Part 3: Specifications Common to all MRTDs 第三部分:所有機讀旅行證件的共同規範
Doc 9303
Machine Readable Travel Documents 機器可讀旅行證件
Seventh Edition, 2015 第七版,2015 年
Part 3: Specifications Common to all MRTDs 第三部分:所有機讀旅行證件的共同規範
Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority 經秘書長核准並在其授權下發布
Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the 以獨立的英文、阿拉伯文、中文、法文、俄文和西班牙文版本出版
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION 國際民航組織
999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 加拿大魁北克省蒙特婁羅伯特-伯拉薩大道 999 號,郵遞區號 H3C 5H7
Downloads and additional information are available at www.icao.int/security/mrtd 可從 www.icao.int/security/mrtd 下載更多資訊及相關文件
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. 保留所有權利。未經國際民用航空組織事先書面許可,本出版品的任何部分不得以任何形式或透過任何方式進行重製、儲存於檢索系統或傳輸。
AMENDMENTS 修訂版
Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Products and Services Catalogue; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at www.icao.int. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. 修訂內容於產品與服務目錄的補充文件中公告;目錄及其補充文件可在國際民航組織網站 www.icao.int 上取得。下方空白處可用於記錄此類修訂。
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICAO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 本出版品中所使用的名稱及其資料呈現方式,並不代表國際民航組織對任何國家、領土、城市或地區及其當局,或關於其疆界或邊界劃分的任何意見。
TABLE OF CONTENTS 目錄
Page 頁次
SCOPE … 1 範圍 … 1
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MRTDS … 2 機讀旅行文件的實體特性 … 2
VISUAL INSPECTION ZONE (VIZ) … 2 視覺檢查區(VIZ) … 2
3.1 Languages and Characters … 2 3.1 語言與文字 … 2
3.2 Typeface and Type Size … 3 3.2 字體與字型大小 … 3
3.3 Captions/Fields … 4 3.3 說明文字/欄位 … 4
3.4 Convention for Writing the Name of the Holder … 4 3.4 持照人姓名書寫慣例 … 4
3.5 Representation of Issuing State or Organization … 5 3.5 簽發國家或組織之表示 … 5
3.6 Representation of Nationality … 5 3.6 國籍之表示 … 5
3.7 Representation of Place of Birth … 5 3.7 出生地之表示 … 5
3.8 Representation of Dates … 6 3.8 日期之表示 … 6
3.9 Displayed Identification Features of the Holder … 8 3.9 持卡人的顯示身份特徵 … 8
MACHINE READABLE ZONE (MRZ) … 16 機器可讀區域 (MRZ) … 16
4.1 Purpose of the MRZ … 16 4.1 MRZ 的目的 … 16
4.2 Properties of the MRZ … 16 4.2 MRZ 的屬性 … 16
4.3 Constraints of the MRZ … 17 4.3 機器可讀區(MRZ)之限制 … 17
4.4 Print Specifications … 17 4.4 列印規格 … 17
4.5 Machine Reading Requirements and the Effective Reading Zone … 18 4.5 機器讀取需求與有效讀取區域 … 18
4.6 Convention for Writing the Name of the Holder … 18 4.6 持照人姓名書寫慣例 … 18
4.7 Representation of Issuing State or Organization and Nationality of Holder … 20 4.7 簽發國家或組織及持照人國籍之表示 … 20
4.8 Representation of Dates … 20 4.8 日期之表示 … 20
4.9 Check Digits in the MRZ … 20 4.9 機讀區(MRZ)中的檢查數字 … 20
4.10 Characteristics of the MRZ … 21 4.10 機讀區(MRZ)的特性 … 21
4.11 Quality Specifications of the MRZ … 21 4.11 機讀區(MRZ)的品質規格 … 21
CODES FOR NATIONALITY, PLACE OF BIRTH, LOCATION OF ISSUING STATEIAUTHORITY AND OTHER PURPOSES … 22 國籍代碼、出生地、簽發國家/機構地點以及其他用途代碼 … 22
TRANSLITERATIONS RECOMMENDED FOR USE BY STATES … 30 建議各國使用的音譯 … 30
REFERENCES (NORMATIVE) … 49 參考資料(規範性) … 49
APPENDIX A TO PART 3 EXAMPLES OF CHECK DIGIT CALCULATION (INFORMATIVE) … App A-1 附錄 A(第 3 部分)檢查碼計算範例(資訊性) … 附錄 A-1
APPENDIX B TO PART 3 TRANSLITERATION OF ARABIC SCRIPT IN MRTDS (INFORMATIVE) … App B-1 附錄 B 第 3 部分 機讀旅行文件中阿拉伯文字的音譯(資訊性) … 附錄 B-1
B. 1 The Arabic Script … App B-1 B.1 阿拉伯文字 … 附錄 B-1
B. 2 The Arabic Script in the MRTD … App B-1 B.2 機讀旅行文件中的阿拉伯文字 … 附錄 B-1
B. 3 Recommendation for the VIZ … App B-3 B.3 視覺檢查區域建議 … 附錄 B-3
B. 4 Transliteration in the MRZ … App B-5 B. 4 機器可判讀區域中的音譯 … 附錄 B-5
B. 5 Recommendation for the MRZ … App B-6 B. 5 機器可判讀區域之建議 … 附錄 B-6
B. 6 Reverse transliteration of the MRZ … App B-15 B. 6 機器可判讀區域的反向音譯 … 附錄 B-15
B. 7 Computer programs … App B-17 B. 7 電腦程式 … 附錄 B-17
B. 8 References (Informative) … App B-20 B. 8 參考文獻(資訊性)… 應用程式 B-20
1. SCOPE 1. 範圍
The Seventh Edition of Doc 9303 represents a restructuring of the ICAO specifications for Machine Readable Travel Documents. Without incorporating substantial modifications to the specifications, in this new edition Doc 9303 has been reformatted into a set of specifications for Size 1 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD1), Size 2 Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (TD2), and Size 3 Machine Readable Travel Documents (TD3), as well as visas. This set of specifications consists of various separate documents in which general (applicable to all MRTDs) as well as MRTD form factor specific specifications are grouped. 第七版的文件 9303 代表國際民航組織對機讀旅行證件規格的重新架構。在不對規格進行實質性修改的情況下,新版本的文件 9303 已重新格式化為尺寸 1 機讀官方旅行證件(TD1)、尺寸 2 機讀官方旅行證件(TD2)、尺寸 3 機讀旅行證件(TD3)以及簽證的規格。這套規格由各種不同的文件組成,其中包含適用於所有機讀旅行證件的一般規格以及特定機讀旅行證件形式的規格。
This Part 3 of Doc 9303 is based on the Sixth Edition of Doc 9303, Part 1, Volume 1, Machine Readable Passports Passports with Machine Readable Data Stored in Optical Character Recognition Format (2006) and the Third Edition of Doc 9303, Part 3, Volume 1, Machine Readable Official Travel Documents - MRtds with Machine Readable Data Stored in Optical Character Recognition Format (2008). 文件 9303 的第 3 部分基於文件 9303 第 1 卷第 1 部分的第六版,即《使用光學字符識別格式儲存機讀資料的機讀護照》(2006 年),以及文件 9303 第 3 卷第 1 部分的第三版,即《機讀官方旅行證件 - 使用光學字符識別格式儲存機讀資料的機讀旅行證件》(2008 年)。
Part 3 defines specifications that are common to TD1, TD2 and TD3 size machine readable travel documents (MRTDs) including those necessary for global interoperability using visual inspection and machine readable (optical character recognition) means. Detailed specifications applicable to each form factor appear in Doc 9303, Parts 4 through 7. 第 3 部分定義了 TD1、TD2 和 TD3 尺寸機讀旅行證件(MRTDs)通用的規格,包括使用視覺檢查和機讀(光學字符識別)方式進行全球互操作性所需的規格。針對每種形式的詳細規格載於文件 9303 的第 4 至第 7 部分。
Part 3 should be read in conjunction with: 第 3 部分應與下列文件一併閱讀:
Part 1 - Introduction; 第 1 部分 - 緒論;
Part 2 - Specifications for the Security of the Design, Manufacture and Issuance of MRTDs; 第 2 部分 - 機讀旅行文件設計、製造及發行安全規範;
and the relevant form factor specific part: 以及相關的特定表單因素部分:
Part 4 - Specifications for Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) and other TD3 Size MRTDs; 第 4 篇 - 機器可讀護照(MRPs)及其他 TD3 尺寸機器可讀旅行證件的規格;
Part 5 - Specifications for TD1 Size Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (MROTDs); 第 5 篇 - TD1 尺寸機器可讀官方旅行證件(MROTDs)的規格;
Part 6 - Specifications for TD2 Size Machine Readable Official Travel Documents (MROTDs); and 第 6 篇 - TD2 尺寸機器可讀官方旅行證件(MROTDs)的規格;以及
Part 7-Machine Readable Visas. 第 7 篇 - 機器可讀簽證。
These specifications also apply to machine readable travel documents that contain a contactless IC i.e. electronic machine readable travel documents (eMRTDs). Specifications solely for eMRTDs are contained in the following parts of Doc 9303: 這些規範同樣適用於含有非接觸式積體電路的機器可讀旅行文件,即電子機器可讀旅行文件(eMRTDs)。Doc 9303 中僅針對 eMRTDs 的規範包含在以下部分:
Part 9 - Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs; 第 9 部分 - 生物特徵識別與 MRTDs 中電子資料儲存的部署;
Part 10 - Logical Data Structure (LDS) for Storage of Biometrics and other Data in the Contactless Integrated Circuit (IC); 第 10 部分 - 用於在非接觸式積體電路(IC)中儲存生物特徵及其他資料的邏輯資料結構(LDS);
Part 11 - Security Mechanisms for MRTDs; and 第 11 部分 - MRTDs 的安全機制;及
Part 12 - Public Key Infrastructure for MRTDs. 第 12 部分 - 機讀旅行文件的公開金鑰基礎建設
2. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MRTDs 2. 機讀旅行文件的物理特性
Issuing States and organizations may choose the materials to be used in the production of their travel documents. Nevertheless, no materials shall adversely affect any other component in the MRTD, and the MRTD shall, in normal use throughout its period of validity, meet the following requirements: 簽發國家和組織可以選擇用於製作其旅行文件的材料。然而,不得使用任何會對機讀旅行文件中的其他元件造成不利影響的材料,且機讀旅行文件在其有效期內的正常使用中,必須符合以下要求:
Deformation. The MRTD shall be of a material that bends (not creases), i.e., deformation due to normal use can be flattened by the reading device without impairing the use of the MRTD or the functioning of the reader; 變形。機讀旅行文件的材料須具有彎曲(而非摺痕)特性,即因正常使用而造成的變形可由讀取裝置壓平,且不會損害機讀旅行文件的使用或讀取設備的功能;
Toxicity. The MRTD shall present no toxic hazards in the course of normal use, as specified in [ISO/IEC 7810]; 毒性。機讀旅行證件(MRTD)在正常使用過程中不得產生任何毒害,如[ISO/IEC 7810]中所規定;
Resistance to chemicals. The MRTD shall be resistant to chemical effects arising from normal handling and use, except where chemical sensitivity is added for security reasons; 抗化學性。機讀旅行證件應能抵抗正常處理和使用過程中產生的化學效應,惟出於安全考量而增加的化學敏感性除外;
