- Fund through 2%tax on programs of record assigned to a PEO
- OPR: SAF/SQ| - Fund through $2 \% \operatorname{tax}$ on programs of record assigned to a PEO |
| :--- |
| - OPR: SAF/SQ |
Action Area Means Funding and Responsibility
Requirements: Integrate commercial capabilities early in definition of requirements - Start with the question: "How can I use what is available?" Explore commercial capabilities upfront vs late in the process - OPR: JCS/J8 (lead) and the Military Services
Development: Create a strategic funding increase (STRATFI)-like program to enable PEOs to leverage emerging and developing commercial capabilities in Program of Record efforts. STRATFI efforts funded by SBIR funds and limited to small business - Assign all PEOs responsibility for executing Commercial Capability Funding Initiative (CCAPFI (akin to STRATFI)) efforts. Forming partnerships with commercial providers which leverage private investment sharing "- Fund through 2%tax on programs of record assigned to a PEO
- OPR: SAF/SQ"| Action Area | Means | Funding and Responsibility |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Requirements: Integrate commercial capabilities early in definition of requirements | - Start with the question: "How can I use what is available?" Explore commercial capabilities upfront vs late in the process | - OPR: JCS/J8 (lead) and the Military Services |
| Development: Create a strategic funding increase (STRATFI)-like program to enable PEOs to leverage emerging and developing commercial capabilities in Program of Record efforts. STRATFI efforts funded by SBIR funds and limited to small business | - Assign all PEOs responsibility for executing Commercial Capability Funding Initiative (CCAPFI (akin to STRATFI)) efforts. Forming partnerships with commercial providers which leverage private investment sharing | - Fund through $2 \% \operatorname{tax}$ on programs of record assigned to a PEO <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ |
- Broaden inclusion of Commercial Space in TTXs, exercises, across the spectrum of live, virtual, and constructive
- Create and maintain digital twins for commercial space integration
- Leverage results of Red Team vulnerability assessments to improve resiliency| - Broaden inclusion of Commercial Space in TTXs, exercises, across the spectrum of live, virtual, and constructive |
| :--- |
| - Create and maintain digital twins for commercial space integration |
| - Leverage results of Red Team vulnerability assessments to improve resiliency |
- OPR: SWAC lead for integrating commercial capabilities in all analyses
- OPR: USSPACECOM lead in incorporating into exercises
- OPR: USSF allocate budget exclusively for integrating commercial Space into TTXs, exercises, training
- OPR: SAF/SQ include commercial space systems in digital enterprise tools and environment| - OPR: SWAC lead for integrating commercial capabilities in all analyses |
| :--- |
| - OPR: USSPACECOM lead in incorporating into exercises |
| - OPR: USSF allocate budget exclusively for integrating commercial Space into TTXs, exercises, training |
| - OPR: SAF/SQ include commercial space systems in digital enterprise tools and environment |
- Initial responsibility assigned to SCO with longer term objective for SAF/SQ and CSO decision on reassignment within the USSF
- DoD PE funding line of $XXXM (TBD)
- OPR: USD(R&E)| - Initial responsibility assigned to SCO with longer term objective for SAF/SQ and CSO decision on reassignment within the USSF |
| :--- |
| - DoD PE funding line of $XXXM (TBD) |
| - OPR: USD(R&E) |
- Pilot: Implement a working capital funding approach for wideband SATCOM where both USSF MILSATCOM operations, support, and commercial services contracts are funded. Leverage the already established working capital fund efforts in commercial SATCOM today. Target 2025.
