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Rigpa UK - Teachings by Sogyal Rinpoche (excerpts from Glimpse after Glimpse) in Units One, Four, and Nine.
Sakya Centre - Teaching by H. H. Sakya Trizin (excerpt from Interviews with His Holiness Sakya Trizin: A Buddhist Essence Teaching) in Unit Three.
Grove/Atlantic, Inc. - Teachings by Zen Master Bankei (excerpts from Peter Haskel's translation Bankei Zen, copyright 1984) in Units Five and Ten. Teachings by Zen Master Huang Po (excerpts from John Blofeld's translation The Zen Teaching of Huang Po, copyright 1958) in Units Six and Twelve.
Penguin Putnam Inc. and Shohaku Okumura Teaching by Kosho Uchiyama Roshi (excerpt from Shohaku Okumura and Tom Wright's translation Opening the Hand of Thought) in Unit Seven.
Dharma Publishing - Teaching by Tharthang Tulku (excerpt from Gesture of Balance) in Unit Eight.
State University of New York And Matthieu Ricard Teaching by Shabkar Tsogdruk Rangdrol (excerpt from Matthieu Ricard's translation The Life of Shabkar, copyright 1994) in Unit Eleven.| Rigpa UK - | Teachings by Sogyal Rinpoche (excerpts from Glimpse after Glimpse) in Units One, Four, and Nine. |
| :--- | :--- |
| Sakya Centre - | Teaching by H. H. Sakya Trizin (excerpt from Interviews with His Holiness Sakya Trizin: A Buddhist Essence Teaching) in Unit Three. |
| Grove/Atlantic, Inc. - | Teachings by Zen Master Bankei (excerpts from Peter Haskel's translation Bankei Zen, copyright 1984) in Units Five and Ten. Teachings by Zen Master Huang Po (excerpts from John Blofeld's translation The Zen Teaching of Huang Po, copyright 1958) in Units Six and Twelve. |
| Penguin Putnam Inc. and Shohaku Okumura | Teaching by Kosho Uchiyama Roshi (excerpt from Shohaku Okumura and Tom Wright's translation Opening the Hand of Thought) in Unit Seven. |
| Dharma Publishing - | Teaching by Tharthang Tulku (excerpt from Gesture of Balance) in Unit Eight. |
| State University of New York And Matthieu Ricard | Teaching by Shabkar Tsogdruk Rangdrol (excerpt from Matthieu Ricard's translation The Life of Shabkar, copyright 1994) in Unit Eleven. |
Sogyal Rinpoche (In Units One, Four and Nine) Nyingma master Tibet
H.H. Sakya Trizin (In Unit Three) Sakya master Tibet
Zen Master Bankei (In Units Five and Ten) Rinzai Zen master Japan
Zen Master Huang Po (In Units Six and Twelve) Zen master China
Kosho Uchiyama Roshi (In Unit Seven) Soto Zen master Japan
Tharthang Tulku (In Unit Eight) Nyingma master Tibet
Shabkar Tsogdruk Rangdrol (In Unit Eleven) Nyingma master Tibet| Sogyal Rinpoche (In Units One, Four and Nine) | Nyingma master | Tibet |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| H.H. Sakya Trizin (In Unit Three) | Sakya master | Tibet |
| Zen Master Bankei (In Units Five and Ten) | Rinzai Zen master | Japan |
| Zen Master Huang Po (In Units Six and Twelve) | Zen master | China |
| Kosho Uchiyama Roshi (In Unit Seven) | Soto Zen master | Japan |
| Tharthang Tulku (In Unit Eight) | Nyingma master | Tibet |
| Shabkar Tsogdruk Rangdrol (In Unit Eleven) | Nyingma master | Tibet |
1. Find words and phrases.
2. Find two kinds of questions.
3. "I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking."
4. "I think the idea of karma has been used for centuries to suppress and exploit people"| 1. Find words and phrases. |
| :--- |
| 2. Find two kinds of questions. |
| 3. "I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking." |
| 4. "I think the idea of karma has been used for centuries to suppress and exploit people" |
1. Find words and phrases.
2. "When we practice like this, we do whatever we can to help sentient beings."
3. "Imagine that your left hand accidentally bangs against a table and hurts itself."
4. "So in this case, the right hand neither thinks it should nor tries to help."| 1. Find words and phrases. |
| :--- |
| 2. "When we practice like this, we do whatever we can to help sentient beings." |
| 3. "Imagine that your left hand accidentally bangs against a table and hurts itself." |
| 4. "So in this case, the right hand neither thinks it should nor tries to help." |
理解
内山浩翔的教学
第八单元
第 55 页
Unit Eight
Page 55| Unit Eight |
| :--- |
| Page 55 |
对话
一切现象都只是暂时结合在一起的元素。
练习要点
1. 查找单词或短语。
2.“好吧,我给你举个例子。看看这个杯子。它是由什么制成的?”
1. Find words or phrases.
2. "O.K. I'll give you an example. Look at this cup. What is it made of?"| 1. Find words or phrases. |
| :--- |
| 2. "O.K. I'll give you an example. Look at this cup. What is it made of?" |
3.“与其坐在山上打坐念经,不如去这些地方帮助这些人,不是更好吗?”
理解
塔唐祖古的教诲
Unit Five Page 31
Dialogue Suffering exists because of delusion and ignorance.
Practice Points 4. "The king was very unhappy about this, but the Buddha said to him, 'O king of men, a female child may prove an even better offspring than a male.""
Comprehension A teaching by Zen Master Bankei
Unit Six ------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 39
Dialogue "Karma" literally means action.
Practice Points "1. Find words and phrases.
2. Find two kinds of questions.
3. "I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking."
4. "I think the idea of karma has been used for centuries to suppress and exploit people""
Comprehension A teaching by Zen Master Huang Po
Unit Seven ---------------------------------------------------------------- Page 47
Dialogue Bodhicitta actually has two aspects: relative and absolute.
Practice Points "1. Find words and phrases.
2. "When we practice like this, we do whatever we can to help sentient beings."
3. "Imagine that your left hand accidentally bangs against a table and hurts itself."
4. "So in this case, the right hand neither thinks it should nor tries to help.""
Comprehension A teaching by Kosho Uchiyama Roshi
"Unit Eight
Page 55"
Dialogue All phenomena are merely elements that temporarily bind together.
Practice Points "1. Find words or phrases.
2. "O.K. I'll give you an example. Look at this cup. What is it made of?""
3. "Wouldn't it be better to go to these places and help these people rather than sitting on a mountain meditating and chanting sutras?"
Comprehension A teaching by Tarthang Tulku| Unit Five | Page 31 |
| :--- | :--- |
| Dialogue | Suffering exists because of delusion and ignorance. |
| Practice Points | 4. "The king was very unhappy about this, but the Buddha said to him, 'O king of men, a female child may prove an even better offspring than a male."" |
| Comprehension | A teaching by Zen Master Bankei |
| Unit Six ------------------------------------------------------------------ Page 39 | |
| Dialogue | "Karma" literally means action. |
| Practice Points | 1. Find words and phrases. <br> 2. Find two kinds of questions. <br> 3. "I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking." <br> 4. "I think the idea of karma has been used for centuries to suppress and exploit people" |
| Comprehension | A teaching by Zen Master Huang Po |
| Unit Seven ---------------------------------------------------------------- Page 47 | |
| Dialogue | Bodhicitta actually has two aspects: relative and absolute. |
| Practice Points | 1. Find words and phrases. <br> 2. "When we practice like this, we do whatever we can to help sentient beings." <br> 3. "Imagine that your left hand accidentally bangs against a table and hurts itself." <br> 4. "So in this case, the right hand neither thinks it should nor tries to help." |
| Comprehension | A teaching by Kosho Uchiyama Roshi |
| Unit Eight <br> Page 55 | |
| Dialogue | All phenomena are merely elements that temporarily bind together. |
| Practice Points | 1. Find words or phrases. <br> 2. "O.K. I'll give you an example. Look at this cup. What is it made of?" |
| | 3. "Wouldn't it be better to go to these places and help these people rather than sitting on a mountain meditating and chanting sutras?" |
| Comprehension | A teaching by Tarthang Tulku |
You can also reply
Yes, here's my registration card.