Temperature stability. The MRTD shall remain machine readable at operating temperatures ranging from -10^(@)C-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C} to +50^(@)C(14^(@)F:}+50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(14^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right. to {:122^(@)F)\left.122^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right). The MRTD should not lose its functionality after being exposed to temperatures ranging from -35^(@)C-35^{\circ} \mathrm{C} to +80^(@)C(-31^(@)F:}+80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(-31^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right. to {:176^(@)F)\left.176^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right); 溫度穩定性。機讀旅行證件應能在作業溫度範圍 -10^(@)C-10^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 至 +50^(@)C(14^(@)F:}+50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(14^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right. 到 {:122^(@)F)\left.122^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right) 時保持可機讀。機讀旅行證件在暴露於溫度範圍 -35^(@)C-35^{\circ} \mathrm{C} 至 +80^(@)C(-31^(@)F:}+80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(-31^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right. 到 {:176^(@)F)\left.176^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right) 後,不應喪失其功能;
Humidity. The MRTD shall be machine readable at a relative air humidity ranging from 5 per cent to 95 per cent, with a maximum wet bulb temperature of 25^(@)C(77^(@)F)25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(77^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right), as specified in [ISO/IEC 7810]. The MRTD should not lose its reliability after being stored at, or exposed to, a relative air humidity ranging from 0 per cent to 100 per cent (non-condensing); 濕度。機讀旅行證件應能在相對空氣濕度 5%至 95%的範圍內保持可機讀,最大濕球溫度為 25^(@)C(77^(@)F)25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\left(77^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right) ,如[ISO/IEC 7810]中所規定。機讀旅行證件在儲存或暴露於 0%至 100%(不凝結)的相對空氣濕度後,不應喪失其可靠性;
Light. The MRTD shall resist deterioration from exposure to light encountered during normal use, as specified in [ISO/IEC 7810]. 光。機讀旅行文件應能抵抗在正常使用過程中遭受的光照,如[ISO/IEC 7810]所規定。
3. VISUAL INSPECTION ZONE (VIZ) 3. 視覺檢查區(VIZ)
The Visual Inspection Zone of an MRTD comprises the mandatory and optional data elements designed for visual inspection. The optional data elements, together with the mandatory data elements, accommodate the diverse requirements of issuing States and organizations while maintaining sufficient uniformity to ensure global interoperability for all MRTDs. 機讀旅行文件的視覺檢查區包含設計用於目視檢查的強制性和選擇性資料元素。選擇性資料元素連同強制性資料元素,可滿足發證國家和組織的多樣化需求,同時保持足夠的一致性,確保所有機讀旅行文件的全球互通性。
3.1 Languages and Characters 3.1 語言和字元
Latin-alphabet characters, i.e. A to Z, and Arabic numerals, i.e. 1234567890 shall be used to represent data in the VIZ. Diacritics are permitted. Latin-based national characters listed in Section 6.A “Transliteration of Multinational Characters”, e.g. P and beta\beta, may also be used in the VIZ without transliteration. When mandatory data elements are in a national language that does not use the Latin alphabet, a transliteration shall also be provided. 在可視化區域(VIZ)中,應使用拉丁字母(即 A 至 Z)和阿拉伯數字(即 1234567890)來表示資料。允許使用變音符號。第 6.A 節「多國文字音譯」中列出的基於拉丁文的國家字元,例如 P 和 beta\beta ,也可在可視化區域中直接使用而無需音譯。當強制性資料元素使用的是非拉丁字母的國家語言時,還應提供音譯。
Figure 1. Example of a VIZ and MRZ from an MRTD 圖 1. 機讀旅行證件(MRTD)的可視化區域和機讀區域範例
States that use other than Arabic numerals to represent numerical data in the VIZ shall provide a translation into Arabic numerals. 使用非阿拉伯數字表示可視化區域中數值資料的國家,應提供阿拉伯數字的翻譯。
In the interests of facilitation, optional data elements should be entered in both the national language and either English, French or Spanish. Optional data in Zone VI may be entered entirely in the national script and/or language. 為了便利起見,可選資料元素應以國家語言和英語、法語或西班牙語中的任一種同時填寫。第六區的可選資料可完全以國家文字及/或語言填寫。
3.2 Typeface and Type Size 3.2 字體與字型大小
The horizontal printing density, the typeface, the type size, the font and the vertical line spacing in the VIZ are at the discretion of the issuing State or organization. For good legibility a type size with 10 characters per 25.4mm(1.0in)25.4 \mathrm{~mm}(1.0 \mathrm{in}) is recommended. A maximum of 15 characters per 25.4mm(1.0in)25.4 \mathrm{~mm}(1.0 \mathrm{in}) should not be exceeded. This type size has been chosen as the smallest in which information is clear and legible to a person with normal eyesight. 在簽證中,水平列印密度、字體、字型大小、字型及垂直行距由發證國家或組織自行決定。為確保良好的可讀性,建議每 25.4mm(1.0in)25.4 \mathrm{~mm}(1.0 \mathrm{in}) 使用 10 個字元。每 25.4mm(1.0in)25.4 \mathrm{~mm}(1.0 \mathrm{in}) 的字元數不應超過 15 個。這種字型大小被選為在具有正常視力的人能清晰且易於閱讀的最小尺寸。
Use of upper-case characters is recommended. However, where a name includes a prefix, an appropriate mixture of upper and lower case characters may be used in the prefix (see 3.4 in this section). 建議使用大寫字元。然而,若姓名包含前綴,前綴可以適當地混合使用大小寫字元(參見本節 3.4)。
Diacritical marks (accents) may be used with either lower- or upper-case characters at the option of the issuing State or organization. 發證國家或組織可自行選擇是否在小寫或大寫字元上使用變音符號(重音)。
3.3 Captions/Fields 3.3 說明文字/欄位
Captions shall be used to identify all fields for mandatory data elements in the VIZ except as specified in the data element directories for each form factor in Doc 9303, Parts 4 to 7. 在 Doc 9303 第 4 至第 7 部分各種證件格式的資料元素目錄另有規定者除外,說明文字應用於識別 VIZ 中所有強制性資料元素的欄位。
Captions may be in the official language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization. When such language uses the Latin alphabet, straight font style should be used to print the captions. 說明文字可以使用發證國家的官方語言或發證組織的工作語言。當該語言使用拉丁字母時,應使用直體字型印製說明文字。
Where the official language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization is not English, French or Spanish, the printed caption shall be followed by an oblique character (/) and the equivalent of the caption in English, French or Spanish. An italic font style should be used for the second language. 若發證國家的官方語言或發證組織的工作語言不是英文、法文或西班牙文,印製的說明文字之後應加上一個斜線符號(/)和以英文、法文或西班牙文表示的對等說明文字。第二種語言應使用斜體字型。
Where the official language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization is English, French or Spanish, the issuing State or organization should use one of the other two languages to print the caption following the oblique (/) character. An italic font style should be used for the second language. 當發證國家或發證組織的官方語言或工作語言為英文、法文或西班牙文時,發證國家或組織應使用另外兩種語言之一,在斜線(/)字元後印製說明文字。第二種語言應採用斜體字型。
Captions shall be printed in a clear, linear type font in a size of 1.0 mm to 1.8 mm ( 0.04 in to 0.07 in ). 說明文字應以清晰、線性字型印製,字型大小介於 1.0 毫米至 1.8 毫米(0.04 英吋至 0.07 英吋)之間。
When an optional field is not used, the caption shall not appear on the travel document. 當可選擇的欄位未使用時,該說明文字不應出現在旅行文件上。
3.4 Convention for Writing the Name of the Holder 3.4 持照人姓名書寫慣例
The name of the holder is generally represented in two parts; the primary identifier and the secondary identifier. 持有人的姓名通常由兩個部分組成:主要識別碼和次要識別碼。
The issuing State or organization shall establish which part of the name is the primary identifier. This may be the family name, the maiden name or the married name, the main name, the surname, and in some cases, the entire name where the holder’s name cannot be divided into two parts. This shall be entered in the field for the primary identifier in the VIZ. It is recommended that upper-case characters be used, except in the case of a prefix, e.g. “von,” “Mc” or “de la,” in which case a mixture of upper and lower case is appropriate. 簽發國家或組織應確定姓名的哪一部分為主要識別碼。這可能是姓氏、娘家姓氏或婚後姓氏、主要名稱、姓氏,在某些情況下,如果無法將持有人姓名劃分為兩部分,則為整個姓名。這應填寫在 VIZ 中主要識別碼的欄位。建議使用大寫字母,但在前綴詞(如「von」、「Mc」或「de la」)的情況下,使用大小寫混合更為適當。
The remaining parts of the name are the secondary identifier. These may be the forenames, familiar names, given names, initials, or any other secondary names. These names shall be written in the field for the secondary identifier in the VIZ. It is recommended that upper-case characters be used throughout. 姓名的其餘部分為次要識別碼。這可能是名字、常用名、給定名稱、縮寫或任何其他次要名稱。這些名稱應填寫在 VIZ 中次要識別碼的欄位。建議全部使用大寫字母。
If a single field is used for the name, then the secondary identifier should be separated from the primary identifier by a single comma (,). A comma is not needed if multiple fields are used. 如果使用單一欄位表示姓名,則次要識別碼應與主要識別碼以單一逗號(,)分隔。如果使用多個欄位,則不需要逗號。
