Economic Resilience
经济韧性
and Future
和 Future
2025 China-U.S.
2025 中美贸易
Future Diplomats Summer
未来外交官之夏
CampCommittee &
营地委员会 &
Contextual
语境
Introduction
介绍
Part IC ommi t t e e C o n t e x t & S imu l a t i o n Ob j e c t i v e s
第一部分 C ommi t t e e C o n t e x t & S imu l a t i o n Ob j e c t i v e s
Background
背景
l 5th China-U.S. Student Conference: Economic
l 第 5 届中美学生会议:经济
Committee simulation on bilateral trade
双边贸易委员会模拟
negotiations.
谈判。
l Goal: Analyze 2025 trade tensions, develop policy
l 目标:分析 2025 年贸易紧张局势,制定政策
solutions, and practice negotiation skills.
解决方案,并练习谈判技巧。
Learning Objectives
学习目标
l Understand historical roots of U.S.-China trade
l 了解美中贸易的历史根源
conflicts (2001 WTO accession to 2018 trade war).
冲突(2001 年加入世贸组织到 2018 年贸易战)。
l Apply theories (economic interdependence, techno
l 应用理论(经济相互依存、技术
nationalism) to real-world scenarios.
民族主义)到现实世界的情景。
l Craft collaborative solutions for tariffs, supply
l 制定关税、供应的协作解决方案
chains, and tech controls.Current Tensions
链条和技术控制。 当前的紧张局势
U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods up to 245%, targeting EVs,
美国对中国商品征收高达 245% 的关税,针对电动汽车,
semiconductors, solar panels.
半导体、太阳能电池板。
China ’ s retaliatory tariffs (125%) and export controls on rare
中国的报复性关税 (125%) 和对稀有商品的出口管制
earths, gallium.
地球,镓。
Global Impact
全球影响
WTO crisis: Tariffs violate bound rates, dispute settlement
世贸组织危机:关税违反约束税率,争端解决
paralyzed.
瘫痪。
Supply chain “decoupling ” trends in Asia and Europe.
亚洲和欧洲的供应链“脱钩”趋势。
Key Definitions
关键定义
Supply Chain Resilience: Capacity to withstand shocks (e.g.,
供应链弹性:承受冲击的能力(例如,
diversifying sources).
多样化的来源)。
Economic Coercion: Using trade measures as political leverage
经济胁迫:利用贸易措施作为政治杠杆
2 0 2 5 S c e n a ri o : T r a d e W a r E s c a l a t i o nK e y Ne g o t i a t i o n I s s u e s & T h e o ri e s
2 0 2 5 S c e n a ri o : T r a d e W a r E s c a l a t i o nK e y Ne g o t i a t i o n I s s u e s & T h e o ri e s
Tariff Rollback Mechanisms
关税回滚机制
l U.S. perspective: Phased reductions with “ snap-back” clauses
l 美国观点:采用“快速恢复”条款的分阶段减排
for compliance.
为了合规。
l China ’ s perspective: Mutual, synchronized tariff cuts.
l 中国视角:相互、同步的关税削减。
l Compromise: Tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) and joint verification
l 折衷方案:关税税率配额 (TRQ) 和联合验证
committees.
委员会。
Supply Chain Resilience
供应链弹性
l U.S. goal: Reduce reliance on China for critical minerals (e.g.,
l 美国目标:减少对中国关键矿产的依赖(例如,
rare earths).
稀土)。
l China ’ s goal: Counter tech export controls via self-reliance.
l 中国的目标:通过自力更生来对抗技术出口管制。
l Solution: Joint stockpiles and “China+1/US+1” diversification
l 解决方案:联合储备和“中国+1/美国+1”多元化
strategies.