- Expand pilot to tactical ISR and space domain awareness| - Pilot: Implement a working capital funding approach for wideband SATCOM where both USSF MILSATCOM operations, support, and commercial services contracts are funded. Leverage the already established working capital fund efforts in commercial SATCOM today. Target 2025. |
| :--- |
| - Expand pilot to tactical ISR and space domain awareness |
- DoD engage agency counterparts to streamline certification of user equipment (terminals) for both commercial and military use
- DoD engage FCC to improve spectrum management
- DoD outline framework for "signals as a service" to be implemented with commercial providers| - DoD engage agency counterparts to streamline certification of user equipment (terminals) for both commercial and military use |
| :--- |
| - DoD engage FCC to improve spectrum management |
| - DoD outline framework for "signals as a service" to be implemented with commercial providers |
- OPR:国家航天委员会秘书- OPR:国防部首席信息官
- OPR: National Space Council Secretary
- OPR: DoD CIO| - OPR: National Space Council Secretary |
| :--- |
| - OPR: DoD CIO |
Action Area Means Funding and Responsibility
Test & Evaluation: In every TTX, exercise, and evaluation where Space capabilities are applied, include commercial space capabilities as well "- Broaden inclusion of Commercial Space in TTXs, exercises, across the spectrum of live, virtual, and constructive
- Create and maintain digital twins for commercial space integration
- Leverage results of Red Team vulnerability assessments to improve resiliency" "- OPR: SWAC lead for integrating commercial capabilities in all analyses
- OPR: USSPACECOM lead in incorporating into exercises
- OPR: USSF allocate budget exclusively for integrating commercial Space into TTXs, exercises, training
- OPR: SAF/SQ include commercial space systems in digital enterprise tools and environment"
Operations: Create dedicated efforts to integrate existing commercial space capabilities into operations - Create the equivalent of Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities (TENCAP) for Commercial Space (e.g., Technical Exploitation of Commercial Capabilities) with a separate program element (PE) for funding "- Initial responsibility assigned to SCO with longer term objective for SAF/SQ and CSO decision on reassignment within the USSF
- DoD PE funding line of $XXXM (TBD)
- OPR: USD(R&E)"
Sustainment and Support: Implement seamless and flexible funding to support operations of integrated capabilities by using a working capital fund approach to supporting both DoD and commercial services "- Pilot: Implement a working capital funding approach for wideband SATCOM where both USSF MILSATCOM operations, support, and commercial services contracts are funded. Leverage the already established working capital fund efforts in commercial SATCOM today. Target 2025.
- Expand pilot to tactical ISR and space domain awareness" - OPR: USD(A&S)
Interagency Collaboration: Initiate interagency effort on the spectrum and terminal certification efforts to streamline policy for joint approval process "- DoD engage agency counterparts to streamline certification of user equipment (terminals) for both commercial and military use
- DoD engage FCC to improve spectrum management
- DoD outline framework for "signals as a service" to be implemented with commercial providers" "- OPR: National Space Council Secretary
- OPR: DoD CIO"| Action Area | Means | Funding and Responsibility |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Test & Evaluation: In every TTX, exercise, and evaluation where Space capabilities are applied, include commercial space capabilities as well | - Broaden inclusion of Commercial Space in TTXs, exercises, across the spectrum of live, virtual, and constructive <br> - Create and maintain digital twins for commercial space integration <br> - Leverage results of Red Team vulnerability assessments to improve resiliency | - OPR: SWAC lead for integrating commercial capabilities in all analyses <br> - OPR: USSPACECOM lead in incorporating into exercises <br> - OPR: USSF allocate budget exclusively for integrating commercial Space into TTXs, exercises, training <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ include commercial space systems in digital enterprise tools and environment |
| Operations: Create dedicated efforts to integrate existing commercial space capabilities into operations | - Create the equivalent of Tactical Exploitation of National Capabilities (TENCAP) for Commercial Space (e.g., Technical Exploitation of Commercial Capabilities) with a separate program element (PE) for funding | - Initial responsibility assigned to SCO with longer term objective for SAF/SQ and CSO decision on reassignment within the USSF <br> - DoD PE funding line of $XXXM (TBD) <br> - OPR: USD(R&E) |