Prefixes and suffixes including titles, professional and academic qualifications, honours, awards, and hereditary status, should not be included in the VIZ. However, if an issuing State or organization considers such a prefix or suffix to be legally part of the name, the prefix or suffix can appear in the VIZ. Numeric characters should not be written in the name fields of the VIZ; however, where the use of numeric characters is a legal naming convention in the issuing State, these should be represented in Roman numerals. Any prefixes, suffixes or Roman numerals shall be entered in the secondary identifier field. 前綴和後綴,包括頭銜、專業及學術資格、榮譽、獎項和世襲身分,不應納入證件(VIZ)中。然而,如果簽發國家或組織認為此類前綴或後綴在法律上屬於姓名的一部分,則該前綴或後綴可以出現在證件中。數字字元不應寫在證件的姓名欄位;不過,倘若在簽發國家使用數字字元是一種合法的命名慣例,則應以羅馬數字表示。任何前綴、後綴或羅馬數字須輸入於次要識別碼欄位。
National characters may be used in the VIZ. If the national characters are not Latin-based, a transliteration into Latin characters shall be provided. 可使用國家字元。若國家字元非以拉丁字母為基礎,則須提供拉丁字母的音譯。
3.5 Representation of Issuing State or Organization 3.5 簽發國家或組織之呈現
Where the name of the issuing State or organization and/or the location of the issuing office or authority are in a national language that does not use Latin characters, the name of the State or other location shall appear in the national language and also shall be either: 若簽發國家或組織的名稱及/或簽發辦公室或機關的位置使用非拉丁字母的國家語言,該國家或其他地點的名稱應以國家語言呈現,並且須同時符合下列其中之一:
transliterated into Latin characters; or 音譯成拉丁字母;或
translated into one or more languages (at least one of which must be English, French or Spanish) by which the name may be more commonly known to the international community. 翻譯成一種或多種語言(其中至少一種必須是英文、法文或西班牙文)使該名稱更能為國際社會所知曉。
The name in the different languages shall be separated by an oblique character (/) followed by at least one blank space. 不同語言的名稱之間應以斜線字元(/)隔開,並至少保留一個空格。
Where the name of the issuing State or organization or location of the issuing office or authority is in a language that uses the Latin alphabet, but the name is more familiar to the international community in its translation into another language or languages (particularly English, French or Spanish), the name in the national language should be accompanied by one or more translations of the name. The name in the different languages shall be separated by an oblique character (/) followed by at least one blank space. 當發證國家或組織,或發證辦公室或機構的名稱係使用拉丁字母的語言,但該名稱在另一種語言(尤其是英文、法文或西班牙文)的譯名更為國際社會所熟知時,應在國家語言名稱旁附上一種或多種譯名。不同語言的名稱之間應以斜線字元(/)隔開,並至少保留一個空格。
3.6 Representation of Nationality 3.6 國籍表示
The nationality of the holder in the VIZ, in documents where this field is mandatory, shall be represented either by the three-letter code (see Section 5) or in full at the discretion of the issuing State. 在簽證(VIZ)中,於必須填寫此欄位的文件上,持照人的國籍應以三字母代碼(詳見第 5 節)或依發證國家的自行決定以全文方式呈現。
If the nationality is written in full and the national language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization is a language that does not use Latin characters, the nationality shall appear in the national language and also shall be either: 若國籍以全文書寫,且發證國家的本國語言或發證機構的工作語言為非拉丁字母語言,則國籍應以本國語言顯示,並同時採用下列方式之一:
transliterated into Latin characters; or 轉寫為拉丁字母;或
translated into one or more languages (at least one of which must be English, French or Spanish) by which the nationality may be more commonly known to the international community. 將譯文翻譯為一種或多種語言(至少其中一種必須是英文、法文或西班牙文),使國籍得以在國際社會中更為人所知。
The nationality in the different languages shall be separated by an oblique character ( /// ) followed by at least one blank space. 不同語言的國籍之間應以斜線符號( /// )隔開,後面須接至少一個空格。
Where the national language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization uses the Latin alphabet, but the nationality is more familiar to the international community in its translation into another language or languages (particularly English, French or Spanish), the nationality in the national language should be accompanied by one or more translations. The nationality in the different languages shall be separated by an oblique character (/) followed by at least one blank space. 當簽發國家的官方語言或簽發組織的工作語言使用拉丁字母,但國籍在另一種語言(尤其是英文、法文或西班牙文)中更為國際社會所熟知時,國籍應附上一種或多種譯文。不同語言的國籍之間應以斜線符號(/)隔開,後面須接至少一個空格。
3.7 Representation of Place of Birth 3.7 出生地表示
Inclusion of the place of birth is optional. If the place of birth is included it may be represented by the town, the city, the suburb and/or the state. 出生地的記載是選擇性的。若記載出生地,可以使用鄉鎮、城市、郊區和/或州別。
If the town, city or suburb is included and the national language of the issuing State is a language that does not use Latin characters, the town, city or suburb shall appear in the national language and also shall be either: 若已包含鄉鎮、城市或郊區,且簽發國的官方語言非拉丁字母語言,則該鄉鎮、城市或郊區應以該國的國家語言呈現,並且還需:
transliterated into Latin characters; or 以拉丁字母音譯;或
translated into one or more languages (at least one of which must be English, French or Spanish) by which it may be more commonly known to the international community. 翻譯成一種或多種語言(至少其中一種必須是英文、法文或西班牙文),以使其在國際社群中更容易被辨識。
The town, city or suburb in the different languages shall be separated by an oblique character (/) followed by at least one blank space. 在不同語言中的城鎮、城市或郊區應以斜線字元(/)隔開,並至少空一格。
Where the national language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization uses the Latin alphabet, but the town, city or suburb is more familiar to the international community in its translation into another language or languages (particularly English, French or Spanish), the town, city or suburb in the national language should be accompanied by one or more translations. The town, city or suburb in the different languages shall be separated by an oblique character ( /// ) followed by at least one blank space. 當簽發國家的官方語言或簽發組織的工作語言使用拉丁字母,但城鎮、城市或郊區在另一種語言(特別是英文、法文或西班牙文)中的譯名更為國際社會所熟知時,官方語言中的城鎮、城市或郊區應附上一種或多種譯名。不同語言的城鎮、城市或郊區應以斜線字元( /// )隔開,並至少空一格。
If the State is included it shall be represented by its ICAO three-letter code (see Section 5) except where no code for the State of Birth exists, in which case the name shall be written in full, and the requirements for translation and transliteration identified for town, city and suburb above apply. 如果包含國家,則應使用其國際民航組織三字母代碼(參見第 5 節),但若出生地國家無代碼,則應完整書寫國家名稱,並遵循上述城鎮、城市和郊區的翻譯與音譯要求。
Note.- When choosing to include or omit the Place of Birth, the travel document issuing State or organization should take into consideration any current political sensitivities linked to the State or territory and whether it is a State or territory recognized by visa-issuing authorities in other countries. 附註:在決定是否包含出生地時,簽發旅行證件的國家或組織應考慮與該國家或地區相關的當前政治敏感性,以及該國家或地區是否得到其他國家簽證機關的承認。
3.8 Representation of Dates 3.8 日期表示方式
Dates in the VIZ of the MRTD shall be entered in accordance with the Gregorian calendar as follows: MRTD 視覺檢查區中的日期應依照格列高利曆以下方式輸入:
Day 日期
Days shall be shown by a two-digit number, i.e. the dates from one to nine shall be preceded by a zero. This number may be followed by a blank space before the month or may be followed immediately by the month, with no blank space. 日期應以兩位數字表示,即一至九的日期前應加上零。這個數字之後可以在月份前加上一個空白,或直接緊接在月份前,不留空白。
Month 月份
The month may be printed in full in the national language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization or abbreviated, using up to four character positions. 月份可以使用發證國家的本國語言或發證組織的工作語言全文印刷,或縮寫,最多使用四個字元位置。
Where the national language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization is not English, French or Spanish, the month shall be followed by an oblique character ( /// ) and the month or the abbreviation of the month up to four character positions, in one of the three languages, as shown in the table below. 如果發證國家的本國語言或發證組織的工作語言不是英文、法文或西班牙文,則該月份後應加一個斜線符號(/),並附上該月份或該月份的縮寫(最多四個字元),使用這三種語言中的一種,如下表所示。
Where the national language of the issuing State or working language of the issuing organization is English, French or Spanish, the issuing State or organization may also use one of the other two languages (shown in Table 1) following the oblique character (/). 如果發證國家的本國語言或發證組織的工作語言是英文、法文或西班牙文,則發證國家或組織也可以在斜線符號(/)後使用這三種語言中的另兩種(如表 1 所示)。
The month may alternatively be printed in numerical form at the discretion of the issuing State or organization, particularly where this might facilitate the use of the MRTD by States using other than the Gregorian calendar. In this case the date would be written DDbMMbYY or DDbMMbYYYY , where b=\mathrm{b}= a single blank space. 簽發國家或組織可以自行決定以數字形式印製月份,特別是在使用格雷高里曆以外曆法的國家,這可能會有助於機讀旅行證件(MRTD)的使用。在這種情況下,日期將以 DDbMMbYY 或 DDbMMbYYYY 格式書寫,其中 b=\mathrm{b}= 表示單一空白空間。
Table 1. Abbreviations of Months in English, French and Spanish 表 1. 英文、法文和西班牙文月份縮寫
Month 月份
English 英文
French 法語
Spanish 西班牙語
January 一月
Jan 一月
Jan 1 月
Ene 一月
February 二月
Feb 2 月