The following dialogue is also possible:
Receptionist: Is this your first visit?
Jen Hwa: Yes, it is.
or
No, here's my registration card.| You can also reply |
| :--- |
| Yes, here's my registration card. |
| The following dialogue is also possible: |
| Receptionist: Is this your first visit? |
| Jen Hwa: Yes, it is. |
| |
| or |
| No, here's my registration card. |
练习 2
Jen Hwa:嗯,我今天早上醒来感觉很糟糕。
笔记:
当我今天早上醒来时,我感觉很糟糕。
我今天早上醒来感觉很糟糕。
Note:
When I woke up this morning, I felt terrible.
I woke up this morning feeling terrible.| Note: |
| :---: |
| When I woke up this morning, I felt terrible. |
| I woke up this morning feeling terrible. |
Note:
I was very weak. I almost couldn't get out of bed. longrightarrowquad I was almost too weak to get out of bed.
It's very noisy. I can't hear what you are saying. longrightarrow It's too noisy to hear what you are saying.| Note: | |
| :--- | :--- |
| I was very weak. I almost couldn't get out of bed. | $\longrightarrow \quad$ I was almost too weak to get out of bed. |
| It's very noisy. I can't hear what you are saying. | $\longrightarrow$ It's too noisy to hear what you are saying. |
现在你尝试
看看上面的例子,并以相同的方式组合以下句子:
天气很热,我睡不着。
这座山非常陡峭,我爬不上去。
我真的很累,走不动了。
这张桌子太重了,我搬不动它。
这里有很多东西。我们无法全部看到。
(学生继续自己造句。)
练习 4
医生 :qquad\qquad保持温暖,多喝水,充分休息。
现在你尝试:
其他有用的词汇:
查看下面的疾病并建议采取适当的措施:
1.背痛;2.高血压;
3.肝炎;4.胃痛;
5.腹泻
(学生继续自己造句。)
Look at the ailments below and suggest appropriate things to do:
1. backache; 2. high blood pressure;
3. hepatitis; 4. stomachache;
5. diarrhea
(Students continue by making sentences on their own.)| Look at the ailments below and suggest appropriate things to do: |
| :--- |
| 1. backache; 2. high blood pressure; |
| 3. hepatitis; 4. stomachache; |
| 5. diarrhea |
| (Students continue by making sentences on their own.) |
避免:例如避免吃油腻的食物。
服用:例如服用藏药。
停留:例如,呆在床上。
不要:例如不要靠近其他人。
Avoid: e.g. avoid oily food.
Take: e.g. take Tibetan medicine.
Stay: e.g. stay in bed.
Don't: e.g. don't go near other people.| Avoid: e.g. avoid oily food. |
| :--- |
| Take: e.g. take Tibetan medicine. |
| Stay: e.g. stay in bed. |
| Don't: e.g. don't go near other people. |
Now you try: Other useful vocabulary:
"Look at the ailments below and suggest appropriate things to do:
1. backache; 2. high blood pressure;
3. hepatitis; 4. stomachache;
5. diarrhea
(Students continue by making sentences on their own.)" "Avoid: e.g. avoid oily food.
Take: e.g. take Tibetan medicine.
Stay: e.g. stay in bed.
Don't: e.g. don't go near other people."
| Now you try: | Other useful vocabulary: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at the ailments below and suggest appropriate things to do: <br> 1. backache; 2. high blood pressure; <br> 3. hepatitis; 4. stomachache; <br> 5. diarrhea <br> (Students continue by making sentences on their own.) | Avoid: e.g. avoid oily food. <br> Take: e.g. take Tibetan medicine. <br> Stay: e.g. stay in bed. <br> Don't: e.g. don't go near other people. |
| | |
Now you try
Look at the examples on the right and make similar dialogues using the words below:
Hong Kong? --- Singapore.
Sri Lankan food? --- Indian food.
American food? --- British food.
Japanese (appearance)? --- Chinese.| Now you try |
| :--- |
| Look at the examples on the right and make similar dialogues using the words below: |
| Hong Kong? --- Singapore. |
| Sri Lankan food? --- Indian food. |
| American food? --- British food. |
| Japanese (appearance)? --- Chinese. |
笔记:
有点像
例子:
梨有点像苹果。
或
梨和苹果很相似。
对话形式:
A:梨像什么?
B:它们有点像苹果。
练习 3
何云:……有点像衣服。
现在你尝试
不可数名词。其他一些不可数名词包括水、糖、沙子、面粉、盐、钱等。
查看右边的例子,并在下面的空白处插入正确的单词:
1. 我想购买qquad\qquad书。
2. 我要买qquad\qquad糖。
3. 我非常想qquad\qquad汁。
4. 我没有qquad\qquad钱。
5. 有qquad\qquad海水。
6. 多少钱qquad\qquad一杯牛奶。
7. 有qquad\qquad尼泊尔的高楼大厦。
8. 我们不应该吃太多qquad\qquad盐。
Look at the examples on the right and insert the correct word in the blank spaces below:
1. I want to buy qquad book.
2. I'm going to buy qquad sugar.
3. I'd really like qquad juice.
4. I don't have qquad money.
5. There is qquad water in the sea.
6. How much is qquad glass of milk.
7. There are qquad tall buildings in Nepal.
8. We shouldn't eat too qquad salt.| Look at the examples on the right and insert the correct word in the blank spaces below: |
| :--- |
| 1. I want to buy $\qquad$ book. |
| 2. I'm going to buy $\qquad$ sugar. |
| 3. I'd really like $\qquad$ juice. |
| 4. I don't have $\qquad$ money. |
| 5. There is $\qquad$ water in the sea. |
| 6. How much is $\qquad$ glass of milk. |
| 7. There are $\qquad$ tall buildings in Nepal. |
| 8. We shouldn't eat too $\qquad$ salt. |
Now you try uncountable noun. Some other uncountable nouns are water, sugar, sand, flour, salt, money, etc.
"Look at the examples on the right and insert the correct word in the blank spaces below:
1. I want to buy qquad book.
2. I'm going to buy qquad sugar.
3. I'd really like qquad juice.
4. I don't have qquad money.
5. There is qquad water in the sea.
6. How much is qquad glass of milk.
7. There are qquad tall buildings in Nepal.
8. We shouldn't eat too qquad salt." | Now you try | uncountable noun. Some other uncountable nouns are water, sugar, sand, flour, salt, money, etc. |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at the examples on the right and insert the correct word in the blank spaces below: <br> 1. I want to buy $\qquad$ book. <br> 2. I'm going to buy $\qquad$ sugar. <br> 3. I'd really like $\qquad$ juice. <br> 4. I don't have $\qquad$ money. <br> 5. There is $\qquad$ water in the sea. <br> 6. How much is $\qquad$ glass of milk. <br> 7. There are $\qquad$ tall buildings in Nepal. <br> 8. We shouldn't eat too $\qquad$ salt. | |
It can be the title given to a being. ◻rarr It can be the title given to a being That being has attained realization. who has attained realization.
He's the man.
He lent me the book.
For objects, "that" is used instead of "who".
That's the car.
That's the car that hit my friend.
It hit my friend.| It can be the title given to a being. $\square \rightarrow$ It can be the title given to a being That being has attained realization. who has attained realization. |
| :--- |
| He's the man. |
| He lent me the book. |
| For objects, "that" is used instead of "who". |
| That's the car. |
| That's the car that hit my friend. |
| It hit my friend. |
Note:
"It can be the title given to a being. ◻rarr It can be the title given to a being That being has attained realization. who has attained realization.
He's the man.
He lent me the book.
For objects, "that" is used instead of "who".
