results. It can draw X-Y curve graphs, polar coordinate curve graphs, 3D coordinates, etc.

※Operation Warning

⑴ The operator should carefully read this manual and fully understand its content before operating the machine;

⑵ The placement, operation, and maintenance of the machine should be carried out by a dedicated person in accordance with the instructions in this manual;

⑶ Unauthorized repair of the machine or electronic devices may cause serious damage to the machine, and may even endanger lives. Please contact our service personnel.

Chapter 2: Device Operation

1. Safety Precautions

Operate this machine only after familiarizing yourself with the safety precautions in Chapter 4. Although it may cause some inconvenience, do not arbitrarily remove or disregard any safety devices. All safety devices must be regularly inspected to prevent malfunctions.

【Preparation Before Work】

⑴ Keep the area around the machine clean to prevent accidents.

⑵ Do not remove or move the guards of any safety devices.

⑶ Do not touch any moving or rotating parts of the machine while it is in operation.

4. Turn off the power after work.

2. Powering On and Off

After the machine has been installed, the voltage needs to be checked before the first power-up. Check the voltage output from the transformer. If no transformer is used, check the voltage at the main power switch. This equipment uses 220V 50/60Hz.

Attention! Neglecting this operation can cause fatal damage to the control system.

2.1. Power On

2.2.1. Routine Checks and Preparations Before Powering On

(1) All buttons are working reliably;

(2) There are no foreign objects on any of the transmission shafts;

2.2.2. Power Management and Indicators

Connect the device's power plug to the power supply (AC220V). Flip the power switch on the back of the device to "-", and the device will power on. The alarm light will be solid red, and the start indicator and reset indicator will be solid (blue light). Then, turn on the computer and enter the Windows operating interface.

2.2. Powering Off

First, click the "Shut down" button on the Windows taskbar's Start menu. Windows will shut down the computer. Flip the device's power switch to OFF, and the working indicator light will turn off.

※Note!

⑴、Only qualified electrical personnel are permitted to perform power cord wiring.

⑵、High-noise equipment such as electric welders and power tools can affect the machine's operation; please keep them away from the machine tool.

⑶、Do not touch any switches with wet hands.

⑷、For daily maintenance and inspection, be sure to power off and press the emergency stop button!

3. General Safety Measures Before Operation

3.1. Items to check before machine operation:

1. Confirm the input power supply is 220V/50HZ.

2. No objects are allowed on the moving parts of the machine.

3.2. Items to check after powering on:

1. Confirm there are no machine alarms or abnormal noises.

2. Confirm that there are no objects in the moving parts of the machine.

3.3. Items to check during operation:

⑴ Observe for abnormal noise, temperature, and odor.

⑵ Confirm the operating status of each transmission mechanism.

4. Operation Panel and Buttons

4.1. Operation Panel

4.2. Functions

The panel layout includes a "Start" button, a "Pass" indicator light (green) for the product, a "Fail" indicator light (red) for the product, a "Run/Alarm" indicator light (red for alarm, green for normal operation), a "Reset" button, and an "Emergency Stop" button.

"Alarm": Abnormal status prompts: such as servo failure, emergency stop, power-on, etc. The host computer will display relevant fault prompts, and the fault alarm red light will stay on. During normal equipment testing, if the above faults occur, the host computer will automatically switch from "Ready" to "Stop" status. After confirming the fault, press the reset button on the lower computer to initialize the equipment. After initialization (the equipment status light changes from red to green), enter the relevant parameters, click "Ready" on the host computer (the "Ready" time must not be earlier than the fault indicator light extinguishing time), and press the F5 key on the computer keyboard or the equipment start button to begin testing.

"Emergency Stop": This switch is used for emergency situations. When the "Emergency Stop" switch is pressed, all actions immediately stop, and the fault alarm red light stays on. After releasing the "Emergency Stop" button (turn clockwise to open), the instrument will not continue the current operation. You need to press the "Reset" button to perform chuck origin return and return to the initial state.

"Start": Press the start button to begin the test. The "Start" button is only active when the host computer presses "Ready".