Fév 二月
Feb 二月
March 三月
Mar 三月
Mars 火星
Mar 三月
April 四月
Apr 4 月
Avr 平均值
Abr 縮寫
May 五月
May 五月
Mai 五月
Mayo 五月
June 六月
Jun 六月
Juin 六月
Jun 六月
July 七月
Jul 七月
Juil 七月
Jul 七月
August 八月
Aug 八月
Août 八月
Ago 八月
September 九月
Sep 9 月
Sept 9 月
Sept 9 月
October 10 月
Oct 10 月
Oct 十月
Oct 十月
November 十一月
Nov 十一月
Nov 11 月
Nov 11 月
December 12 月
Dec 12 月
Déc 12 月
Dic 月份
Month English French Spanish
January Jan Jan Ene
February Feb Fév Feb
March Mar Mars Mar
April Apr Avr Abr
May May Mai Mayo
June Jun Juin Jun
July Jul Juil Jul
August Aug Août Ago
September Sep Sept Sept
October Oct Oct Oct
November Nov Nov Nov
December Dec Déc Dic| Month | English | French | Spanish |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| January | Jan | Jan | Ene |
| February | Feb | Fév | Feb |
| March | Mar | Mars | Mar |
| April | Apr | Avr | Abr |
| May | May | Mai | Mayo |
| June | Jun | Juin | Jun |
| July | Jul | Juil | Jul |
| August | Aug | Août | Ago |
| September | Sep | Sept | Sept |
| October | Oct | Oct | Oct |
| November | Nov | Nov | Nov |
| December | Dec | Déc | Dic |
Year 年份
The year will normally be shown by the last two digits and may be preceded by a blank space, or it may follow the month immediately with no blank space. Both formats are acceptable. 年份通常會以最後兩位數字顯示,並可能前面會有一個空格,或是直接緊鄰在月份後方,沒有空格。這兩種格式都是可接受的。
When the month is represented numerically, the issuing State or organization may use the four-digit representation of the year. 當以數字表示月份時,簽發國家或組織可使用四位數年份表示方法。
Examples: 範例:
12 July 1942 on an MRTD data page issued in Italian with French translation of the month could appear as: 在以義大利文發行且附有法文月份翻譯的機讀旅行證件資料頁上,1942 年 7 月 12 日可表示為:
12bLUGb/JUILb42
where b=\mathrm{b}= a single blank space, i.e. 12 LUG /JUIL 42 其中 b=\mathrm{b}= 為單一空白字元,即 12 LUG /七月 42
or 或
12 July 42 (using English only) 42 年 7 月 12 日(僅使用英文)
or 或
12JUIL42 (using French abbreviation) 12 七月 42(使用法文縮寫)
or 或
12JUL 42 (using English or Spanish abbreviation) 12 七月 42(使用英文或西班牙文縮寫)
or 或
120742 (using numerical format). 120742(使用數字格式)。
or 或
12071942 (using numerical format with four-digit year). 12071942(使用含四位數年份的數字格式)。
Unknown date of birth. Where a date of birth is completely unknown, that data element shall appear in the date format used for dates of birth by the issuing State or organization but with Xs representing unknown elements (numbers and/or letters) of the date. 出生日期未知。當出生日期完全未知時,該資料元素應按照簽發國家或組織用於出生日期的日期格式呈現,但以 X 代替日期中未知的元素(數字和/或字母)。
Examples: 範例:
XXbXXbXX
XXbXXbXXXX XXbXXXbXXquad\mathrm{XXbXXXbXX} \quad where b=a\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{a} single blank space. XXbXXXbXXquad\mathrm{XXbXXXbXX} \quad 其中 b=a\mathrm{b}=\mathrm{a} 單一空白字元。
If only part of the date of birth is unknown, only that part (day, month, year) of the date shall be represented by Xs as per the date format used by the issuing State or organization. 如果僅出生日期的部分未知,則依照簽發國家或組織使用的日期格式,用 Xs 表示該日期的未知部分(日、月、年)。
3.9 Displayed Identification Features of the Holder 3.9 持照人之可見辨識特徵
Doc 9303 identifies mandatory and optional identification feature(s) of the holder which must be displayed within the VIZ, i.e. facial image, signature or usual mark and/or single-digit fingerprint for each type of MRTD as well as the position, dimensions and scaling for the identification features. Doc 9303 針對每種機讀旅行證件,識別出必要和可選的持照人辨識特徵,這些特徵必須顯示在可視區域(VIZ)內,包括臉部影像、簽名或慣用記號,以及單一指紋,並規定了這些辨識特徵的位置、尺寸和比例。
3.9.1 Displayed facial image 3.9.1 可見臉部影像
To ensure compatibility with facial recognition systems the following guidelines and illustrations must be followed when taking photographs to be used as the facial image of the holder in an MRTD. 為確保與人臉辨識系統相容,在製作用於機讀旅行證件持有人之人臉影像時,必須遵循以下準則及圖例。
The displayed facial image shall depict a true likeness of the rightful holder of the MRTD and shall not be digitally altered or enhanced to change the subject’s appearance in any way. It shall have been taken within the six months preceding the issue date of the MRTD. 顯示的人臉影像應真實呈現機讀旅行證件正當持有人的外貌,且不得以任何方式數位變更或增強影像以改變拍攝對象的外表。該影像須在機讀旅行證件簽發日期前六個月內拍攝。
3.9.1.1 Pose 3.9.1.1 姿勢
The photograph shall show a close up of the head and shoulders with the subject facing square on and looking directly at the camera with both eyes visible and with a neutral expression with the mouth closed. 照片應以特寫方式呈現頭部和肩部,拍攝對象正面朝向,直視鏡頭,雙眼可見,並保持中性表情,雙唇緊閉。
Portrait style 肖像風格
The pose should be such that an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the centres of the eyes is parallel to the top and bottom edges of the rectangular image. 姿勢應使一條假想的橫線,從兩眼中心連接,與矩形影像的上下邊緣平行。
The facial image shall be in focus from the crown(top of the head ignoring any hair)to the chin and from the nose to the ears. 臉部影像應從頭頂(忽略頭髮)到下巴、從鼻子到耳朵清晰對焦。
Eyes tilted 眼睛傾斜
Eyes tilted 眼睛微傾
楼 樓 ◻\square
類
If the additional detail of one ear is required(sometimes referred to as"half-on profile"),the face shall be at such an angle to the imaginary plane as to reveal the detail of the ear while maintaining full-face frontal details on that side of the face opposite to the exposed ear. 如果需要額外呈現一側耳朵的細節(有時被稱為「半側面」),臉部應以特定角度面對假想平面,使得耳朵細節能被看見,同時保持臉部另一側的正面特徵。
Both edges of the face must be clearly visible.The subject shall not be looking,portrait-style,over one shoulder. 臉部兩側邊緣必須清晰可見。被攝者不可以肖像風格的方式,回頭看向一側肩膀
The face shall be in sharp focus and clear with no blemishes such as ink marks or creases. 臉部必須清晰對焦,沒有墨水痕跡或摺痕等瑕疵。
The eyes must be open,and there must be no hair obscuring them. 雙眼必須睜開,不可有頭髮遮蓋眼睛。
If the subject wears glasses, the photograph must show the eyes clearly with no lights reflected in the glasses. The glasses shall not have tinted lenses. Avoid heavy frames if possible and ensure that the frames do not cover any part of the eyes. Glasses should appear only if permanently worn. 如果拍攝者配戴眼鏡,照片必須清楚顯示雙眼,且不得有眼鏡反光。眼鏡鏡片不可使用有色鏡片。盡量避免使用粗框眼鏡,並確保眼鏡框不遮蓋眼睛任何部分。只有長期配戴眼鏡者,才可以在照片中戴眼鏡。
Head coverings shall not be accepted except in circumstances that the issuing State specifically approves. Such circumstances may be religious, medical or cultural. The face must be visible from the hairline to the chin and forward of the ears. 頭部遮蓋物原則上不予接受,除非簽發國特別核准。這些特殊情況可能是基於宗教、醫療或文化原因。面部必須從髮際線到下巴,以及耳朵前方完全可見。
Coverings, hair, headdress or facial ornamentation which obscure the face are not permitted. 不得使用遮蓋面部的覆蓋物、頭髮、頭飾或臉部裝飾。
The issuing State shall use its discretion as to the extent to which facial ornaments (e.g. nose rings, studs), not obscuring the face, may appear in the portrait. A facial ornament should appear only if it is permanently worn. 簽發國可自行決定,對於不遮蔽面部的臉部裝飾(例如鼻環、鼻釘)可在肖像中出現的程度。僅當臉部裝飾是永久佩戴時,才可出現。
A facial image of a baby should conform to the same specifications as for adults. Ideally, the baby should be in an upright position but it is acceptable to capture the facial image with the baby lying on a white or plain light-coloured blanket. Alternatively the baby may be placed in a baby seat but there shall be white or plain light-coloured background behind the head. The baby’s eyes shall be open and no supporting hands visible. 嬰兒的面部照片應符合與成人相同的規格。理想情況下,嬰兒應為直立姿勢,但也可接受將嬰兒平躺在白色或淺色的毯子上拍攝面部照片。另外,嬰兒也可放置在嬰兒座椅上,但頭部背景必須為白色或淺色。嬰兒的眼睛必須睜開,且不得有任何輔助的手部可見。
There must be no other people or objects in the photograph. 照片中不得出現其他人或物體。
Busy background 忙碌的背景
Not centred 未置中
3.9.1.2 Lighting, exposure and colour balance 3.9.1.2 燈光、曝光和色彩平衡
Adequate and uniform illumination shall be used to capture the facial image ensuring there are no shadows or reflections on the face or in the background. 拍攝臉部影像時,應使用足夠且均勻的照明,確保臉部和背景上沒有陰影或反光。
The subject’s eyes must not show red eye. 拍攝照片時,受測者的眼睛不可出現紅眼現象。
The photograph must have appropriate brightness and contrast. 照片必須具備適當的亮度和對比度。
The displayed portrait shall be monochrome greyscale [or black and white] or a true-colour representation of the holder. Where the picture is in colour, the lighting and photographic process must be colour balanced to render skin tones faithfully. 所顯示的肖像應為單色灰階〔或黑白〕,或是對象的真實色彩表現。若為彩色照片,光線和攝影工藝必須進行色彩平衡,以忠實呈現膚色的渲染。
A uniform light-coloured background shall be used to provide a contrast to the face and hair. For colour portraits, light blue, beige, light brown, pale grey or white are recommended for the background. 需使用統一的淺色背景,以與臉部和頭髮形成對比。對於彩色肖像,建議背景顏色為淺藍、米色、淺棕、淡灰或白色。
3.9.1.3 Placement of the portrait 3.9.1.3 肖像擺置