| Sustainment and Support: Implement seamless and flexible funding to support operations of integrated capabilities by using a working capital fund approach to supporting both DoD and commercial services | - Pilot: Implement a working capital funding approach for wideband SATCOM where both USSF MILSATCOM operations, support, and commercial services contracts are funded. Leverage the already established working capital fund efforts in commercial SATCOM today. Target 2025. <br> - Expand pilot to tactical ISR and space domain awareness | - OPR: USD(A&S) |
| Interagency Collaboration: Initiate interagency effort on the spectrum and terminal certification efforts to streamline policy for joint approval process | - DoD engage agency counterparts to streamline certification of user equipment (terminals) for both commercial and military use <br> - DoD engage FCC to improve spectrum management <br> - DoD outline framework for "signals as a service" to be implemented with commercial providers | - OPR: National Space Council Secretary <br> - OPR: DoD CIO |
- USSPACECOM and Joint Staff adapt existing analysis and force planning efforts to fully integrate commercial services capabilities
- In requirements definition, start with the question: "How can I use what is there today?"| - USSPACECOM and Joint Staff adapt existing analysis and force planning efforts to fully integrate commercial services capabilities |
| :--- |
| - In requirements definition, start with the question: "How can I use what is there today?" |
- OPR:美国航天司令部(铅)、JSC/J8、JCS/J5
编程
- OSD 采用现有分析技术以完全集成商业服务能力- CAPE 和 SAF 修改成本估算方法,包括生命周期成本核算,以完全集成商业空间能力
- OSD adapt existing analysis techniques to fully integrate commercial services capabilities
- CAPE and SAF modify cost estimating approaches, to include lifecycle costing, to fully integrate commercial space capabilities| - OSD adapt existing analysis techniques to fully integrate commercial services capabilities |
| :--- |
| - CAPE and SAF modify cost estimating approaches, to include lifecycle costing, to fully integrate commercial space capabilities |
- See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing working capital funding for space services
- See recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI
- Move to mission area vs platform budgeting. Explore reallocation to more operations and management (O&M) funding to support the enduring relationships and management of services/functions (vs buying platforms)| - See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing working capital funding for space services |
| :--- |
| - See recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI |
| - Move to mission area vs platform budgeting. Explore reallocation to more operations and management (O&M) funding to support the enduring relationships and management of services/functions (vs buying platforms) |
- See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI
- Pursue capability area budgeting vs individual programs of record to provide funding flexibility in year of execution
- Pursue OMB and Congressional approval to enter into long term service agreements
- Initiate training courses for USSF personnel about commercial business and the tools needed to integrate into operations (e.g., Commercial Acq-101)
- Continue to pursue opportunities to streamline and accelerate DoD acquisition processes| - See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI |
| :--- |
| - Pursue capability area budgeting vs individual programs of record to provide funding flexibility in year of execution |
| - Pursue OMB and Congressional approval to enter into long term service agreements |
| - Initiate training courses for USSF personnel about commercial business and the tools needed to integrate into operations (e.g., Commercial Acq-101) |
| - Continue to pursue opportunities to streamline and accelerate DoD acquisition processes |
- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S)
- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), OSD/COMP, SAF/FM
- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S)
- OPR: Space Training and Readiness Command (lead), SAF/SQ (lead for acquisition processes)| - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S) |
| :--- |
| - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), OSD/COMP, SAF/FM |
| - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S) |
| - OPR: Space Training and Readiness Command (lead), SAF/SQ (lead for acquisition processes) |
Action Area Means Funding and Responsibility
Planning "- USSPACECOM and Joint Staff adapt existing analysis and force planning efforts to fully integrate commercial services capabilities
- In requirements definition, start with the question: "How can I use what is there today?"" - OPR: USSPACECOM (lead), JSC/J8, JCS/J5
Programming "- OSD adapt existing analysis techniques to fully integrate commercial services capabilities
- CAPE and SAF modify cost estimating approaches, to include lifecycle costing, to fully integrate commercial space capabilities" "- OPR: OSD/CAPE