That's the car.
That's the car that hit my friend.
It hit my friend."| Note: |
| :--- |
| It can be the title given to a being. $\square \rightarrow$ It can be the title given to a being That being has attained realization. who has attained realization. <br> He's the man. <br> He lent me the book. <br> For objects, "that" is used instead of "who". <br> That's the car. <br> That's the car that hit my friend. <br> It hit my friend. |
Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences (using "when") in the same way:
1. I was driving to Tokyo qquad .
2. I was waiting for a bus qquad .
3. I was in Hong Kong qquad .
4. I was doing a retreat qquad .
5. I was just preparing to leave qquad .
6. qquad it started to rain.
7. qquad my friend arrived.
8. qquad I realized I'd forgotten my money.
9. qquad the sun came out.
10. qquad a rainbow appeared.
(Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.)| Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences (using "when") in the same way: |
| :--- |
| 1. I was driving to Tokyo $\qquad$ . |
| 2. I was waiting for a bus $\qquad$ . |
| 3. I was in Hong Kong $\qquad$ . |
| 4. I was doing a retreat $\qquad$ . |
| 5. I was just preparing to leave $\qquad$ . |
| 6. $\qquad$ it started to rain. |
| 7. $\qquad$ my friend arrived. |
| 8. $\qquad$ I realized I'd forgotten my money. |
| 9. $\qquad$ the sun came out. |
| 10. $\qquad$ a rainbow appeared. |
| (Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.) |
过去进行时后面常常跟“when”。
例子:
我正在洗澡的时候电话响了。
父亲去世时,他住在台北。
The past continuous tense is often followed by "when".
Examples:
I was taking a shower when the telephone rang.
He was living in Taipei when his father died.| The past continuous tense is often followed by "when". |
| :--- |
| Examples: |
| I was taking a shower when the telephone rang. |
| He was living in Taipei when his father died. |
Now you try Note:
"Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences (using "when") in the same way:
1. I was driving to Tokyo qquad .
2. I was waiting for a bus qquad .
3. I was in Hong Kong qquad .
4. I was doing a retreat qquad .
5. I was just preparing to leave qquad .
6. qquad it started to rain.
7. qquad my friend arrived.
8. qquad I realized I'd forgotten my money.
9. qquad the sun came out.
10. qquad a rainbow appeared.
(Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.)" "The past continuous tense is often followed by "when".
Examples:
I was taking a shower when the telephone rang.
He was living in Taipei when his father died."
| Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences (using "when") in the same way: <br> 1. I was driving to Tokyo $\qquad$ . <br> 2. I was waiting for a bus $\qquad$ . <br> 3. I was in Hong Kong $\qquad$ . <br> 4. I was doing a retreat $\qquad$ . <br> 5. I was just preparing to leave $\qquad$ . <br> 6. $\qquad$ it started to rain. <br> 7. $\qquad$ my friend arrived. <br> 8. $\qquad$ I realized I'd forgotten my money. <br> 9. $\qquad$ the sun came out. <br> 10. $\qquad$ a rainbow appeared. <br> (Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.) | The past continuous tense is often followed by "when". <br> Examples: <br> I was taking a shower when the telephone rang. <br> He was living in Taipei when his father died. |
| | |
练习 3
Varavamso:……正是因为我们错误地看待和体验事物,我们才
贪婪之类的烦恼......
笔记:
现在你尝试
查看右边的例子,并以相同的方式改变以下句子:
1. 因为他没有足够的钱,所以他没有买这辆车。
2. 因为下雨,所以我们没有去远足。
3. 由于大雪,航班被取消了。
Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences in the same way:
1. Because he didn't have enough money, he didn't buy the car.
2. Because it was raining, we didn't go for a hike.
3. Because it was snowing hard, the flight was canceled.| Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences in the same way: |
| :--- |
| 1. Because he didn't have enough money, he didn't buy the car. |
| 2. Because it was raining, we didn't go for a hike. |
| 3. Because it was snowing hard, the flight was canceled. |
因为我们对事物的看法不正确,所以才会产生贪婪之类的情绪。
我们产生贪婪之类的情绪,是因为我们错误地看待事物。
(It is) because we see things incorrectly (that) we give rise to emotions like greed.
We give rise to emotions like greed because we see things incorrectly.| (It is) because we see things incorrectly (that) we give rise to emotions like greed. |
| :--- |
| We give rise to emotions like greed because we see things incorrectly. |
afflictions like greed ....
Note:
Now you try
"Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences in the same way:
1. Because he didn't have enough money, he didn't buy the car.
2. Because it was raining, we didn't go for a hike.
3. Because it was snowing hard, the flight was canceled." "(It is) because we see things incorrectly (that) we give rise to emotions like greed.
We give rise to emotions like greed because we see things incorrectly."
| afflictions like greed .... | |
| :--- | :--- |
| | Note: |
| Now you try | |
| Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences in the same way: <br> 1. Because he didn't have enough money, he didn't buy the car. <br> 2. Because it was raining, we didn't go for a hike. <br> 3. Because it was snowing hard, the flight was canceled. | (It is) because we see things incorrectly (that) we give rise to emotions like greed. <br> We give rise to emotions like greed because we see things incorrectly. |
| | |
练习 4
Varavamso:...并且它们被俗人当作依止之物...
笔记:
现在你尝试
看右边的例子,并以同样的方法将下列句子改为被动形式:
◻\square
在家众以它们为依止。
它们被俗人当作依止之物。
◻
Lay people take them as a support.
They are taken by lay people as a support.| $\square$ |
| :--- |
| Lay people take them as a support. |
| They are taken by lay people as a support. |
当主语未知或对句子含义不重要时,最常使用被动形式。
更多示例:
The passive form is most often used when the subject is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence.
Further examples:| The passive form is most often used when the subject is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence. |
| :--- |
| Further examples: |
◻\square
有人偷了我的车。
我的车被偷了。
◻
Someone has stolen my car.
My car has been stolen.| $\square$ |
| :--- |
| Someone has stolen my car. |
| My car has been stolen. |
◻\square
有人忘记关灯了。
灯还亮着。
◻
Someone has left the light on.
The light's been left on.| $\square$ |
| :--- |
| Someone has left the light on. |
| The light's been left on. |
Varavamso: ... and they are taken by lay people as a support .... Note:
Now you try
Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences into the passive form in the same way: "◻
Lay people take them as a support.
They are taken by lay people as a support."
"The passive form is most often used when the subject is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence.
Further examples:"
"◻
Someone has stolen my car.
My car has been stolen."
"◻
Someone has left the light on.
The light's been left on."| Varavamso: ... and they are taken by lay people as a support .... | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| | |
| Now you try | |
| Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences into the passive form in the same way: | $\square$ <br> Lay people take them as a support. <br> They are taken by lay people as a support. |
| | The passive form is most often used when the subject is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence. <br> Further examples: |
| | |
| | $\square$ <br> Someone has stolen my car. <br> My car has been stolen. |
| | |
| | $\square$ <br> Someone has left the light on. <br> The light's been left on. |
Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences in the same way:
1. The governments in some countries are very corrupt, and because of this many people suffer.
2. The monsoon rains didn't come last year, and because of that the crops died.
3. The book was very expensive, and because of that not many people bought it.
4. Yesterday was a national holiday, and because of that all the shops were closed.
5. It snowed very hard last week, and because of that many people couldn't get to work.| Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences in the same way: |
| :--- |
| 1. The governments in some countries are very corrupt, and because of this many people suffer. |
| 2. The monsoon rains didn't come last year, and because of that the crops died. |
| 3. The book was very expensive, and because of that not many people bought it. |
| 4. Yesterday was a national holiday, and because of that all the shops were closed. |
| 5. It snowed very hard last week, and because of that many people couldn't get to work. |
在正式的书面英语中,通常使用“and therefore”代替“and because of this”。
例子:
佛教认为人生是苦的,西方有些人因此批评佛教。
佛教认为人生是苦的,因此西方有些人批评佛教。
In formal and written English, "and therefore" is often used instead of "and because of this."