The facial image shall be centred within Zone V with the crown (top of the head ignoring any hair) nearest the top edge of the MRTD. The crown-to-chin portion of the facial image shall be 70 to 80 per cent of the longest dimension defined for Zone V, maintaining the aspect ratio between the crown-to-chin and ear-to-ear details of the face of the holder. The 70 to 80 per cent requirement may mean cropping the picture so that not all the hair is visible. 面部影像應置於 V 區中心,頭頂(不包括頭髮)最靠近機讀旅行證件的上邊緣。面部影像從頭頂到下巴的部分應佔 V 區定義的最長尺寸的 70 至 80%,同時保持持照人面部從頭頂到下巴及耳到耳的細節比例。70 至 80%的要求可能意味著需要裁剪照片,使並非所有頭髮都可見。
The portrait, whether provided in paper or digital format, must be digitally printed in the MRTD. Necessary measures shall be taken by the issuing State or organization to ensure that the displayed portrait is resistant to forgery and substitution. 無論是以紙本或數位格式提供的肖像,都必須在機讀旅行證件中數位列印。發證國家或組織應採取必要措施,確保顯示的肖像能抵抗偽造和替換。
Digital reproduction quality. The digital reproduction shall yield an accurate recognizable representation of the rightful holder of the document. The quality of the original captured portrait should at least be comparable to the minimum quality acceptable for photographs (resolution comparable to 6-86-8 line pairs per millimetre). To achieve this comparable image quality in a digital reproduction, careful attention must be given to the image capture, processing, digitization, compression and printing technology and the process used to produce the portrait, including the final preparation of the MRTD. 數位重製品質。數位重製應能準確呈現文件持有人的可辨識代表影像。原始捕捉肖像的品質,至少應與可接受的相片最低品質相當(解析度可比擬 6-86-8 線對每毫米)。為達到數位重製中可比較的影像品質,必須對影像擷取、處理、數位化、壓縮和印刷技術,以及用於製作肖像的流程,包括機讀旅行證件的最終準備工作,給予仔細的注意。
Border. A border or frame shall not be used to outline a digitally printed reproduction. 邊框。不得使用邊框或框線來勾勒數位列印的重製品。
Coexistence with background security treatment(s). A digitally printed reproduction shall coexist with background security treatment(s) located within Zone V, i.e. background security printing shall not interfere with proper viewing of the displayed portrait, and vice versa. 與背景安全處理的共存。數位列印的重製品應與位於第 V 區內的背景安全列印共存,即背景安全列印不應干擾所顯示肖像的正確檢視,反之亦然。
Coexistence with final preparation treatment(s) of the MRTD. A displayed portrait shall coexist with final preparation treatment(s), i.e. final preparation treatment(s) shall not interfere with proper viewing of the displayed portrait, and vice versa. 與機讀旅行證件最終準備處理的共存。所顯示的肖像應與最終準備處理共存,即最終準備處理不應干擾所顯示肖像的正確檢視,反之亦然。
3.9.1.5 Submission of portrait to the issuing authority 3.9.1.5 向簽發機關提交肖像
Where the portrait is supplied to the issuing authority in the form of a print, the photograph, whether produced using conventional photographic techniques or digital techniques, should be on good or photo-quality paper and should be of the maximum specified dimensions. 當以印刷品形式提供肖像給簽發機關時,無論是使用傳統攝影技術或數位技術製作的照片,都應該使用優質或照片級紙張,並符合最大指定尺寸。
Where the portrait is supplied to the issuing authority in digital form, the requirements specified by the issuing authority must be adhered to. 當以數位形式提供肖像給簽發機關時,必須遵守簽發機關所指定的要求。
Submitted portraits should be 45.0mmxx35.0mm(1.77inxx1.38in)45.0 \mathrm{~mm} \times 35.0 \mathrm{~mm}(1.77 \mathrm{in} \times 1.38 \mathrm{in}) in dimension. This will provide adequate resolution for scaling to required size for use on the MRTD while having adequate resolution for facial recognition purposes. 提交的肖像應為 45.0mmxx35.0mm(1.77inxx1.38in)45.0 \mathrm{~mm} \times 35.0 \mathrm{~mm}(1.77 \mathrm{in} \times 1.38 \mathrm{in}) 像素。這將提供足夠的解析度,以便縮放至機讀旅行證件所需的尺寸,同時確保人臉辨識的足夠解析度。
3.9.1.6 Compliance with international standards 3.9.1.6 符合國際標準
The photograph shall comply with the appropriate definitions set out in [ISO/IEC 19794-5]. 照片應符合[ISO/IEC 19794-5]中訂定的適當定義。
3.9.2 Displayed signature or usual mark 3.9.2 顯示之簽名或常用標記
A displayed signature or usual mark, the acceptability of which is at the issuing State or organization’s discretion, appears in Zone IV. A displayed signature or usual mark shall be an original created on the MRTD, a digitally printed reproduction of an original or, where permitted by specifications defined in Doc 9303 Parts 4 to 7 specific to the preparation of the different types of MRTDs, on a substrate that can be securely affixed to the MRTD. Necessary measures shall be taken by the issuing State or organization to ensure that the displayed signature or usual mark is resistant to forgery and substitution. The displayed signature or usual mark shall meet the following requirements. 位於第 IV 區的顯示簽名或常用標記,其可接受性由簽發國家或組織自行決定。顯示之簽名或常用標記應為在機讀旅行證件上建立的原始簽名、原始簽名的數位列印複製品,或依文件 9303 第 4 至 7 部分針對不同類型機讀旅行證件準備所定義的規格,可安全黏貼於機讀旅行證件上的簽名。簽發國家或組織應採取必要措施,確保顯示之簽名或常用標記具有防偽造及替換的能力。顯示之簽名或常用標記應符合下列要求。
Orientation. The displayed signature or usual mark shall be displayed with its A-dimension parallel to the reference (longer) edge of the MRTD as defined in Figure 2. 方向。顯示的簽名或慣用標記應該使其 A 尺寸平行於機讀旅行文件參考(較長)邊緣,如圖 2 所定義。
Size. The displayed signature or usual mark shall be of such dimensions that it is discernible by the human eye (i.e. reduced in size by no more than 50 per cent), and the aspect ratio (A-dimension to B-dimension) of the original signature or usual mark is maintained. 大小。顯示的簽名或慣用標記應具有可由肉眼辨識的尺寸(即縮小不超過 50%),並且保持原始簽名或慣用標記的長寬比(A 尺寸與 B 尺寸)。
Scaling for reproduction using digital printing. In the event the displayed signature or usual mark is scaled up or scaled down, the aspect ratio (A-dimension to B-dimension) of the original signature or usual mark shall be maintained. 使用數位列印進行縮放。如果顯示的簽名或慣用標記被放大或縮小,則應保持原始簽名或慣用標記的長寬比(A 尺寸與 B 尺寸)。
Cropping for reproduction using digital printing. The issuing State or organization should take steps to eliminate or minimize cropping. 使用數位列印進行裁剪。簽發國家或組織應採取措施消除或最小化裁剪。
Colour. The displayed signature or usual mark shall be displayed in a colour that affords a definite contrast to the background. 顏色。顯示的簽名或常用標記應以與背景形成明確對比的顏色呈現。
Borders. Borders or frames shall not be permitted or used to outline the displayed signature or usual mark. 邊框。不得使用或允許邊框或框線來勾勒顯示的簽名或常用標記。
Figure 2. Orientation of the displayed signature or usual mark 圖 2. 顯示的簽名或常用標記的方向
A displayed single-digit fingerprint, if required by the issuing State or organization, shall be either an original created on the MRTD substrate by the holder or, more probably, a digitally printed reproduction of an original. Necessary measures shall be taken by the issuing State or organization to ensure that the single-digit fingerprint is resistant to forgery and substitution. The single-digit fingerprint shall meet the following requirements. 如果簽發國家或組織要求,已展示的單一指紋必須是持有人在機讀旅行文件上親自創作的原始指紋,或更可能是原始指紋的數位列印重製品。簽發國家或組織應採取必要措施,確保單一指紋具有防偽造和替換的能力。該單一指紋須符合下列要求。
Orientation. The A-dimension (width) of the displayed single-digit fingerprint shall be parallel to the reference edge of the MRTD as defined in Figure 3. The top of the finger shall be that portion of the single-digit fingerprint furthest away from the reference edge of the MRTD. (See Doc 9303-6, Figure 10 and Figure 12.) 方向。展示的單一指紋的 A 維度(寬度)須平行於機讀旅行文件的參考邊緣,如圖 3 所定義。指紋的頂部是距離機讀旅行文件參考邊緣最遠的部分。(請參閱 Doc 9303-6,圖 10 和圖 12。)
Size. The displayed single-digit fingerprint shall be a one-to-one replication (A-dimension versus B-dimension) of the original print. 尺寸。展示的單一指紋須以原始指紋的一比一比例重製(A 維度對 B 維度)。
Scaling for reproduction using digital printing. Scaling of a single-digit fingerprint shall not be permitted. 使用數位列印進行重製的縮放比例。不得對單一指紋進行縮放。
Cropping for reproduction using digital printing. The issuing State or organization should take steps to eliminate or minimize cropping. 為再製目的裁剪數位列印。發證國家或組織應採取步驟消除或減少裁剪。
Colour. The displayed single-digit fingerprint shall be displayed in a colour that affords a definite contrast to the background. 顏色。顯示的單指指紋應以與背景有明顯對比的顏色呈現。
Borders. Borders or frames shall not be permitted or used to outline the displayed single-digit fingerprint. 邊框。不得使用或添加邊框或框線來勾勒顯示的單指指紋。
Figure 3. Orientation of the displayed single-digit fingerprint 圖 3. 顯示的單指指紋方向
4. MACHINE READABLE ZONE (MRZ) 4. 機器可讀區域(MRZ)
4.1 Purpose of the MRZ 4.1 MRZ 的目的
MRTDs produced in accordance with Doc 9303 incorporate an MRZ to facilitate inspection of travel documents and reduce the time taken up in the travel process by administrative procedures. In addition, the MRZ provides verification of the information in the VIZ and may be used to provide search characters for a database inquiry. As well, it may be used to capture data for registration of arrival and departure or simply to point to an existing record in a database. 根據 Doc 9303 製作的機器可讀旅行文件(MRTDs)納入 MRZ,目的是便於檢查旅行文件並縮短行政程序所需的時間。此外,MRZ 可驗證可視區域(VIZ)中的資訊,並可用於提供資料庫查詢的搜尋字元。同時,它也可用於捕捉抵達和出發登記的資料,或單純指向資料庫中的現有紀錄。