- OPR: OSD/CAPE (lead), SAF/FM, SAF/SQ, USSF/S8"
Budgeting "- See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing working capital funding for space services
- See recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI
- Move to mission area vs platform budgeting. Explore reallocation to more operations and management (O&M) funding to support the enduring relationships and management of services/functions (vs buying platforms)" "- OPR: OSD/COMP (lead), USD(A&S), SAF/FM
- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), SAF/FM
- OPR: OSD/COMP (lead), USD(A&S), SAF/SQ, SAF/FM"
Acquisition "- See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI
- Pursue capability area budgeting vs individual programs of record to provide funding flexibility in year of execution
- Pursue OMB and Congressional approval to enter into long term service agreements
- Initiate training courses for USSF personnel about commercial business and the tools needed to integrate into operations (e.g., Commercial Acq-101)
- Continue to pursue opportunities to streamline and accelerate DoD acquisition processes" "- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S)
- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), OSD/COMP, SAF/FM
- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S)
- OPR: Space Training and Readiness Command (lead), SAF/SQ (lead for acquisition processes)"| Action Area | Means | Funding and Responsibility |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Planning | - USSPACECOM and Joint Staff adapt existing analysis and force planning efforts to fully integrate commercial services capabilities <br> - In requirements definition, start with the question: "How can I use what is there today?" | - OPR: USSPACECOM (lead), JSC/J8, JCS/J5 |
| Programming | - OSD adapt existing analysis techniques to fully integrate commercial services capabilities <br> - CAPE and SAF modify cost estimating approaches, to include lifecycle costing, to fully integrate commercial space capabilities | - OPR: OSD/CAPE <br> - OPR: OSD/CAPE (lead), SAF/FM, SAF/SQ, USSF/S8 |
| Budgeting | - See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing working capital funding for space services <br> - See recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI <br> - Move to mission area vs platform budgeting. Explore reallocation to more operations and management (O&M) funding to support the enduring relationships and management of services/functions (vs buying platforms) | - OPR: OSD/COMP (lead), USD(A&S), SAF/FM <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), SAF/FM <br> - OPR: OSD/COMP (lead), USD(A&S), SAF/SQ, SAF/FM |
| Acquisition | - See Recommendation 1 with respect to establishing a CCAPFI <br> - Pursue capability area budgeting vs individual programs of record to provide funding flexibility in year of execution <br> - Pursue OMB and Congressional approval to enter into long term service agreements <br> - Initiate training courses for USSF personnel about commercial business and the tools needed to integrate into operations (e.g., Commercial Acq-101) <br> - Continue to pursue opportunities to streamline and accelerate DoD acquisition processes | - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S) <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), OSD/COMP, SAF/FM <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), USD(A&S) <br> - OPR: Space Training and Readiness Command (lead), SAF/SQ (lead for acquisition processes) |
- Initiate efforts to get security clearances for existing and emerging commercial service providers, to include facility clearances
- Expand capacity of existing information sharing forums
- Broaden the DARPA BRIDGES model for initiating clearances process for companies in targeted technical sectors| - Initiate efforts to get security clearances for existing and emerging commercial service providers, to include facility clearances |
| :--- |
| - Expand capacity of existing information sharing forums |
| - Broaden the DARPA BRIDGES model for initiating clearances process for companies in targeted technical sectors |
- Implement vulnerability assessment red teams with select existing providers as a pilot. Expand to others
- Incorporate lessons learned as quality-of-service requirements in service-level agreements with commercial service providers
- SAF/SQ and USSF apply lessons learned to the present and future supply chain| - Implement vulnerability assessment red teams with select existing providers as a pilot. Expand to others |
| :--- |
| - Incorporate lessons learned as quality-of-service requirements in service-level agreements with commercial service providers |
| - SAF/SQ and USSF apply lessons learned to the present and future supply chain |
- OPR:美国空军红队 - OPR:SAF/SQ - OPR:SAF/SQ
- OPR: USAF Red Team
- OPR: SAF/SQ
- OPR: SAF/SQ| - OPR: USAF Red Team |
| :--- |