"Reset": This button is used to clear current fault alarms and return the chuck to its home position. The reset priority is lower than the emergency stop, meaning an emergency stop can be performed during the reset process. When the alarm red light is on, press the "Reset" button to return the chuck to its home position and revert to the initial standby state. The equipment status light changes from red to green. The "Reset" button is active only when the fault indicator light is on and the emergency stop button is not pressed; it is inactive in all other circumstances.

Machine Operation Procedure

5.1. Power-on Inspection

To ensure the personal safety of the instrument user and the safety of the instrument, please be sure to inspect the instrument according to the following procedure before powering it on.

5.2. Power On

To ensure instrument safety, please power on the instrument in the following order.

Step	Method of Operation	Illustration	Remarks
1	Turn on the monitor and the industrial computer host in sequence, and wait for the operating system to start normally.
2	Run the MultiMagMeasureSystem software: Double-click the "MultiMagMeasureSystem Magnetic Field Measurement System" software icon on the desktop with the left mouse button.
3	After the measurement software self-check, it automatically jumps to the main test interface.
4	Turn on the MC-130 Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement Device host: Flip the power switch on the host's rear panel to the "—closed state" (rocker switch).		Turn on the device, press the reset button, and the device will perform a reset action.

5.3. Probe Replacement

5.4. Sample Testing

5.5. Shutdown Procedure

Chapter 3: Device Mechanism Description

1. Schematic Diagram of Equipment Structure

2. Equipment Parameters

3. System Wiring Diagram

4. Manual adjustment of XYZ axis position

For manual adjustment of XYZ axis positions, refer to the top 4 figures. The XY axis can be adjusted using the knobs. Before raising or lowering the Z-axis, loosen the locking handle, rotate the handle to the appropriate height, and then tighten the locking handle.

Chapter 4: Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement Software

1. Introduction

The Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement software is a professional magnetic measurement software developed based on the Windows operating platform. It can run on the Windows platform, conforms to Windows software specifications, and offers intuitive and simple operation.

The Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement software features file management, testing, and data (graphical) output functions, meeting users' needs for magnetic component testing, data (report) output, and data management.

2. Software Main Interface Composition

2.2, Description

3. Functional Module Introduction

Test time and chuck rotation direction settings. The test time can be set between 5S and 60S, with a default of 5S.

3.1. Basic Parameters: Sample Name, Sample Specification, Sample Number, Production Batch, Tester, Remarks.

3.2. Configuration Table

3.2.1. You can save the "Sample Parameters" and "Configuration Information" of commonly tested products to the "Configuration Table".

3.2.2. You can import saved parameters in the "Configuration Table" column.

3.3. Waveform Configuration

This function is used to compare the waveform with a sine wave/fundamental wave.

3.4. Ready Stop and Gear

3.4.1 Gear

Before testing, the current range gear needs to be selected. This software has 4 gears available for selection. Estimate the product attributes and choose the appropriate range.

3.4.2 Zeroing Operation

If the current probe displays a value greater than 1Gs on the meter head, you can perform a zeroing operation by pressing the "Zero" button on the software interface.

3.5. Enable Sorting Function

3.5.1 Enabling Sorting Function

●Sorting Parameters: Measurement parameters that require high-low limit setting.

●Lower Limit: Indicates the minimum value for a qualified sample during the measurement process.

●Upper Limit: Indicates the maximum value for a qualified sample during the measurement process.

●Test results are only judged as qualified if they are within the sorting range. If there are multiple sorting parameter limits, all test results must be within the sorting range to be judged as qualified. Unqualified parameters will be highlighted with a red background in the software.

3.6. Graphical Display Area

3.6.1. A graphical curve used to display current test data, which can be switched to 2D display, polar coordinates, etc., via the mouse.

curve graph.

3.7. Data Table Area

3.7.1 The main table area displays the overall test results of the test data, with key parameters such as "Total Area," "Maximum Value," "Minimum Value," and "Standard Deviation."

Select the test data, right-click the mouse, and you can modify the display configuration of the results list.