策略。
Theories in Action
理论在行动
l Techno-nationalism: U.S. CHIPS Act vs. China ’ s MIC2025.
l 技术民族主义:美国芯片法案 vs. 中国 MIC2025。
l Economic Interdependence: “Weaponized interdependence ” risksS t a k e h o l d e r A n a l y s i s
l 经济相互依存:“武器化的相互依存”风险 S t a k e h o l d e r A n a l y s i s
U.S. Sides
美国方面
l USTR: Enforce structural reforms
l 美国贸易代表办公室:实施结构性改革
l Tesla: Advocate for tariff relief
l 特斯拉:关税减免的倡导者
l Farmers: Restore agricultural exports
l 农民:恢复农产品出口
China Sides
中国方面
l MOFCOM: Seek tariff removal
l 商务部:寻求取消关税
l CATL: Protect EV battery market
l 宁德时代:保护电动汽车电池市场
l Think tanks: Balance policy sovereigntySimulation Rules of
l 智库:平衡政策主权模拟规则
Procedure for China-US
中美协议流程
Bilateral Negotiations
双边谈判
Part IIK e y C o n c e p t s
第二部分 K e y C o n c e p t s
.
1. Simulated Bilateral Negotiations:
1. 模拟双边谈判:
l Two-party talks without third-party
l 无第三方的两方会谈
stakeholders; aim to reach consensus
利益相关者;旨在达成共识
documents .
文件。
2. Committees:
2. 委员会:
l Three committees: Economic & Trade,
l 三个委员会:经济与贸易,
Environmental, AI Negotiations .
环境、人工智能谈判 .
3. Delegations:
3. 代表团:
l Government delegates led by academic
l 由学者带领的政府代表
designated heads; corporate reps can form
指定负责人;公司代表可以组建
delegations .K e y C o n c e p t s
代表团。K e y C o n c e p t s
.
Meeting Documents:
会议文件:
l Interim Docs:
l 临时文档:
Sub-topic consensus (e.g., diplomatic
子主题共识(例如,外交
notes) .
注释)。
l Outcome Docs:
l 成果文档:
Full-topic agreements (declarations,
全主题协议(声明、
treaties) .
条约)。
l China-US Youth Declaration:
l 中美青年宣言:
Compiled from all outcome docs,
编译自所有结果文档,
requires all signatures .Me e t i n g P r o c e s s
需要所有签名 。Me e t i n g P r o c e s s
Pre-Meeting & Keynote Speeches:
会前和主题演讲:
l Presidium rolls call; quorum based on present reps .
l 主席团点名;法定人数基于目前的代表。
l Gov ’t delegations: 5-min keynote; corporates: 3-min (individual)
l 政府代表团:5 分钟主题演讲;企业:3 分钟(个人)
or group speech .
或群组语音。
Sub-topic Voting:
子议题投票:
l Agree on sub-topics via simple majority vote .
l 通过简单多数票就子主题达成一致。
Formal vs. Informal Consultations:
正式磋商与非正式磋商:
l Formal: Must specify topic, participants, and time; voted by Chair .
l 正式:必须指定主题、参与者和时间;由主席投票 。
l Informal: Requested by ≥2 delegations, chaired by designated reps;
l 非正式会议:由 ≥2 个代表团提出要求,由指定代表主持;
minutes filed .
提交的会议记录。
Quorum Rule:
仲裁规则:
l Bilateral/multilateral talks need ≥3 delegations .De l e g a t e S p e a k i n g P r o c e s s
l 双边/多边会谈需要 ≥3 个代表团。De l e g a t e S p e a k i n g P r o c e s s
l ① R .aise a placard to signal the Chair and speak only when recognized.
l (1) R .aise 一个标语牌,向主席发出信号,只有在被认出时才发言。
l ② Government delegates have a 5-minute limit; corporate delegates
l (2) 政府代表有 5 分钟的限制;公司代表
have 3 minutes.
有 3 分钟。
E.g.
例如
l The delegate from the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative within
l 美国贸易代表办公室的代表
the U.S. Government Delegation raises a placard during the meeting to
美国政府代表团在会议期间举起标语牌
indicate the intention to speak about "trade policy adjustments ".