| - OPR: SAF/SQ |
| - OPR: SAF/SQ |
浪涌能力
- 在商业服务合同中预先将激增容量和地理覆盖要求作为服务水平协议中的服务质量要求纳入
- OPR:SAF/SQ(合同)和 USSPACECOM(要求)
Action Area Means OPR/Funding
Improve Information Sharing "- Initiate efforts to get security clearances for existing and emerging commercial service providers, to include facility clearances
- Expand capacity of existing information sharing forums
- Broaden the DARPA BRIDGES model for initiating clearances process for companies in targeted technical sectors" "- OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency
- OPR: SPACECOM (lead), IC (NRO, NGA)
- OPR: Initially DARPA; OUSD(R&E) and CSO considering assigning to USSF"
Conduct Vulnerability Assessments "- Implement vulnerability assessment red teams with select existing providers as a pilot. Expand to others
- Incorporate lessons learned as quality-of-service requirements in service-level agreements with commercial service providers
- SAF/SQ and USSF apply lessons learned to the present and future supply chain" "- OPR: USAF Red Team
- OPR: SAF/SQ
- OPR: SAF/SQ"
Surge Capability - Incorporate surge capacity and geographic coverage requirements upfront in commercial services contracts as quality-of-service requirements in service level agreements - OPR: SAF/SQ (contracts) and USSPACECOM (requirements)| Action Area | Means | OPR/Funding |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Improve Information Sharing | - Initiate efforts to get security clearances for existing and emerging commercial service providers, to include facility clearances <br> - Expand capacity of existing information sharing forums <br> - Broaden the DARPA BRIDGES model for initiating clearances process for companies in targeted technical sectors | - OPR: SAF/SQ (lead), Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency <br> - OPR: SPACECOM (lead), IC (NRO, NGA) <br> - OPR: Initially DARPA; OUSD(R&E) and CSO considering assigning to USSF |
| Conduct Vulnerability Assessments | - Implement vulnerability assessment red teams with select existing providers as a pilot. Expand to others <br> - Incorporate lessons learned as quality-of-service requirements in service-level agreements with commercial service providers <br> - SAF/SQ and USSF apply lessons learned to the present and future supply chain | - OPR: USAF Red Team <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ <br> - OPR: SAF/SQ |
| Surge Capability | - Incorporate surge capacity and geographic coverage requirements upfront in commercial services contracts as quality-of-service requirements in service level agreements | - OPR: SAF/SQ (contracts) and USSPACECOM (requirements) |
Anti-trust market forces/pricing schemes can emerge.
Stagnation in technical innovation if government does not continue to "buy"| Anti-trust market forces/pricing schemes can emerge. |
| :--- |
| Stagnation in technical innovation if government does not continue to "buy" |
对成熟市场的新兴颠覆性能力
LEO 服务激增
投资者和/或早期客户,一些独特的要求
政府为占主导地位的供应商做出贡献,可能导致垄断
如果没有政府在某种程度上“购买”,市场就不会发展到适当的规模
没有既定的市场或政府能力
在轨维修
投资者、锚定客户、独特要求
政府要求如此独特,以至于商业市场永远无法发展
缺乏需求信号会延迟商业应用(构建它,它们就会来,例如 GPS)
Market Example Government Role Risk of Government Involvement Risk of NO Government Involvement
Established commercial market GEO SATCOM Regulator, customer, some unique requirements Minimal, commercial market forces dominate DoD missions can mature orthogonally to commercial trends if no interaction/ relationship
Emerging market from traditional governmentonly mission ISR (EO, radar, RF) Regulator, anchor tenant, strong demand signal Competition for government contract drives commercial business case. Government regulation prevents international competitiveness "Anti-trust market forces/pricing schemes can emerge.
Stagnation in technical innovation if government does not continue to "buy""
Emerging disruptive capability to an established market Proliferated LEO services Investor and/or early customer, some unique requirements Government contributes to a dominant supplier, potentially leading to a monopoly Market does not develop to proper scale without government "buy" at some level
No established market or government capability On orbit servicing Investor, anchor customer, unique requirements Government requirements so unique that commercial market never develops Lack of a demand signal delays commercial application (build it and they will come, e.g., GPS)| Market | Example | Government Role | Risk of Government Involvement | Risk of NO Government Involvement |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Established commercial market | GEO SATCOM | Regulator, customer, some unique requirements | Minimal, commercial market forces dominate | DoD missions can mature orthogonally to commercial trends if no interaction/ relationship |