Examples:
Buddhism states that life is suffering, and because of this some people in the West criticize Buddhism.
Buddhism states that life is suffering, and therefore some people in the West criticize Buddhism.| In formal and written English, "and therefore" is often used instead of "and because of this." |
| :--- |
| Examples: |
| Buddhism states that life is suffering, and because of this some people in the West criticize Buddhism. |
| Buddhism states that life is suffering, and therefore some people in the West criticize Buddhism. |
Now you try Note:
"Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences in the same way:
1. The governments in some countries are very corrupt, and because of this many people suffer.
2. The monsoon rains didn't come last year, and because of that the crops died.
3. The book was very expensive, and because of that not many people bought it.
4. Yesterday was a national holiday, and because of that all the shops were closed.
5. It snowed very hard last week, and because of that many people couldn't get to work." "In formal and written English, "and therefore" is often used instead of "and because of this."
Examples:
Buddhism states that life is suffering, and because of this some people in the West criticize Buddhism.
Buddhism states that life is suffering, and therefore some people in the West criticize Buddhism."| Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and complete the following sentences in the same way: <br> 1. The governments in some countries are very corrupt, and because of this many people suffer. <br> 2. The monsoon rains didn't come last year, and because of that the crops died. <br> 3. The book was very expensive, and because of that not many people bought it. <br> 4. Yesterday was a national holiday, and because of that all the shops were closed. <br> 5. It snowed very hard last week, and because of that many people couldn't get to work. | In formal and written English, "and therefore" is often used instead of "and because of this." <br> Examples: <br> Buddhism states that life is suffering, and because of this some people in the West criticize Buddhism. <br> Buddhism states that life is suffering, and therefore some people in the West criticize Buddhism. |
Look at examples above and complete the following sentences in the same way:
1. If I were hungry, qquad .
2. If you go, qquad .
3. If it's hot, qquad .
4. If he's sleepy, qquad .
5. If it were cooler, qquad .
6. If this book were cheaper, qquad .
7. If this book is cheap, qquad .
8. If it rains, qquad .
9. If he were younger, qquad .
10. If it's very expensive, qquad .
(Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.)| Look at examples above and complete the following sentences in the same way: |
| :--- |
| 1. If I were hungry, $\qquad$ . |
| 2. If you go, $\qquad$ . |
| 3. If it's hot, $\qquad$ . |
| 4. If he's sleepy, $\qquad$ . |
| 5. If it were cooler, $\qquad$ . |
| 6. If this book were cheaper, $\qquad$ . |
| 7. If this book is cheap, $\qquad$ . |
| 8. If it rains, $\qquad$ . |
| 9. If he were younger, $\qquad$ . |
| 10. If it's very expensive, $\qquad$ . |
| (Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.) |
Now you try
"Look at examples above and complete the following sentences in the same way:
1. If I were hungry, qquad .
2. If you go, qquad .
3. If it's hot, qquad .
4. If he's sleepy, qquad .
5. If it were cooler, qquad .
6. If this book were cheaper, qquad .
7. If this book is cheap, qquad .
8. If it rains, qquad .
9. If he were younger, qquad .
10. If it's very expensive, qquad .
(Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.)"| Now you try |
| :--- |
| Look at examples above and complete the following sentences in the same way: <br> 1. If I were hungry, $\qquad$ . <br> 2. If you go, $\qquad$ . <br> 3. If it's hot, $\qquad$ . <br> 4. If he's sleepy, $\qquad$ . <br> 5. If it were cooler, $\qquad$ . <br> 6. If this book were cheaper, $\qquad$ . <br> 7. If this book is cheap, $\qquad$ . <br> 8. If it rains, $\qquad$ . <br> 9. If he were younger, $\qquad$ . <br> 10. If it's very expensive, $\qquad$ . <br> (Students continue by making other sentences in the same way.) |
I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking.
(or)| I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking. |
| :--- |
| (or) |
3. 虽然现在还是冬天,但是感觉已经是夏天了。
4. 他很有名,但是并不受欢迎。
3. It's still winter, but it feels like summer.
4. He's very well known, but he's not popular.| 3. It's still winter, but it feels like summer. |
| :--- |
| 4. He's very well known, but he's not popular. |
Now you try Note:
Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences in the same way: I follow your logic, I can't accept this way of thinking. "I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking.
(or)"
"3. It's still winter, but it feels like summer.
4. He's very well known, but he's not popular." | Now you try | Note: | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and change the following sentences in the same way: | I follow your logic, I can't accept this way of thinking. | I follow your logic, but I can't accept this way of thinking. <br> (or) |
| 3. It's still winter, but it feels like summer. <br> 4. He's very well known, but he's not popular. | | |
练习 4
安:我认为因果报应的观念几个世纪以来一直被用来压制和剥削人们。
笔记:
“In order to” vs. “To” “In order to” 比“to” 力度更强,用于强调。
几个世纪以来,因果报应的观念一直被用来压制和剥削人们。
为了压制和剥削人们,几个世纪以来,人们一直利用业力这一观念。
Note:
"In order to" vs. "To" "In order to" is stronger than "to" and is used for emphasis.
The idea of karma has been used for centuries to suppress and exploit people. In order to suppress and exploit people, the idea of karma has been used for centuries.| Note: | |
| :--- | :--- |
| "In order to" vs. "To" "In order to" is stronger than "to" and is used for emphasis. | |
| The idea of karma has been used for centuries to suppress and exploit people. | In order to suppress and exploit people, the idea of karma has been used for centuries. |
“Made from” is used when the finished product is different from the original material, i.e. the original material has been changed or combined with other materials to make the finished product.
e.g.: A book is made of paper. (i.e. paper == book; book == paper )
Paper is made from water and wood.
Now you try
Look at examples above and make similar sentences using made of or made from for the materials listed below.
a monk’s robe,
chopsticks
the walls of the monastery / centre
Indian curry
plastic
a car body
glass
mala / rosary
curd / yoghurt
windows
Practice 3
Dorothy : … Wouldn’t it be better to go to these places and help these people rather than sitting on a mountain meditating and chanting sutras?
Note:
Now you try
"Wouldn't it
is a be better to polite qquad\qquad (rather way of than qquad\qquad ? saying
than qquad\qquad ).
"Wouldn't it
is a be better to polite qquad (rather way of than qquad ? saying
than qquad ).| "Wouldn't it |
| :--- |
| is a be better to polite $\qquad$ (rather way of than $\qquad$ ? saying |
| than $\qquad$ ). |
Look at examples on the right and, using 'wouldn't it be better to ....", continue the dialogue below in the same way.
2. A: Let's buy the cheap one.
Examples:
3. A: Let's leave at 11 am tomorrow.
1. A: Let's go by motorbike.
4. A: Let's take the train to Bangalore.
B: But I think it's going to rain soon. Wouldn't it be better to go by car?
5. A: Let's go on foot.
6. A: Let's go out to eat.
A: Oh, O.K., let's go by car then (if you'd rather).
7. A: I think I'll start studying next week.
8. A: I think I'll study alone.
2. A: I think I'll go and see a Western doctor this time.
B: But I don't think your problem can be cured by Western medicine. Wouldn't it be better to see a traditional doctor?
2. A: I think I'll go and see a Western doctor this time.
B: But I don't think your problem can be cured by Western medicine. Wouldn't it be better to see a traditional doctor?| 2. A: I think I'll go and see a Western doctor this time. |
| :--- |
| B: But I don't think your problem can be cured by Western medicine. Wouldn't it be better to see a traditional doctor? |
9. A: I think I'll leave before breakfast tomorrow.
10. A: I think I'll send this letter by regular mail.
◻\square
A: Yeah, maybe you are right. I'll make an appointment with the local herbalist tomorrow.