3.7.2 The polar coordinate table area mainly displays the test results for each pole of the measurement, with parameters such as "Peak Value," "Area," "Angular Width," "Pole Width," and "Half-Height Width."

3.7.3 The 3D coordinate table area primarily displays the test results between the curves of measurement results, with parameters such as "skew angle," "conformity" (reserved for now), and "width ratio" (reserved for now).

3.8 Digital Meter Head Area

The gaussmeter head is used to display the measured value of the surface magnetic field and to set the range of the gaussmeter.

3.9 Overview of Related Operations

3.9.1 After selecting all parameters, click "Ready." If you click "Find Zero Point," the device will automatically find the zero point. Once the zero point is found, a pop-up window will display the zero point angle.

If "F5 Test" is clicked again, the system sampling will begin, with the magnetic field zero point position as the starting point. After "F5 Test" is completed, if "F5 Test" is repeatedly pressed, it will continue in the same manner as described above.

4. Menu Bar

4.1、Surface Magnetic Field Distribution Measurement Software Menu Bar Index Table

4.2. File Menu: The "File" menu allows operations on index and data files. Through "File" operations, users can organize test data according to their requirements, making it convenient to review previous test data at any time in the future.

4.2.1. Open: Opens test data stored on disk.

4.2.1.1. 2D Curve

4.2.1.2. Polar Coordinates

4.2.133D Coordinates

The left side of the 3D coordinate system displays options for the 3D graphic, allowing changes to the display style, data style, data color scale, and view mode.

4.2.2.1 Printing and Saving to Excel

Save a single XY coordinate curve

Right-click the data and select "Export to Excel" to export the data to a local Excel file. This software uniformly uses Excel format for printing. The specific method is to right-click the data to bring up the menu, then click "Export Current Report to Excel" to save the current single curve and data to Excel. The Excel file will display the test results for each pole of the single curve in detail (the Excel document is saved in the `data_excel` folder within the software's directory).

Right-click the data and select "Export All Data to Excel" to export all test data and corresponding angle values to Excel for easy analysis (the Excel document is saved in the `data_excel` OR `result_excel` folder within the software's directory).

4.3, Settings:

4.3.1 System Settings

The settings menu primarily allows you to configure the software's basic functions, such as serial port channels, units, graphic display adjustments, and report data saving locations.

4.4, About Menu:

4.5.1 Version

View current software version information.

4.5.1 Registration

The software can be used for a limited time or permanently registered.

4.5, Software Operation:

The specific software operation steps are as follows:

Log in to the system (default account: admin, default password: 123456);

Enter the configuration information of the product to be tested (number, batch, tester, etc.);

Select the appropriate range and set the test time and rotation direction;

Set sorting parameters (peak value, area, etc.); if no sorting is needed, this step can be skipped;

The current configuration information can be saved by product batch or name, making it convenient to retrieve directly for the next test;

Observe the values in the software header. If the data is greater than 1Gs, press the clear button to adjust (may require multiple clicks);

Click "Ready," then press F5 to start the test. (Ensure the chuck wrench is removed and the probe is not squeezed or scratched);

Stop, analyze the data, and output the report (you can also change the product and press F5 to continue testing).

4.6、Software Precautions:

After the test is complete, the software will redraw the graphics. During the redrawing process, due to a large number of drawing calculations, the software may experience slight lag. Therefore, please do not perform mouse or keyboard operations until the drawing redrawing is complete.

In the right-click menu of the data file, the print function is invalid. All printing is done by exporting to Excel for printing and previewing.

Chapter 5: Instrument Maintenance and Care

1. General Maintenance

1.1: Probe Calibration

The instrument comes with a standard magnetic field. If the test is found to be inaccurate during measurement, the Hall probe can be placed in the standard magnetic field, and the calibration knob on the right panel of the MC-130 platform can be adjusted to make the Gaussian value displayed by the software consistent with the standard magnetic field.

Note: The standard magnetic field supplied with the instrument must not be pressed or vibrated. Protect it from moisture and direct sunlight.