The MRZ provides a set of essential data elements in a format, standardized for each type of MRTD, that can be used by all receiving States regardless of their national script or customs. MRZ 提供一組基本資料元素,其格式針對每種機器可讀旅行文件(MRTD)進行標準化,可供所有接收國家使用,不受其國家文字或海關限制。
The data in the MRZ are formatted in such a way as to be readable by machines with standard capability worldwide. It must be stressed that the MRZ is reserved for data intended for international use in conformance with international standards for MRTDs. The MRZ is a different representation of the data than is found in the VIZ. 機讀區(MRZ)中的資料係以一種可被全球標準能力的機器讀取的方式格式化。必須強調的是,機讀區專門保留給符合機讀旅行文件國際標準的國際使用資料。機讀區與可視區(VIZ)呈現資料的方式是不同的。
4.2 Properties of the MRZ 4.2 機讀區的特性
The data in the MRZ must be visually readable as well as machine readable. Data presentation must conform to a common standard such that all machine readers configured in conformance with Doc 9303 can recognize each character and communicate in a standard protocol (e.g. ASCII) that is compatible with the technology infrastructure and the processing requirements defined by the receiving State. 機讀區中的資料必須同時具備可視讀取和機器讀取的能力。資料呈現必須符合共同標準,使得所有依照 Doc 9303 配置的機器讀取設備能辨識每個字元,並以相容於接收國技術基礎設施和處理需求的標準通訊協定(例如 ASCII)進行溝通。
To meet these requirements, OCR-B typeface is the specified medium for storage of data in the MRZ. The MRZ as defined herein is recognized as the machine reading technology essential for global interchange and is therefore mandatory in all types of MRTDs. 為滿足這些要求,OCR-B 字體被指定為機讀區資料儲存的媒介。此處定義的機讀區被認定為對全球資訊交換至關重要的機器讀取技術,因此在所有類型的機讀旅行文件中都是強制性的。
4.3 Constraints of the MRZ 4.3 機讀區域(MRZ)的限制
The only characters allowed in the MRZ are a common set of characters (Figure 4) which can be used by all States. National characters generally appear only in the computer-processing systems of the States in which they apply and are not available globally. They shall not, therefore, appear in the MRZ. 在機讀區域中,僅允許使用共同的字元集(如圖 4 所示),這些字元可被所有國家使用。國家特定字元通常僅出現在該國家的電腦處理系統中,且無法在全球範圍內使用。因此,這些字元不得出現在機讀區域中。
Diacritical marks are not permitted in the MRZ. Even though they may be useful to distinguish names, the use of diacritical marks in the MRZ would confuse machine-reading equipment, resulting in less accurate database searches and slower clearance of travellers. 機讀區域不允許使用變音符號。儘管變音符號可能有助於區分姓名,但在機讀區域中使用變音符號會干擾機器讀取設備,導致資料庫搜尋不准確,並降低旅客通關速度。
The number of character positions available for data in the MRZ is limited and varies according to the type of MRTD. The length of the data elements inserted in the MRZ must conform to the size of the respective fields as specified in the MRZ data element directory in the applicable Part 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. 機讀區域中可用於資料的字元位置數量有限,且根據旅行證件的類型而有所不同。插入機讀區域的資料元素長度必須符合 Doc 9303 第 4 至 7 部分中機讀區域資料元素目錄所規定的各欄位大小。
In some instances, names in the MRZ may not appear in the same form as in the VIZ. In the VIZ, non-Latin and national characters may be used to represent more accurately the data in the script of the issuing State or organization. Such characters are not permitted in the MRZ. 在某些情況下,機讀區(MRZ)中的名稱可能與視覺檢查區(VIZ)中的名稱不同。在視覺檢查區,可以使用非拉丁字母和國家文字,以更準確地呈現發證國家或組織的文字。這些字元不允許出現在機讀區。
4.4 Print Specifications 4.4 列印規格
Machine readable data shall be printed in OCR-B type font, size 1, constant stroke width characters, at a fixed width spacing of 2.54mm(0.1in)2.54 \mathrm{~mm}(0.1 \mathrm{in}), i.e. horizontal printing density of 10 characters per 25.4mm(1.0in)25.4 \mathrm{~mm}(1.0 \mathrm{in}). Printed characters are restricted to those defined in Figure 4. 機讀資料應以 OCR-B 字型、大小 1、固定筆劃寬度的字元列印,採用寬度固定的間距 2.54mm(0.1in)2.54 \mathrm{~mm}(0.1 \mathrm{in}) ,即每 25.4mm(1.0in)25.4 \mathrm{~mm}(1.0 \mathrm{in}) 水平列印 10 個字元。列印的字元僅限於圖 4 中定義的字元。
0123456789 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQR STUVWXYZ <
Figure 4. Subset of OCR-B Characters from [ISO 1073-2] for use in machine readable travel documents 圖 4. 摘錄自[ISO 1073-2]的 OCR-B 字元,用於機器可讀旅行文件
Note.- For illustrative purposes only - the characters shown are larger than actual size. 注意:僅供說明用途 - 顯示的字元比實際大小大。
4.5 Machine Reading Requirements and the Effective Reading Zone 4.5 機器讀取需求與有效讀取區域
Effective reading zone. A fixed-dimensional reading area (effective reading zone (ERZ) of 17.0mmxx118.0mm17.0 \mathrm{~mm} \times 118.0 \mathrm{~mm} ( 0.67 in xx4.65in\times 4.65 \mathrm{in} )), sized to accommodate the largest MRTD, is defined to allow use of a single machine reader for all sizes of MRTDs. The location of the ERZ is as defined in Figure 5. The provision of the ERZ is not intended to allow additional tolerance for the printing positions defined in Parts 4, 5, 6 and 7 specific to the preparation of the different types of MRTDs. The ERZ is intended to allow for variances due to the manual placement of machine readable visas (MRVs) and the fanning effect of the pages that takes place when reading an interior page of an MRP. It also allows for the reading of MRTDs with either two or three lines of machine readable data. 有效讀取區域。定義了一個固定尺寸的讀取區域(有效讀取區域(ERZ)為 17.0mmxx118.0mm17.0 \mathrm{~mm} \times 118.0 \mathrm{~mm} (0.67 英吋 xx4.65in\times 4.65 \mathrm{in} )),其大小足以容納最大的 MRTD,以便使用單一機器讀取器讀取所有尺寸的 MRTD。ERZ 的位置如圖 5 所示。提供 ERZ 的目的並非為了允許零件 4、5、6 和 7 中針對不同類型 MRTD 準備的列印位置有額外的容許誤差。ERZ 旨在允許因手動放置機器可讀簽證(MRV)和讀取機讀護照(MRP)內頁時頁面展開效應而產生的變異。同時也允許讀取具有兩行或三行機器可讀資料的 MRTD。
To combat the threat to travel document security posed by, for example, photocopiers, security features are permitted in the MRZ, and any such security feature shall not interfere with accurate reading of the OCR characters at the B900 range, as defined in [ISO 1831]. While OCR characters must be visible, as specified in 4.2, to ensure that all MRTDs, including those with security features in the MRZ, can be successfully read, the OCR characters in the MRZ shall be machine readable at least in the near infrared portion of the spectrum (i.e. the B900 band defined in [ISO 1831]). 為了對抗由影印機等設備對旅行證件安全造成的威脅,允許在機讀區(MRZ)設置安全特徵,且任何此類安全特徵均不得干擾 B900 範圍內光學字元識別(OCR)字元的準確讀取,如[ISO 1831]中所定義。雖然依據 4.2 所規定,OCR 字元必須可見,以確保所有機讀旅行證件(包括 MRZ 中具有安全特徵的證件)能成功讀取,但 MRZ 中的 OCR 字元至少須在光譜的近紅外部分(即[ISO 1831]中定義的 B900 頻段)可被機器讀取。
Note.- The dimensions of the effective reading zone (ERZ) illustrated are based on a standardized ERZ for all machine readable travel documents to allow use of a single machine reader. 附註 - 所示有效讀取區(ERZ)的尺寸,係基於所有機讀旅行證件的標準化 ERZ,以便使用單一機器讀取器。
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the MRTD effective reading zone 圖 5. 機讀旅行證件有效讀取區示意圖
4.6 Convention for Writing the Name of the Holder 4.6 持照人姓名書寫慣例
To achieve global interoperability, the primary and secondary identifiers in the MRZ shall be printed using upper-case OCR-B characters, illustrated in Figure 4, without diacritical marks, and conform to the number of character positions available. As such, names in the MRZ are represented differently from those in the VIZ. The issuing State or organization shall transliterate national characters using only the allowed OCR-B characters and/or truncate, as specified in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. Transliteration tables for the most commonly used Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic families of languages are provided in Section 6. 為了實現全球互通性,機讀區(MRZ)中的主要和次要識別碼應使用大寫的 OCR-B 字元(如圖 4 所示),不含變音符號,並符合可用的字元位置數量。因此,MRZ 中的姓名表示方式與視覺檢查區(VIZ)不同。簽發國或組織應使用僅允許的 OCR-B 字元進行國家字元音譯,並依照 Doc 9303 的特定表單因素第 4 至第 7 部分進行截斷。最常用的拉丁、西里爾文和阿拉伯語系的音譯表格已在第 6 節提供。
The primary identifier, using the Latin character transliteration (if applicable), shall be written in the MRZ as specified in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. The primary identifier shall be followed by two filler characters (<<). The secondary identifier, using the Latin character transliteration (if applicable), shall be written starting in the character position immediately following the two filler characters. 主要識別碼應使用拉丁字元音譯(如適用),並按照 Doc 9303 的特定表單因素第 4 至第 7 部分在機讀區中書寫。主要識別碼之後應緊接兩個填充字元(<<)。次要識別碼應使用拉丁字元音譯(如適用),從這兩個填充字元之後的字元位置開始書寫。
If the primary or secondary identifiers have more than one name component, each component shall be separated by a single filler character (<). 若主要或次要識別碼有多個名稱部分,每個部分之間應以單一填充字元(<)分隔。
Filler characters (<) should be inserted immediately following the final secondary identifier (or following the primary identifier in the case of a name having only a primary identifier) through to the last character position in the machine readable line. 填充字元(<)應緊接在最後一個次要識別碼之後(或在僅有主要識別碼的姓名情況下,緊接在主要識別碼之後),直到機讀行的最後一個字元位置。