◻
A: Yeah, maybe you are right. I'll make an appointment with the local herbalist tomorrow.| $\square$ |
| :--- |
| A: Yeah, maybe you are right. I'll make an appointment with the local herbalist tomorrow. |
Unit Eight
Note:
Now you try ""Wouldn't it
is a be better to polite qquad (rather way of than qquad ? saying
than qquad )."
Look at examples on the right and, using 'wouldn't it be better to ....", continue the dialogue below in the same way.
2. A: Let's buy the cheap one. Examples:
3. A: Let's leave at 11 am tomorrow. 1. A: Let's go by motorbike.
4. A: Let's take the train to Bangalore. B: But I think it's going to rain soon. Wouldn't it be better to go by car?
5. A: Let's go on foot.
6. A: Let's go out to eat. A: Oh, O.K., let's go by car then (if you'd rather).
7. A: I think I'll start studying next week.
8. A: I think I'll study alone. "2. A: I think I'll go and see a Western doctor this time.
B: But I don't think your problem can be cured by Western medicine. Wouldn't it be better to see a traditional doctor?"
9. A: I think I'll leave before breakfast tomorrow.
10. A: I think I'll send this letter by regular mail.
"◻
A: Yeah, maybe you are right. I'll make an appointment with the local herbalist tomorrow."
https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_07_25_2645e112508383bc9636g-070.jpg?height=208&width=604&top_left_y=1569&top_left_x=364 https://cdn.mathpix.com/cropped/2025_07_25_2645e112508383bc9636g-070.jpg?height=454&width=364&top_left_y=1906&top_left_x=988
Unit Eight | | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Now you try | "Wouldn't it <br> is a be better to polite $\qquad$ (rather way of than $\qquad$ ? saying <br> than $\qquad$ ). |
| Look at examples on the right and, using 'wouldn't it be better to ....", continue the dialogue below in the same way. | |
| 2. A: Let's buy the cheap one. | Examples: |
| 3. A: Let's leave at 11 am tomorrow. | 1. A: Let's go by motorbike. |
| 4. A: Let's take the train to Bangalore. | B: But I think it's going to rain soon. Wouldn't it be better to go by car? |
| 5. A: Let's go on foot. | |
| 6. A: Let's go out to eat. | A: Oh, O.K., let's go by car then (if you'd rather). |
| 7. A: I think I'll start studying next week. | |
| 8. A: I think I'll study alone. | 2. A: I think I'll go and see a Western doctor this time. <br> B: But I don't think your problem can be cured by Western medicine. Wouldn't it be better to see a traditional doctor? |
| 9. A: I think I'll leave before breakfast tomorrow. | |
| 10. A: I think I'll send this letter by regular mail. | |
| | $\square$ <br> A: Yeah, maybe you are right. I'll make an appointment with the local herbalist tomorrow. |
|  |  |
| Unit Eight | |
Practice 4
Dieu Van : Exploitation and corruption are only the symptoms of a much deeper problem.
Now you try
Look at examples on the right and, using the symptoms below, make similar sentences.
1. feeling very tired
2. poverty
3. diarrhea
4. fever and headache
5. high crime rate
Look at examples on the right and, using the symptoms below, make similar sentences.
1. feeling very tired
2. poverty
3. diarrhea
4. fever and headache
5. high crime rate| Look at examples on the right and, using the symptoms below, make similar sentences. |
| :--- |
| 1. feeling very tired |
| 2. poverty |
| 3. diarrhea |
| 4. fever and headache |
| 5. high crime rate |
Now you try
"Look at examples on the right and, using the symptoms below, make similar sentences.
1. feeling very tired
2. poverty
3. diarrhea
4. fever and headache
5. high crime rate"| Now you try |
| :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and, using the symptoms below, make similar sentences. <br> 1. feeling very tired <br> 2. poverty <br> 3. diarrhea <br> 4. fever and headache <br> 5. high crime rate |
Note:
Symptom == the outward sign of a deeper problem
Examples:
1. A headache and sore throat are the symptoms of a cold.
2. A stomachache is the symptom of having eaten too much.
Examples:
1. A headache and sore throat are the symptoms of a cold.
2. A stomachache is the symptom of having eaten too much.| Examples: |
| :--- |
| 1. A headache and sore throat are the symptoms of a cold. |
| 2. A stomachache is the symptom of having eaten too much. |
Note:
Symptom = the outward sign of a deeper problem
"Examples:
1. A headache and sore throat are the symptoms of a cold.
2. A stomachache is the symptom of having eaten too much."| Note: |
| :--- |
| Symptom $=$ the outward sign of a deeper problem |
| Examples: <br> 1. A headache and sore throat are the symptoms of a cold. <br> 2. A stomachache is the symptom of having eaten too much. |
Complete the blank spaces.
All words or phrases required to complete the blank spaces must come from the dialogue. (Add " ss " or change the verb tenses as appropriate.)
The nature of all phenomena is qquad\qquad .
I was really qquad\qquad by what she said. I hope I can discuss it with her again sometime.
There is no qquad\qquad existence. Everything arises as the result of something else.
Some cups are made of metal, but most are made of qquad\qquad .
A cake is made of a qquad\qquad of ingredients.
Earth, water, fire, and air are the four qquad\qquad .
A country with a lot of qquad\qquad is always poor.
使用以下单词造句:
A) intrigue,
B) explain,
C) independent,
D) confusing or confused
,E) clay,
F) comb or combinations,
G) bind,
H) attendance,I)aspect(s)\operatorname{aspect}(s),
J)吟唱。
Look at examples on the right and, using the words below, make similar sentences concerning your life or that of a friend.
Examples:
interesting
I find the debates very interesting.
bored
I always feel really bored when I am waiting for the bus.| Look at examples on the right and, using the words below, make similar sentences concerning your life or that of a friend. |
| :--- |
| Examples: |
| interesting |
| I find the debates very interesting. |
| bored |
| I always feel really bored when I am waiting for the bus. |
__ing 与 __ed
1. 有趣的 - 感兴趣的
例子:
这部电影很有趣。我希望能够再看一遍。
我对历史很感兴趣。
2. boring - 无聊
例子:
这部电影很无聊。我一直睡着。
我真的很无聊,我想回家。
__ing vs. __ed
1. interesting - interested
Example:
This film is very interesting. I hope I can see it again.
I am very interested in history.
2. boring - bored
Example:
This film is very boring. I keep falling asleep.
I'm really bored. I want to go home.| __ing vs. __ed |
| :--- |
| 1. interesting - interested |
| Example: |
| This film is very interesting. I hope I can see it again. |
| I am very interested in history. |
| 2. boring - bored |
| Example: |
| This film is very boring. I keep falling asleep. |
| I'm really bored. I want to go home. |
3. exciting-excited
Example:
That book was so exciting, I couldn't stop reading it.
The children were so excited when I told them we would go to the beach tomorrow.
4. frightening - frightened
Example:
That film was so frightening, I couldn't sleep after watching it.
She really frightened me when she jumped out from the trees.| 3. exciting-excited |
| :--- |
| Example: |
| That book was so exciting, I couldn't stop reading it. |
| The children were so excited when I told them we would go to the beach tomorrow. |
| 4. frightening - frightened |
| Example: |
| That film was so frightening, I couldn't sleep after watching it. |
| She really frightened me when she jumped out from the trees. |
说明说明:
这些形容词常常表达情感。
Explanation Note:
These adjectives often express emotions.| Explanation Note: |
| :--- |
| These adjectives often express emotions. |
5. 累人——疲惫
例子:
A:这部电影很无聊。
[“无聊”表明了这部电影的效果。]
B:我真的很无聊。
[“无聊”表示某人对某事的反应。]
Examples:
A: This film is very boring.
["Boring" shows the effect the film has.]
B: I'm really bored.
["Bored" shows the reaction of someone to something.]| Examples: |
| :--- |
| A: This film is very boring. |
| ["Boring" shows the effect the film has.] |
| B: I'm really bored. |
| ["Bored" shows the reaction of someone to something.] |
例子:
Studying is really tiring. I just want to sleep.