1.2. Zero Calibration

If, after prolonged use, pressing the zero button multiple times still fails to clear the software meter display to 0Gs, please refer to the following steps to perform a zero calibration on the instrument. Note: Place the probe within a 0 magnetic field range (moving the probe away from metal and magnetic objects can be considered a 0 magnetic field). A software display value fluctuation of 1GS is normal.

1. Using the circular hole on the side panel, use a small flat-head screwdriver to slightly adjust the VR201 potentiometer. If the displayed value is positive, rotate counter-clockwise; if negative, rotate clockwise. While adjusting VR201, press the zero button repeatedly until multiple presses of the zero button consistently ensure the meter displays 0Gs.

2. After completing the above steps, you can adjust the zeroing range using the following steps (this step is optional).

3. Place the probe in a standard magnetic field, press the zero button, then place the probe in a 0GS magnetic field environment and record the data.

4. Place the probe in reverse in a standard magnetic field, press the zero button, then place the probe in a 0GS magnetic field environment and record the data.

⑸、Find a midpoint in the two sets of data above. First, press Clear to set the display value to 0Gs. Adjust the meter display to the midpoint position by adjusting VR202, then press Clear.

⑹、Zero calibration completed.

1.3. Replacing the Fuse

The fuse is located under the power socket on the rear panel of the chassis. After unplugging the power cord, you can use tweezers or your hand to remove the fuse holder and replace it with a spare fuse.

1.4, Replacement of Consumable Parts

The probe is a consumable part. Unscrew the probe fixing screw, disconnect the probe cable plug, and replace it with a new probe. If the software meter display value is not 0 in a 0 magnetic field after replacing the probe, you can refer to the probe calibration steps in 5.1.1 to calibrate the probe.

1.5, Common Faults and Troubleshooting Methods

1. Upon startup, the Gauss meter displays 1: The probe socket is loose or damaged, or the AD card loading is abnormal.

2. Upon startup, all ranges are at full scale: The probe is damaged, the connection is abnormal, or the magnetic field to be measured exceeds the device's detection range. Please check the probe connection.

3. After pressing the zero button multiple times, the value is not 0: Please refer to the zero calibration in general maintenance.

Regular inspection

Regardless of whether the equipment experiences issues, users must regularly perform routine inspections. Periodic inspections can help you uncover hidden problems within the equipment, thereby minimizing your losses. This section provides a detailed explanation of routine machine inspections.

Daily Inspections

Daily inspections refer to the checks that personnel must perform every day before, during, and after operating the machine. All inspection points are listed in the table below, where the numbers correspond to those in the checklist. Among the inspection points carried out during equipment operation, the detection of noise and abnormal sounds must be performed at all times.

Table 1: Daily Inspection Checklist

Quarterly Inspection

Quarterly inspections can predict and prevent machine failures that might not be detected during daily checks. While more involved than daily inspections, quarterly inspections are essential. Each inspection point is listed in the table below:

Table 2: Quarterly Inspection Checklist

Chapter 6: Product Warranty and Calibration Services

1. Limited Warranty Liability

⑴. The following limited warranty liability applies only to products sold and used in mainland China.

⑵. This product comes with a free 18-month warranty from the date of shipment. The Hall probe is a consumable part and is not covered by the free warranty.

3. During the warranty period, the costs of spare parts (excluding consumables), labor, and shipping of the product to the user incurred due to instrument repair shall be borne by our company.

4. For product repairs beyond the warranty period, we will charge for spare parts replacement, labor (personnel costs), and shipping of the instrument

to the user as appropriate.

2. Situations not covered by warranty

⑴ If the operator fails to operate the instrument in accordance with the general safety guidelines and operating precautions in the user manual, resulting in damage or destruction of the instrument, it will not be covered by the free warranty.

⑵ If the user disassembles, modifies, or replaces parts without written authorization from the manufacturer, resulting in the instrument being unable to function normally, it will not be covered by the free warranty.

⑶ If the instrument cannot be used normally or is damaged due to force majeure factors including but not limited to war, fire, typhoon, and earthquake, and other external damage, it will not be covered by the free warranty.