The number of character positions in the name field is limited and differs for the different types of MRTDs. If the primary and secondary identifiers, written in the relevant machine readable line using the above procedure, exceed the available character positions, then truncation shall be carried out using the procedure set out in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. In all other cases, the name shall not be truncated. 姓名欄位的字元位置數量是有限的,且依不同類型的機讀旅行證件(MRTDs)而有所不同。如果按上述程序寫入機讀線的主要和次要識別碼超過可用的字元位置,則須依據 Doc 9303 的表格特定部分 4 至 7 中規定的程序進行截斷。在所有其他情況下,不得截斷姓名。
Examples of truncation of names are contained in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. Doc 9303 的表格特定部分 4 至 7 中包含姓名截斷的範例。
Prefixes and suffixes, including titles, professional and academic qualifications, honours, awards, and hereditary status (such as Dr., Sir, Jr., Sr., II and III) shall not be included in the MRZ except where the issuing State considers these to be legally part of the name. In such cases, prefixes or suffixes shall be represented as components of the secondary identifier(s). 前綴和後綴,包括職稱、專業和學術資格、榮譽、獎項和世襲地位(如 Dr.、Sir、Jr.、Sr.、II 和 III),不得納入機讀區(MRZ),除非簽發國家認為這些是姓名的法定組成部分。在此種情況下,前綴或後綴應作為次要識別碼的組成部分。
Numeric characters shall not be used in the name fields of the MRZ. 數字字元不得用於機讀區的姓名欄位。
Punctuation characters are not allowed in the MRZ. Where these appear as part of a name, they should be treated as follows: 在機讀區(MRZ)中不允許出現標點符號。當標點符號出現在名字的一部分時,應按以下方式處理:
Apostrophe: 撇號:
This shall be omitted; name components separated by the apostrophe shall be combined, and no filler character shall be inserted in its place in the MRZ. 應省略撇號;撇號分隔的名字部分應合併,且不應在機讀區插入任何填充字元。
Example VIZ: D’ARTAGNAN 範例視覺檢查區(VIZ):D'ARTAGNAN
MRZ: DARTAGNAN MRZ:達達尼安
Hyphen: 連字號:
Where a hyphen appears between two name components, it shall be represented in the MRZ by a single filler character (<). (i.e. hyphenated names shall be represented as separate components). 當連字號出現在兩個姓名成分之間時,應在機讀區(MRZ)以單一填充字元(<)表示。(亦即,連字號連結的名字應表示為獨立成分)。
Example VIZ: MARIE-ELISE 範例視覺檢查區(VIZ):瑪麗-伊麗絲
MRZ: MARIE<ELISE MRZ:瑪麗‧伊麗絲
Comma: 逗號:
Where a comma is used in the VIZ to separate the primary and secondary identifiers, the comma shall be omitted in the MRZ, and the primary and secondary identifiers shall be separated in the MRZ by two filler characters (<<). 在 VIZ 中使用逗號分隔主要和次要識別碼時,MRZ 中應省略該逗號,並以兩個填充字元(<<)分隔主要和次要識別碼。
Example VIZ: ERIKSSON, ANNA MARIA
MRZ: ERIKSSON<<ANNA<MARIA
Otherwise, where a comma is used in the VIZ to separate two name components, it shall be represented in the MRZ as a single filler character (<). 否則,當 VIZ 中的逗號用於分隔兩個名稱組成部分時,應在 MRZ 中以單一填充字元(<)表示。
Example VIZ: ANNA, MARIA 範例 VIZ: ANNA, MARIA
MRZ: ANNA<MARIA
Other punctuation characters: 其他標點符號:
All other punctuation characters shall be omitted from the MRZ (i.e. no filler character shall be inserted in their place in the MRZ). MRZ 中應省略所有其他標點符號(即不應在其位置插入任何填充字元)。
4.7 Representation of Issuing State or Organization and Nationality of Holder 4.7 簽發國家或組織及持有人國籍之表示
The three-letter codes listed in Section 5 shall be used to complete the fields for the issuing State or organization and the nationality of the holder in the MRZ. 第 5 節所列之三字母代碼,應用於在機器可讀區(MRZ)中填寫簽發國家或組織及持有人國籍的欄位。
4.8 Representation of Dates 4.8 日期之表示
Dates in the MRZ of the MRTD shall be shown as a six-digit string consisting of the last two digits for the year (YY) immediately followed by two digits for the number of the month ( MM ) and by two digits for the day ( DD ). The structure is as follows: YYMMDD. 機器可讀旅行文件(MRTD)之機器可讀區(MRZ)中的日期,應以六位數字字串表示,由年份的最後兩位數(YY)緊接著兩位數的月份(MM)和兩位數的日期(DD)組成。其結構如下:YYMMDD。
Following this format, 12 July 1942 will be shown as: 420712. 依照此格式,1942 年 7 月 12 日將顯示為:420712。
If all or part of the date of birth is unknown, the relevant character positions shall be completed with filler characters (<). 若出生日期全部或部分未知,相關字元位置應以填充字元(<)完成。
4.9 Check Digits in the MRZ 4.9 機讀區(MRZ)中的檢查數字
A check digit consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in a series. Check digits in the MRZ are calculated on specified numerical data elements in the MRZ. The check digits permit readers to verify that data in the MRZ is correctly interpreted. 檢查數字由從一系列其他數字計算出的單一數字組成。機讀區中的檢查數字是根據機讀區中指定的數值資料元素計算的。檢查數字可讓讀取裝置驗證機讀區中的資料是否正確解讀。
A special check digit calculation has been adopted for use in MRTDs. The check digits shall be calculated on modulus 10 with a continuously repetitive weighting of 731731 dots731731 \ldots, as follows. 在機讀旅行證件(MRTDs)中採用了特殊的檢查碼數字計算方法。檢查碼將以模數 10 進行計算,並採用持續重複的權重 731731 dots731731 \ldots ,具體如下。
Step 1. Going from left to right, multiply each digit of the pertinent numerical data element by the weighting figure appearing in the corresponding sequential position. 步驟 1. 由左至右,將相關數值資料元素的每個數字乘以對應順序位置上出現的權重數字。
Step 2. Add the products of each multiplication. 步驟 2. 加總每次乘法的積。
Step 3. Divide the sum by 10 (the modulus). 步驟 3. 將總和除以 10(模數)。
Step 4. The remainder shall be the check digit. 步驟 4:剩餘的數字作為檢查碼。
For data elements in which the number does not occupy all available character positions, the symbol < shall be used to complete vacant positions and shall be given the value of zero for the purpose of calculating the check digit. 對於號碼未佔滿所有可用字元位置的資料元素,應使用符號 < 來填滿空白位置,並且在計算檢查碼時將其值視為零。
When the check digit calculation is applied to data elements containing alphabetic characters, the characters AA to ZZ shall have the values 10 to 35 consecutively, as follows: 當對包含字母字元的資料元素進行檢查碼計算時, AA 到 ZZ 的字元應依序具有 10 至 35 的值,如下所示:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
| :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: |
| 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
Data elements included in the check digit calculation and check digit location for each document type are contained in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. Examples of check digit calculation are found in Informative Appendix A to this Part. 檢查碼計算所包含的資料元素及各文件類型的檢查碼位置,載於 Doc 9303 的表單因素特定部分 4 至 7。檢查碼計算的範例可在本部分的資訊附錄 A 中找到。
4.10 Characteristics of the MRZ 4.10 機讀區(MRZ)之特性
Except as otherwise specified herein, the MRTD shall conform with [ISO 1831] concerning the following matters: 除非另有規定,機讀旅行文件(MRTD)應遵循 [ISO 1831] 的下列事項:
optical properties of the substrate to be used; 基材的光學特性;
optical and dimensional properties of the image patterns forming OCR characters; and 形成光學字元辨識(OCR)字元的影像圖案之光學和尺寸特性;
basic requirements related to the position of OCR characters on the substrate. 與基材上的光學字元識別(OCR)字元位置相關的基本要求。
Machine readable data shall be arranged from left to right in fixed-length fields in two lines (upper and lower) except for TD1 size travel documents where there are three lines (upper, middle and lower). The data are presented in the order specified in the data structure tables in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303 and located on the document as shown in those parts. Data shall be entered in each field, beginning with the left-hand character position. 機器可讀資料應按照左至右的順序排列,在上下兩行的固定長度欄位中(除了 TD1 尺寸的旅行文件為上、中、下三行)。資料應依照 Doc 9303 第 4 至 7 部分中特定表單格式的資料結構表中指定的順序呈現,並按照這些部分所示位置放置在文件上。資料應從每個欄位的最左側字元位置開始輸入。
Where the entered data do not occupy all the character positions specified for the relevant field, the symbol < shall be used to fill the unoccupied positions. 若輸入的資料未佔滿該欄位指定的所有字元位置,則應使用符號 < 填滿未佔用的位置。
4.11 Quality Specifications of the MRZ 4.11 機器可讀區(MRZ)的品質規格
In general, the print quality shall conform to [ISO 1831] Range X, except as otherwise provided herein. Except where otherwise noted, all quality specifications set forth hereunder shall conform to the requirements of Section 2 of this Part and shall apply to the MRTD after final preparation and, in the case of visas, after placement in the passport or other travel document. 一般而言,印刷品質應符合[ISO 1831] X 範圍,除非本文件另有規定。除非另有說明,所有本文件中所述的品質規格均應符合本文件第 2 節的要求,並適用於最終準備後的機讀旅行證件,以及對於簽證,則為置入護照或其他旅行文件後。
Substrate quality. [ISO 1831], 4.3 through 4.3.2, shall be used for reference only. 基材品質。[ISO 1831],4.3 至 4.3.2,僅供參考。
Substrate opacity. The substrate used, measured before and after final preparation (and for visas, prior to placement in the passport or other travel document), shall be within the definition of at least medium opacity as specified in [ISO 1831], 4.4.1 and 4.4.3. 基材不透明度。所使用的基材,在最終準備前後(對於簽證,則為置入護照或其他旅行文件前),應符合[ISO 1831],4.4.1 和 4.4.3 中所規定的至少中等不透明度定義。