( ^(**){ }^{*} Studying for the test made me really tired. (or)
I felt really tired after studying for the test.
Example:
Studying is really tiring. I just want to sleep.
( ^(**) Studying for the test made me really tired. (or)
I felt really tired after studying for the test.| Example: |
| :--- |
| Studying is really tiring. I just want to sleep. |
| ( ${ }^{*}$ Studying for the test made me really tired. (or) |
| I felt really tired after studying for the test. |
Now you try Note:
"Look at examples on the right and, using the words below, make similar sentences concerning your life or that of a friend.
Examples:
interesting
I find the debates very interesting.
bored
I always feel really bored when I am waiting for the bus." "__ing vs. __ed
1. interesting - interested
Example:
This film is very interesting. I hope I can see it again.
I am very interested in history.
2. boring - bored
Example:
This film is very boring. I keep falling asleep.
I'm really bored. I want to go home."
"1. tiring
2. frightening
3. excited
4. bored
5. frightened
6. exciting
7. interested
8. boring
9. interesting
10. tired" "3. exciting-excited
Example:
That book was so exciting, I couldn't stop reading it.
The children were so excited when I told them we would go to the beach tomorrow.
4. frightening - frightened
Example:
That film was so frightening, I couldn't sleep after watching it.
She really frightened me when she jumped out from the trees."
"Explanation Note:
These adjectives often express emotions." 5. tiring - tired
"Examples:
A: This film is very boring.
["Boring" shows the effect the film has.]
B: I'm really bored.
["Bored" shows the reaction of someone to something.]" "Example:
Studying is really tiring. I just want to sleep.
( ^(**) Studying for the test made me really tired. (or)
I felt really tired after studying for the test."| Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and, using the words below, make similar sentences concerning your life or that of a friend. <br> Examples: <br> interesting <br> I find the debates very interesting. <br> bored <br> I always feel really bored when I am waiting for the bus. | __ing vs. __ed <br> 1. interesting - interested <br> Example: <br> This film is very interesting. I hope I can see it again. <br> I am very interested in history. <br> 2. boring - bored <br> Example: <br> This film is very boring. I keep falling asleep. <br> I'm really bored. I want to go home. |
| 1. tiring <br> 2. frightening <br> 3. excited <br> 4. bored <br> 5. frightened <br> 6. exciting <br> 7. interested <br> 8. boring <br> 9. interesting <br> 10. tired | 3. exciting-excited <br> Example: <br> That book was so exciting, I couldn't stop reading it. <br> The children were so excited when I told them we would go to the beach tomorrow. <br> 4. frightening - frightened <br> Example: <br> That film was so frightening, I couldn't sleep after watching it. <br> She really frightened me when she jumped out from the trees. |
| Explanation Note: <br> These adjectives often express emotions. | 5. tiring - tired |
| Examples: <br> A: This film is very boring. <br> ["Boring" shows the effect the film has.] <br> B: I'm really bored. <br> ["Bored" shows the reaction of someone to something.] | Example: <br> Studying is really tiring. I just want to sleep. <br> ( ${ }^{*}$ Studying for the test made me really tired. (or) <br> I felt really tired after studying for the test. |
Practice 3
Hwei Ming : I’m not saying that we should neglect our health or possessions. In fact, we ought to keep our things neat and clean …
Practice 4
Sarah: We would just let ourselves get sick.
Now you try
Note:
Example:
The father / daughter / TV. The father let his daughter watch TV.
1. The teacher / the boy / history all weekend.
2. Ms. Jones / her students / icecream.
3. Mr. Smith / his students/ the boring book.
4. Louise / her friend / her car.
5. Jane / her dog / on the bed.
6. Mrs. Lewis / her children / the plates.
7. Joe / his friends / his new game.
8. The teacher / his students / keep quiet.
9. The policeman / the girl / the rubbish she dropped.
10. Mr. Marsden / his children / in bed all morning.
Example:
The father / daughter / TV. The father let his daughter watch TV.
1. The teacher / the boy / history all weekend.
2. Ms. Jones / her students / icecream.
3. Mr. Smith / his students/ the boring book.
4. Louise / her friend / her car.
5. Jane / her dog / on the bed.
6. Mrs. Lewis / her children / the plates.
7. Joe / his friends / his new game.
8. The teacher / his students / keep quiet.
9. The policeman / the girl / the rubbish she dropped.
10. Mr. Marsden / his children / in bed all morning.| Example: |
| :--- |
| The father / daughter / TV. The father let his daughter watch TV. |
| 1. The teacher / the boy / history all weekend. |
| 2. Ms. Jones / her students / icecream. |
| 3. Mr. Smith / his students/ the boring book. |
| 4. Louise / her friend / her car. |
| 5. Jane / her dog / on the bed. |
| 6. Mrs. Lewis / her children / the plates. |
| 7. Joe / his friends / his new game. |
| 8. The teacher / his students / keep quiet. |
| 9. The policeman / the girl / the rubbish she dropped. |
| 10. Mr. Marsden / his children / in bed all morning. |
1. "Let"
(a) You want to do something, and someone allows you to do it.
Example:
His mother let him eat the chocolates.
(b) You are not concerned about the result so you allow it to happen.
Example:
She just let herself gain weight.
2. "Make"
You don't want to do something, but someone forces you to do it.
Example:
The boy wanted to go out to play, but his mother made him do his homework.
For negative use:
Don't let, won't let, didn't make, wouldn't let.
1. "Let"
(a) You want to do something, and someone allows you to do it.
Example:
His mother let him eat the chocolates.
(b) You are not concerned about the result so you allow it to happen.
Example:
She just let herself gain weight.
2. "Make"
You don't want to do something, but someone forces you to do it.
Example:
The boy wanted to go out to play, but his mother made him do his homework.
For negative use:
Don't let, won't let, didn't make, wouldn't let.| 1. "Let" |
| :--- |
| (a) You want to do something, and someone allows you to do it. |
| Example: |
| His mother let him eat the chocolates. |
| (b) You are not concerned about the result so you allow it to happen. |
| Example: |
| She just let herself gain weight. |
| 2. "Make" |
| You don't want to do something, but someone forces you to do it. |
| Example: |
| The boy wanted to go out to play, but his mother made him do his homework. |
| For negative use: |
| Don't let, won't let, didn't make, wouldn't let. |
Now you try
Note:
"Example:
The father / daughter / TV. The father let his daughter watch TV.
1. The teacher / the boy / history all weekend.
2. Ms. Jones / her students / icecream.
3. Mr. Smith / his students/ the boring book.
4. Louise / her friend / her car.
5. Jane / her dog / on the bed.
6. Mrs. Lewis / her children / the plates.
7. Joe / his friends / his new game.
8. The teacher / his students / keep quiet.
9. The policeman / the girl / the rubbish she dropped.
10. Mr. Marsden / his children / in bed all morning." "1. "Let"
(a) You want to do something, and someone allows you to do it.
Example:
His mother let him eat the chocolates.
(b) You are not concerned about the result so you allow it to happen.
Example:
She just let herself gain weight.
2. "Make"
You don't want to do something, but someone forces you to do it.
Example:
The boy wanted to go out to play, but his mother made him do his homework.
For negative use:
Don't let, won't let, didn't make, wouldn't let."
| Now you try | |
| :--- | :--- |
| | Note: |
| Example: <br> The father / daughter / TV. The father let his daughter watch TV. <br> 1. The teacher / the boy / history all weekend. <br> 2. Ms. Jones / her students / icecream. <br> 3. Mr. Smith / his students/ the boring book. <br> 4. Louise / her friend / her car. <br> 5. Jane / her dog / on the bed. <br> 6. Mrs. Lewis / her children / the plates. <br> 7. Joe / his friends / his new game. <br> 8. The teacher / his students / keep quiet. <br> 9. The policeman / the girl / the rubbish she dropped. <br> 10. Mr. Marsden / his children / in bed all morning. | 1. "Let" <br> (a) You want to do something, and someone allows you to do it. <br> Example: <br> His mother let him eat the chocolates. <br> (b) You are not concerned about the result so you allow it to happen. <br> Example: <br> She just let herself gain weight. <br> 2. "Make" <br> You don't want to do something, but someone forces you to do it. <br> Example: <br> The boy wanted to go out to play, but his mother made him do his homework. <br> For negative use: <br> Don't let, won't let, didn't make, wouldn't let. |
| | |
Complete the blank spaces.