⑷ If the equipment cannot be used normally due to improper transportation, use, and storage by the user (including but not limited to dampness, corrosion, mildew, rust, and mechanical damage), it will not be covered by the free warranty.

3. Instrument Calibration Services

⑴. Calibration services are limited to products sold and used within mainland China.

⑵. Our company provides free lifetime calibration services for instruments sold.

⑶. Users are responsible for the round-trip transportation costs incurred by the free calibration service.

4. The free standard service is only for instruments without faults. If a fault is detected in the instrument before calibration, our company will repair the instrument in accordance with the limited warranty liability terms after obtaining the user's consent, and charge for the costs incurred due to the instrument repair. After troubleshooting, we will provide free calibration services to the user.

5. If a third-party metrology verification certificate is required, the user can send it to a third-party metrology institution for verification, or entrust our company to arrange the verification. The user shall bear the costs incurred by the metrology verification.

Appendix 1:

Common Parameter Definition Description

Peak: Refers to the magnetic induction value at the apex of each magnetic pole, in kGs (units Gs/kGs/mT are switchable). The number of peaks is equal to the number of magnetic poles in the magnetic ring. A positive peak represents the N pole, and a negative peak represents the S pole.

2. Angle: Refers to the degree of each magnetic pole apex relative to the starting zero point of that magnetic pole.

3. Area: Refers to the area enclosed by the magnetic induction waveform of each magnetic pole and the angular coordinate, with the unit being T-degrees (units Gs-degrees/kGs-degrees/T-degrees are switchable), i.e., Tesla × angle. Its physical meaning is expressed as the integral of magnetic induction with respect to angle. The total area is the algebraic sum of the areas of all magnetic poles.

4. Width: Refers to the angular span between the starting zero point and the ending zero point of each magnetic pole.

5. Half-height width: Refers to the angular span between the two 50% peak points of each magnetic pole.

6. Angle: Refers to the angular difference of the peak angle of each magnetic pole relative to the peak angle of the previous magnetic pole.

7. 08 Angle: Refers to the degree between the midpoint of the two 80% peak points of each magnetic pole and the same point of the previous magnetic pole.

8. Maximum, Minimum, Average, Standard Deviation: Calculated according to mathematical definitions for all N and S poles separately in the test report; in the software's polar coordinate interface, N and S poles are not distinguished, and calculations are performed for all magnetic poles. In new versions (Build 2.0 or later) of the software's polar coordinate interface, calculations are performed separately for all N and S poles, consistent with the test report.

9. Cumulative Error: For each parameter, calculated based on its maximum and minimum values. Cumulative Error = 100 × (Maximum Value - Minimum Value) / Minimum Value.

10. Peak Pole-to-Pole Deviation (or Pole-to-Pole Error): Refers to the maximum value of the peak deviation between adjacent magnetic poles of the same polarity.

11. Duty Cycle: The ratio of the actual waveform area of a single pole to the area of the rectangular block formed by the peak and width corresponding to that pole.

12. Standard Deviation: .

13. Standard angular deviation and standard width deviation are as above, corresponding to the calculation of angle and width respectively.

14. Mean deviation: The maximum ratio of the deviation of the maximum peak and minimum peak from the average.

15. Maximum, Minimum, Average Angle: Corresponds to the maximum, minimum, and average values of the angles for each pole.

16. Angle Deviation: The maximum deviation value of all angles, i.e., maximum angle - minimum angle.

17. Maximum, Minimum, Average Width: Corresponds to the maximum, minimum, and average values of the widths for each pole.

18. Width Deviation: The maximum deviation value of all widths, i.e., maximum width - minimum width.

19. Skew Angle: A parameter for cylindrical multi-turn testing, representing the overall angular deviation of the magnetic field distribution at different heights for the same position on the same sample.

20. Magnetization Angle: A parameter for cylindrical multi-turn testing, used to estimate the magnetization angle of skewed products based on the skew angle (definitions vary, this angle may be complementary to the magnetization angle; it is an estimated parameter and for reference only).

21. Non-magnetic Zone: A parameter for planar scanning, representing the position range relative to the planar zero point where the magnetic stripe/block magnetic field vector is zero.