表明了谈论“贸易政策调整”的意图。
l The Chair notices the raised placard and announces, "The delegate from
l 主席注意到举起的标语牌并宣布:“来自
the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative has the floor."
美国贸易代表办公室 (Office of the U.S. Trade Representative) 有发言权。
l The delegate stands up and begins the speech: “ Thank you, Chair…"
l 代表站起来开始演讲:“谢谢主席......”
l The delegate keeps the speech within the 5 - minute time limit set for
l 代表将发言保持在 5 分钟的时限内
government delegates. Once the 5 - minute mark approaches, the
政府代表。一旦 5 分钟标记临近,
delegate concludes the speech promptly.Do c ume n t P r o c e d u r e s
代表迅速结束了演讲。Do c ume n t P r o c e d you are e s
Interim & Outcome Docs:
中期和结果文件:
l Interim: Drafted anytime, signed by relevant
l 临时:随时起草,由相关签署
heads .
头。
l Outcome: Require unanimous approval from both
l 结果:需要双方的一致批准
sides .
双方。
Declaration Process:
申报流程:
l Drafted by all committees, reviewed, and signed by
l 由所有委员会起草、审查和签署
every rep .
每个代表 .
Review & Reservation:
评论和预订:
l Presidium chairs document review; delegations can
l 主席团主席文件审查;代表团可
declare reservations .Do’s:
声明预订 . 应该做的事:
l Coordinate with delegation heads
l 与代表团团长协调
before proposing motions .
在提出动议之前。
l Submit document drafts to Dais for
l 将文件草稿提交给 Dais
pre-review .
预审 .
Don’ts:
注意 事项:
l Avoid consecutive consultations by
l 避免连续咨询
the same delegation .
相同的委派 .
l Refrain from objecting to Chair’ s
l 不得反对主席的
decisions (except for appeals) .
决定(上诉除外)。
K e y T i p s f o r Ne g o t i a t o r sQ&AF o rma l C o n s u l t a t i o n s
Formal discussions requiring clear agenda, participants,
需要明确议程的正式讨论,与会者,
and timeline, approved by the Chair via voting.
和时间表,由主席通过投票批准。
l The U.S. delegation from the Office of the U.S.
l 美国办公室的美国代表团
Trade Representative, a government - affiliated
贸易代表,政府附属机构
institution within the U.S. Delegation, intends to
机构,旨在
initiate formal consultations on " semiconductor
启动关于“半导体”的正式磋商
tariff reduction ". They must submit a written
关税减免”。他们必须提交一份书面的
application to the Chair, specifying the topic,
申请,指定主题,
participants such as representatives from China ' s
参与者如来自中国的代表
Ministry of Commerce within the China Delegation,
商务部在中国代表团内,
and time (e.g., 14:00 - 15:00, June 25), which will
和时间(例如,6 月 25 日 14:00 - 15:00),这将
be voted on by the Chair before commencement.I n f o rma l C o n s u l t a t i o n s
在开始前由主席投票表决。I n f o rma l C o n s u l t a t i o n s
Flexible discussions initiated by ≥2 delegations,
由 ≥2 代表团发起的灵活讨论,
chaired by designated reps, with meeting minutes
由指定代表主持,并提供会议记录
recorded.
记录。
l Representatives from NVIDIA of the U.S.
l 美国 NVIDIA 代表
Private Sector and CATL of the China Private
中国民营企业私营部门与宁德时代
Sector propose informal consultations on "EV
部门提议就“EV
battery supply chain cooperation ". After
电池供应链合作”。后
jointly applying to the Chair, the discussion
共同向主席申请,讨论
is chaired by their designated reps, and
由其指定的代表主持,以及
outcomes are compiled into minutes for
结果被编译为分钟,以便
submission to the Presidium.
向主席团提交。