All words or phrases required to complete the blank spaces must come from the dialogue. (In the case of verbs, the tense may need to be changed and an “s” added.)
He is qquad\qquad changing his mind. You can’t rely on him.
Suffering is intrinsic to conditioned existence. This is a qquad\qquad teaching of Buddhism.
If you don’t study, you are qquad\qquad to fail the exams.
We should neither reject nor qquad\qquad things which are useful to our life.
We should not qquad\qquad our duties, but do them as well as we can.
If we do not bury or burn a dead body, the flesh will soon qquad\qquad and begin to smell.
Homework ideas: 1. Make sentences using the following words:
A) remain,
B) moment,
C) fundamental,
D) cling to
E) possessions,
F) upset,
G) misunderstand,
H) wholesome, I) law, J) incarnation.
2. Prepare to talk on the following subject next class:
“We should avoid forming attachments to things and mental states. Explain why.”
From: = Reverend Seido
To: = Reverend Seigen
Subject: =urgent to Reverend Seigen=
Date: 星期示, 1999年11|9 ||, 3:43 PM
Please forward this urgent note to Reverend Seigen a.s.a.p.
Dear Seigen,
I am sorry to inform you that our master passed away last night. At 8 p.m., he called us into his
room and told us he would be leaving soon. He gave us instructions and then sat in meditation posture.
At about 9 p.m., his breathing stopped. The cremation ceremony will be held the day after tomorrow
(Thursday)at 10 a.m. Please come back as soon as possible.
Looking forward to seeing you soon.
Your Dharma brother,
Seido
p.s. Please call us when you know your time of arrival. Someone will go to the airport or the station
to pick you up.
Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences using "It's not worth ...."
A: qquad .| Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences using "It's not worth ...." |
| :--- |
| A: $\qquad$ . |
Now you try Note:
"Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences using "It's not worth ...."
A: qquad ." "Worth + verb ~ing
Example:
It's not worth going now. It's already late.
Worth + noun
Example:
It's not worth 200 rupees. It's only plastic."
| Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences using "It's not worth ...." <br> A: $\qquad$ . | Worth + verb ~ing <br> Example: <br> It's not worth going now. It's already late. <br> Worth + noun <br> Example: <br> It's not worth 200 rupees. It's only plastic. |
| | |
| | |
练习 3
职员:不,很抱歉,下一班飞往仙台的航班要后天才有。
现在你尝试
笔记:
看右边的例子并造类似的句子。
否定动词 + “直到”
例子:
1. 我们要到四月才能去拉达克,因为道路被雪封住了。
2. 老师开始上课之前我们不应该吃饭。
Negative verb + "until"
Example:
1. We can't go to Ladakh until April because the roads are blocked with snow.
2. We shouldn't eat until our teacher begins.| Negative verb + "until" |
| :--- |
| Example: |
| 1. We can't go to Ladakh until April because the roads are blocked with snow. |
| 2. We shouldn't eat until our teacher begins. |
Now you try Note:
Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences.
"Negative verb + "until"
Example:
1. We can't go to Ladakh until April because the roads are blocked with snow.
2. We shouldn't eat until our teacher begins."| Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences. | |
| | |
| | Negative verb + "until" <br> Example: <br> 1. We can't go to Ladakh until April because the roads are blocked with snow. <br> 2. We shouldn't eat until our teacher begins. |
Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences.
I'll definitely ___ once/ when__| Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences. |
| :--- |
| I'll definitely ___ once/ when__ |
我一定会qquad\qquad一次qquad\qquad
对比
我一定会qquad\qquad什么时候qquad\qquad。
一次==动作完成后立即。
什么时候==动作完成后但不是立即。
I'll definitely qquad once qquad
vs.
I'll definitely qquad when qquad .
once = immediately after an action is completed.
when = after an action is completed but not immediately.| I'll definitely $\qquad$ once $\qquad$ |
| :--- |
| vs. |
| I'll definitely $\qquad$ when $\qquad$ . |
| once $=$ immediately after an action is completed. |
| when $=$ after an action is completed but not immediately. |
例子:
1. 我一到就一定会给你打电话。
2. 我起床后一定会锻炼身体。
Examples:
1. I'll definitely call you once/as soon as I arrive.
2. I'll definitely do my exercises when I get up.| Examples: |
| :--- |
| 1. I'll definitely call you once/as soon as I arrive. |
| 2. I'll definitely do my exercises when I get up. |
Now you try Note:
"Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences.
I'll definitely ___ once/ when__" "I'll definitely qquad once qquad
vs.
I'll definitely qquad when qquad .
once = immediately after an action is completed.
when = after an action is completed but not immediately."
"Examples:
1. I'll definitely call you once/as soon as I arrive.
2. I'll definitely do my exercises when I get up."| Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| | |
| Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences. <br> I'll definitely ___ once/ when__ | I'll definitely $\qquad$ once $\qquad$ <br> vs. <br> I'll definitely $\qquad$ when $\qquad$ . <br> once $=$ immediately after an action is completed. <br> when $=$ after an action is completed but not immediately. |
| | Examples: <br> 1. I'll definitely call you once/as soon as I arrive. <br> 2. I'll definitely do my exercises when I get up. |
Now you try Note:
Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences using the words below. Unless = except under the circumstances that (something occurs)
Examples: 1. Unless you have a ticket, you can't go in. or
it rains You can't go in unless you have a ticket.
Unless it rains, we should go. 2. Unless he gives me permission, I can't borrow it. or
1. it's cheap I can't borrow it unless he gives me permission.
2. the bus is late 3. A: Should we go on an alms round tomorrow?
3. I find my money B: Yes, unless it snows heavily.
4. we get lost
5. she calls
6. we buy rice and vegetables
7. it snows
8. you study hard
9. have a visa
10. the computer breaks down | Now you try | Note: |
| :--- | :--- |
| | |
| Look at examples on the right and make similar sentences using the words below. | Unless = except under the circumstances that (something occurs) |
| Examples: | 1. Unless you have a ticket, you can't go in. or |
| it rains | You can't go in unless you have a ticket. |
| Unless it rains, we should go. | 2. Unless he gives me permission, I can't borrow it. or |
| 1. it's cheap | I can't borrow it unless he gives me permission. |
| 2. the bus is late | 3. A: Should we go on an alms round tomorrow? |
| 3. I find my money | B: Yes, unless it snows heavily. |
| 4. we get lost | |
| 5. she calls | |
| 6. we buy rice and vegetables | |
| 7. it snows | |
| 8. you study hard | |
| 9. have a visa | |
| 10. the computer breaks down | |
练习 3
拉布盖:我知道他期待着有一天能去那里。
现在你尝试
___ 期待 ___
Now you try
___ looking forward to ___| Now you try |
| :--- |
| ___ looking forward to ___ |
在一般现在时的动词前添加动词 be + “going to”。
例如:I am going to go。
她要去吃饭。2
. 将“will”放在一般现在时的动词前。
例如:I will go.
她會吃。
简单的礼物
一般过去时
现在完成时++过去完成时
我每天都……
昨天我……
我(已经)......我(已经)......(当/之前)
接受
公认
公认
是
曾是
到过
问
问
问
达到
达到
达到
砰
撞到
撞到
开始
开始
开始
绑定
边界
边界
咬
少量
被咬
吹
吹了
吹
休息
破产了
破碎的
带来
带来
带来
建造
建造
建造
买
买
买
抓住
捕捉
捕捉
紧贴
紧贴
紧贴
选择
选择
选择
Simple Present Simple Past Present Perfect + Past Perfect
Every day I ... Yesterday I ...