| Emerging market from traditional governmentonly mission | ISR (EO, radar, RF) | Regulator, anchor tenant, strong demand signal | Competition for government contract drives commercial business case. Government regulation prevents international competitiveness | Anti-trust market forces/pricing schemes can emerge. <br> Stagnation in technical innovation if government does not continue to "buy" |
| Emerging disruptive capability to an established market | Proliferated LEO services | Investor and/or early customer, some unique requirements | Government contributes to a dominant supplier, potentially leading to a monopoly | Market does not develop to proper scale without government "buy" at some level |
| No established market or government capability | On orbit servicing | Investor, anchor customer, unique requirements | Government requirements so unique that commercial market never develops | Lack of a demand signal delays commercial application (build it and they will come, e.g., GPS) |
Elizabeth Kowalski 女士,DSB 执行董事 Kevin Doxey 先生,DSB 执行董事(前) Troy Techau 博士,指定联邦官员 (DFO)
学习支持
Robert Kolterman 先生,上汽集团 Mark Brophy 先生,上汽集团
Members
Mr. Mike Appelbaum Dr. Daniel Hastings
Ms. Kari Bingen Dr. Paul Kaminski
Mr. D. Marshall Brenizer Mr. John Paul (JP) Parker
Dr. Alison Brown Dr. Dhanurjay "DJ" Patil
Mr. James Carlini Dr. Brad Tousley
Ms. Laetitia de Cayeux
Government Advisors
Mr. Tom Ainsworth, OSD Strategic Capabilities Office
Executive Secretary
Dr. Lindsay Millard
Defense Science Board Secretariat
Ms. Elizabeth Kowalski, DSB Executive Director Mr. Kevin Doxey, DSB Executive Director (former) Dr. Troy Techau, Designated Federal Officer (DFO)
Study Support
Mr. Robert Kolterman, SAIC Mr. Mark Brophy, SAIC | Members | |
| :--- | :--- |
| Mr. Mike Appelbaum | Dr. Daniel Hastings |
| Ms. Kari Bingen | Dr. Paul Kaminski |
| Mr. D. Marshall Brenizer | Mr. John Paul (JP) Parker |
| Dr. Alison Brown | Dr. Dhanurjay "DJ" Patil |
| Mr. James Carlini | Dr. Brad Tousley |
| Ms. Laetitia de Cayeux | |
| Government Advisors | |
| Mr. Tom Ainsworth, OSD Strategic Capabilities Office | |
| Executive Secretary | |
| Dr. Lindsay Millard | |
| Defense Science Board Secretariat | |
| Ms. Elizabeth Kowalski, DSB Executive Director Mr. Kevin Doxey, DSB Executive Director (former) Dr. Troy Techau, Designated Federal Officer (DFO) | |
| Study Support | |
| Mr. Robert Kolterman, SAIC Mr. Mark Brophy, SAIC | |
AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory
CD commercial development
C4ISR Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)
Cl commercial innovation
COMSATCOM commercial satellite communications
CP commercial product
CRAF Commercial Reserve Air Fleet
CS commercial service
DIA Defense Intelligence Agency
DoD Department of Defense
DSB Defense Science Board
GEO geosynchronous earth orbit
GEOINT geospatial intelligence
ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NRO National Reconnaissance Office
OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense
SAF Secretary of the Air Force
SAF/SQ Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space Acquisition and Integration
SATCOM satellite communications
SCO Strategic Capabilities Office
SDA Space Development Agency
SSC/COMSO Space Systems Command Commercial Space Office
STRATFI Strategic Funding Increase
SWAC Space Warfighting Analysis Center
UAS unmanned arial system
USD(A&S) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment
USD(C) Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
USD(R&E) Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering
USG United States Government
USSF U.S. Space Force
WCF working capital fund| AFRL | Air Force Research Laboratory |
| :--- | :--- |
| CD | commercial development |
| C4ISR | Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) |
| Cl | commercial innovation |
| COMSATCOM | commercial satellite communications |
| CP | commercial product |
| CRAF | Commercial Reserve Air Fleet |
| CS | commercial service |
| DIA | Defense Intelligence Agency |
| DoD | Department of Defense |
| DSB | Defense Science Board |
| GEO | geosynchronous earth orbit |
| GEOINT | geospatial intelligence |
| ISR | intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance |
| NGA | National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |
| NRO | National Reconnaissance Office |
| OSD | Office of the Secretary of Defense |
| SAF | Secretary of the Air Force |
| SAF/SQ | Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space Acquisition and Integration |
| SATCOM | satellite communications |
| SCO | Strategic Capabilities Office |
| SDA | Space Development Agency |
| SSC/COMSO | Space Systems Command Commercial Space Office |
| STRATFI | Strategic Funding Increase |
| SWAC | Space Warfighting Analysis Center |
| UAS | unmanned arial system |
| USD(A&S) | Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment |
| USD(C) | Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) |
| USD(R&E) | Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering |
| USG | United States Government |
| USSF | U.S. Space Force |
| WCF | working capital fund |