I have (already) ... I had (already) ...(when/before)
accept accepted accepted
am was been
ask asked asked
attain attained attained
bang banged banged
begin began begun
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
cling clung clung
choose chose chosen| Simple Present | Simple Past | Present Perfect $+$ Past Perfect |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Every day I ... | Yesterday I ... | |
| | | I have (already) ... I had (already) ...(when/before) |
| accept | accepted | accepted |
| am | was | been |
| ask | asked | asked |
| attain | attained | attained |
| bang | banged | banged |
| begin | began | begun |
| bind | bound | bound |
| bite | bit | bitten |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| cling | clung | clung |
| choose | chose | chosen |
简单的礼物
一般过去时
现在完成时++
过去完成时
Present Perfect +
Past Perfect| Present Perfect $+$ |
| :--- |
| Past Perfect |
我每天都……
昨天我……
我(已经)...
我(已经)...(当/之前)
I have (already) ...
I had (already) ...(when/before)| I have (already) ... |
| :--- |
| I had (already) ...(when/before) |
来
来了
来
完全的
完全的
完全的
切
切
切
衰变
腐烂
腐烂
挖
挖
挖
做
做过
完毕
画
德鲁
绘制
喝
喝了
醉
驾驶
开车
驱动
降低
掉落
掉落
吃
吃
吃过
排除
淘汰
淘汰
建立
已确立的
已确立的
发展
进化
进化
存在
存在
存在
解释
解释
解释
开发
被剥削
被剥削
落下
下跌
堕落
感觉
毛毡
毛毡
寻找
成立
成立
飞
飞
飞行
跟随
关注
关注
忘记
忘记了
被遗忘
形式
形成
形成
得到
得到
得到
给
给了
给定
去
去了
走了
生长
成长
成长
有
有
有
Simple Present Simple Past "Present Perfect +
Past Perfect"
Every day I ... Yesterday I ...
"I have (already) ...
I had (already) ...(when/before)"
come came come
complete completed completed
cut cut cut
decay decayed decayed
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
drop dropped dropped
eat ate eaten
eliminate eliminated eliminated
establish established established
evolve evolved evolved
exist existed existed
explain explained explained
exploit exploited exploited
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
find found found
fly flew flown
follow followed followed
forget forgot forgotten
form formed formed
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
have had had| Simple Present | Simple Past | Present Perfect $+$ <br> Past Perfect |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Every day I ... | Yesterday I ... | |
| | | I have (already) ... <br> I had (already) ...(when/before) |
| come | came | come |
| complete | completed | completed |
| cut | cut | cut |
| decay | decayed | decayed |
| dig | dug | dug |
| do | did | done |
| draw | drew | drawn |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| drop | dropped | dropped |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| eliminate | eliminated | eliminated |
| establish | established | established |
| evolve | evolved | evolved |
| exist | existed | existed |
| explain | explained | explained |
| exploit | exploited | exploited |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feel | felt | felt |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| follow | followed | followed |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| form | formed | formed |
| get | got | got |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| have | had | had |
简单的礼物
一般过去时
现在完成时++过去完成时
每天II...
昨天1dots1 \ldots
我(已经)...
我(已经)...(当/之前)
Simple Present Simple Past Present Perfect + Past Perfect
Every day I... Yesterday 1dots I have (already) ...
I had (already) ... (when/before)| Simple Present | Simple Past | Present Perfect $+$ Past Perfect |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Every day $I$... | Yesterday $1 \ldots$ | I have (already) ... |
| | | I had (already) ... (when/before) |
听到
听到
听到
帮助
帮助
帮助
打
打
打
抓住
握住
握住
伤害
伤害
伤害
阴谋
好奇
好奇
保持
保留
保留
下跪
跪下
跪下
知道
知道
已知
离开
左边
左边
借
四旬斋
四旬斋
让
让
让
失去
丢失的
丢失的
制作
制成
制成
意思是
意味着
意味着
见面
遇见
遇见
提到
提及
提及
错误
错误
错误
需要
需要
需要
忽视
被忽视
被忽视
提供
提供
提供
支付
有薪酬的
有薪酬的
实践
练习过
练习过
放
放
放
读
读
读
意识到
意识到
意识到
推荐
受到推崇的
受到推崇的
登记
挂号的
挂号的
要求
请求
请求
hear heard heard
help helped helped
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
intrigue intrigued intrigued
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew known
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mention mentioned mentioned
mistake mistook mistaken
need needed needed
neglect neglected neglected
offer offered offered
pay paid paid
practice practiced practiced
put put put
read read read
realize realized realized
recommend recommended recommended
register registered registered
request requested requested| hear | heard | heard |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| help | helped | helped |
| hit | hit | hit |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| intrigue | intrigued | intrigued |
| keep | kept | kept |
| kneel | knelt | knelt |
| know | knew | known |
| leave | left | left |
| lend | lent | lent |
| let | let | let |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| mean | meant | meant |
| meet | met | met |
| mention | mentioned | mentioned |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken |
| need | needed | needed |
| neglect | neglected | neglected |
| offer | offered | offered |
| pay | paid | paid |
| practice | practiced | practiced |
| put | put | put |
| read | read | read |
| realize | realized | realized |
| recommend | recommended | recommended |
| register | registered | registered |
| request | requested | requested |
简单的礼物
一般过去时
现在完成时++
过去完成时
Present Perfect +
Past Perfect| Present Perfect $+$ |
| :--- |
| Past Perfect |
我每天都……
昨天我……
我(已经)...
我(已经)...(当/之前)
回应
回应
回应
返回
返回
返回
戒指
响了
梯级
擦
擦
擦
跑步
跑了
跑步
帆
航行
航行
说
说
说
看
锯
见过
卖
卖
卖
缝
缝制
缝制
展示
显示
显示
关闭
关闭
关闭
唱歌
唱
唱
坐
星期六
星期六
睡觉
睡了
睡了
说话
辐
说
花费
花费
花费
站立
站立
站立
停留
留下来
留下来
偷
偷了
被盗
遭受
遭受
遭受
扫
横扫
横扫
游泳
游泳
游泳
拿
拿了
采取
教
教
教
撕
撕毁
撕裂
告诉
告诉
告诉
思考
想法
想法
扔
扔了
抛出
Simple Present Simple Past "Present Perfect +
Past Perfect"
Every day I ... Yesterday I ... I have (already) ...
I had (already) ...(when/before)
respond responded responded
return returned returned
ring rang rung
rub rubbed rubbed
run ran run
sail sailed sailed
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
sew sewed sewn
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
stay stayed stayed
steal stole stolen
suffer suffered suffered
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown| Simple Present | Simple Past | Present Perfect $+$ <br> Past Perfect |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Every day I ... | Yesterday I ... | I have (already) ... |
| | | I had (already) ...(when/before) |
| respond | responded | responded |
| return | returned | returned |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rub | rubbed | rubbed |
| run | ran | run |
| sail | sailed | sailed |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| sell | sold | sold |
| sew | sewed | sewn |
| show | showed | shown |
| shut | shut | shut |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| stand | stood | stood |
| stay | stayed | stayed |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| suffer | suffered | suffered |
| sweep | swept | swept |
| swim | swam | swum |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
简单的礼物
一般过去时
现在完成时 + 过去完成时
我每天都……
昨天我……
我(已经)...
我(已经)...(当/之前)
Simple Present Simple Past Present Perfect + Past Perfect
Every day I ... Yesterday I ... I have (already) ...
I had (already) ...(when/before)| Simple Present | Simple Past | Present Perfect + Past Perfect |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Every day I ... | Yesterday I ... | I have (already) ... |
| | | I had (already) ...(when/before) |