Substrate gloss. The level of gloss is not specified. 基材光澤度。光澤度不作特別規定。
Fluorescence. The reflectance of the substrate in the visible spectrum shall exhibit no visibly detectable fluorescence when irradiated by ultraviolet light, except where this is a predictable fluorescence for security reasons. 螢光。在可見光譜中,基材的反射率在紫外光照射下不得出現可見的螢光,除非出於安全考量的可預測螢光除外。
Alternative substrates. The aforementioned quality specifications should be followed irrespective of the substrate material. 替代基材。無論基材材料為何,上述品質規格均應被遵守。
Spectral band. The OCR print shall be legible visually and shall be black (B425 through B680 as defined in [ISO 1831]). The OCR print shall also absorb in the B900 band as defined in [ISO 1831] (i.e. near infrared). This property must test successfully when the characters are machine-read through any protective material that may have been applied to the surface of the document. 光譜波段。OCR 列印須在視覺上清晰可讀,且顏色須為黑色(依[ISO 1831]定義的 B425 至 B680 波段)。OCR 列印還須在[ISO 1831]定義的 B900 波段(即近紅外線)吸收。即使文件表面可能已覆蓋保護材料,此特性在機器讀取字元時仍必須成功通過測試。
Print contrast signal (PCS). After final preparation, the minimum print contrast signal (PCS/min), when measured as specified in [ISO 1831], shall be as follows: PCS/ min >= 0.6\geq 0.6 at the B900 spectral band. 印刷對比信號(PCS)。在最終準備後,當依[ISO 1831]指定的方式測量時,最小印刷對比信號(PCS/min)應如下:B900 光譜波段的 PCS/min >= 0.6\geq 0.6 。
Character stroke width. The stroke width after final preparation shall be as specified for Range X in [ISO 1831], 5.3.1. 字元筆劃寬度。在最終準備後,筆劃寬度應符合 [ISO 1831] 中 X 範圍的規定,5.3.1 節。
Contrast variation ratio (CVR). After final preparation, the CVR should be as is shown for Range X in [ISO 1831], i.e. CVR < 1.50. 對比變化率(CVR)。在最終準備後,CVR 應符合 [ISO 1831] 中 X 範圍的規定,即 CVR < 1.50。
Spots and extraneous marks. [ISO 1831], 5.4.4.6 and 5.4.5.12 shall apply at the reading surface (see also B. 6 of Appendix B and C.5.10 of Appendix C to [ISO 1831]). 斑點和雜散標記。[ISO 1831] 的 5.4.4.6 和 5.4.5.12 節應適用於讀取表面(另請參見 [ISO 1831] 附錄 B 的 B.6 和附錄 C 的 C.5.10)。
Voids. The value of “d” as defined in [ISO 1831], 5.4.5.9 shall be equal to 0.4 at the reading surface. 空隙。根據 [ISO 1831] 5.4.5.9 節定義的 "d" 值在讀取表面應等於 0.4。
Line separation. Refer to the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. 線段分隔。請參考文件 9303 的特定表格形式第 4 至 7 部分。
Line spacing. Refer to the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. 線間距。請參考文件 9303 的特定表格形式第 4 至 7 部分。
Skew of the MRZ lines. The effect of the actual skew of the MRZ lines and the actual skew of the MRZ characters shall not exceed 3 degrees measured from the reference edge nor shall the skew of MRZ or character misalignment result in the MRZ lines or any part thereof appearing outside the printing zone as defined in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. 機讀區(MRZ)線段的偏斜。MRZ 線段的實際偏斜和 MRZ 字元的實際偏斜不得超過從參考邊緣測量的 3 度,且 MRZ 或字元錯位也不得導致 MRZ 線段或其任何部分出現在文件 9303 特定表格形式第 4 至 7 部分所定義的列印區域之外。
5. CODES FOR NATIONALITY, PLACE OF BIRTH, LOCATION OF ISSUING STATEIAUTHORITY AND OTHER PURPOSES 5. 國籍、出生地、發證國家/機構位置以及其他目的代碼
Part A - Letter Codes A 部分 - 字母代碼
The following are the two- and three-letter codes for entities specified and regularly updated in [ISO 3166-1], with extensions for certain States and organizations being identified by an asterisk. The current version of the codes may be obtained from the [ISO 3166] maintenance agency - [ISO 3166/MA], ISO’s focal point for country codes. 以下是[ISO 3166-1]中指定並定期更新的兩字母和三字母實體代碼,某些國家和組織的擴充代碼以星號標示。可以從國碼維護機構 [ISO 3166/MA] 取得目前版本的代碼,該機構是 ISO 的國家代碼聯絡點。
Afghanistan AF AFG
Åland Islands AX ALA
Albania AL ALB
Algeria DZ DZA
American Samoa AS ASM| Afghanistan | AF | AFG |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Åland Islands | AX | ALA |
| Albania | AL | ALB |
| Algeria | DZ | DZA |
| American Samoa | AS | ASM |
Andorra 安道爾
AD
AND
Angola 安哥拉
AO
AGO
Anguilla 安圭拉
AI
AIA
Antarctica 南極洲
AQ
ATA
Antigua and Barbuda 安提瓜和巴布達
AG
ATG
Andorra AD AND
Angola AO AGO
Anguilla AI AIA
Antarctica AQ ATA
Antigua and Barbuda AG ATG| Andorra | AD | AND |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Angola | AO | AGO |
| Anguilla | AI | AIA |
| Antarctica | AQ | ATA |
| Antigua and Barbuda | AG | ATG |
Argentina 阿根廷
AR
ARG
Armenia 亞美尼亞
AM
ARM
Aruba 阿魯巴
AW
ABW
Australia 澳大利亞
AU
AUS
Austria 奧地利
AT
AUT
Azerbaijan 亞塞拜然
AZ
AZE
Bahamas 巴哈馬
BS
BHS
Bahrain 巴林
BH
BHR
Bangladesh 孟加拉
BD
BGD
Barbados 巴貝多
BB
BRB
Belarus 白俄羅斯
BY
BLR
Belgium 比利時
BE
BEL
Belize 貝里斯
BZ
BLZ
Benin 貝南
BJ
BEN
Bermuda 百慕大
BM
BMU
Bhutan 不丹
BT
BTN
Bolivia, Plurinational State of 玻利維亞多民族國
BO
BOL
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 波奈、聖尤斯特歇斯和薩巴
BQ
BES
Bosnia and Herzegovina 波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納
BA
BIH
Botswana 波札那
BW
BWA
Bouvet Island 布維島
BV
BVT
Brazil 巴西
BR
BRA
Argentina AR ARG
Armenia AM ARM
Aruba AW ABW
Australia AU AUS
Austria AT AUT
Azerbaijan AZ AZE
Bahamas BS BHS
Bahrain BH BHR
Bangladesh BD BGD
Barbados BB BRB
Belarus BY BLR
Belgium BE BEL
Belize BZ BLZ
Benin BJ BEN
Bermuda BM BMU
Bhutan BT BTN
Bolivia, Plurinational State of BO BOL
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba BQ BES
Bosnia and Herzegovina BA BIH
Botswana BW BWA
Bouvet Island BV BVT
Brazil BR BRA| Argentina | AR | ARG |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Armenia | AM | ARM |
| Aruba | AW | ABW |
| Australia | AU | AUS |
| Austria | AT | AUT |
| Azerbaijan | AZ | AZE |
| Bahamas | BS | BHS |
| Bahrain | BH | BHR |
| Bangladesh | BD | BGD |
| Barbados | BB | BRB |
| Belarus | BY | BLR |
| Belgium | BE | BEL |
| Belize | BZ | BLZ |
| Benin | BJ | BEN |
| Bermuda | BM | BMU |
| Bhutan | BT | BTN |
| Bolivia, Plurinational State of | BO | BOL |
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | BQ | BES |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | BA | BIH |
| Botswana | BW | BWA |
| Bouvet Island | BV | BVT |
| Brazil | BR | BRA |
British Indian Ocean Territory 英屬印度洋領地
IO
IOT
Brunei Darussalam 汶萊達魯薩蘭國
BN
BRN
Bulgaria 保加利亞
BG
BGR
Burkina Faso 布吉納法索
BF
BFA
Burundi 蒲隆地
BI
BDI
Cabo Verde 維德角
CV
CPV
Cambodia 柬埔寨
KH
KHM
Cameroon 喀麥隆
CM
CMR
Canada 加拿大
CA
CAN
Cayman Islands 開曼群島
KY
CYM
Central African Republic 中非共和國
CF
CAF
Chad 查德
TD
TCD
Chile 智利
CL
CHL
China 中國
CN
CHN
Christmas Island 聖誕島
CX
CXR
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 可可斯(基林)群島
CC
CCK
Colombia 哥倫比亞
CO
COL
Comoros 葛摩羅
KM
COM
Congo 剛果
CG
COG
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 剛果民主共和國
CD
COD
Cook Islands 庫克群島
CK
COK
Costa Rica 哥斯大黎加
CR
CRI
British Indian Ocean Territory IO IOT
Brunei Darussalam BN BRN
Bulgaria BG BGR
Burkina Faso BF BFA
Burundi BI BDI
Cabo Verde CV CPV
Cambodia KH KHM
Cameroon CM CMR
Canada CA CAN
Cayman Islands KY CYM
Central African Republic CF CAF
Chad TD TCD
Chile CL CHL
China CN CHN
Christmas Island CX CXR
Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC CCK
Colombia CO COL
Comoros KM COM
Congo CG COG
Congo, Democratic Republic of the CD COD
Cook Islands CK COK
Costa Rica CR CRI| British Indian Ocean Territory | IO | IOT |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Brunei Darussalam | BN | BRN |
| Bulgaria | BG | BGR |
| Burkina Faso | BF | BFA |
| Burundi | BI | BDI |
| Cabo Verde | CV | CPV |
| Cambodia | KH | KHM |
| Cameroon | CM | CMR |
| Canada | CA | CAN |
| Cayman Islands | KY | CYM |
| Central African Republic | CF | CAF |
| Chad | TD | TCD |
| Chile | CL | CHL |
| China | CN | CHN |
| Christmas Island | CX | CXR |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | CC | CCK |
| Colombia | CO | COL |
| Comoros | KM | COM |
| Congo | CG | COG |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the | CD | COD |
| Cook Islands | CK | COK |
| Costa Rica | CR | CRI |
Côte d'Ivoire 象牙海岸
Cl 智利
CIV
Croatia 克羅埃西亞
HR
HRV
Cuba 古巴
CU
CUB
Curaçao 庫拉索
CW
CUW
Cyprus 賽普勒斯
CY
CYP
Czech Republic 捷克
CZ
CZE
Denmark 丹麥
DK
DNK
Djibouti 吉布地
DJ
DJI
Dominica 多米尼克
DM
DMA
Dominican Republic 多明尼加共和國
DO
DOM
Ecuador 厄瓜多爾
EC
ECU
Egypt 埃及
EG
EGY
El Salvador 薩爾瓦多
SV
SLV
Equatorial Guinea 赤道幾內亞
GQ
GNQ
Eritrea 厄利垂亞
ER
ERI
Estonia 愛沙尼亞
EE
EST
Ethiopia 衣索比亞
ET
ETH
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 福克蘭群島(馬爾維納斯群島)
FK
FLK ^(1){ }^{1}
Faroe Islands 法羅群島
FO
FRO
Fiji 斐濟
FJ
FJI
Côte d'Ivoire Cl CIV
Croatia HR HRV
Cuba CU CUB
Curaçao CW CUW
Cyprus CY CYP
Czech Republic CZ CZE
Denmark DK DNK
Djibouti DJ DJI
Dominica DM DMA
Dominican Republic DO DOM
Ecuador EC ECU
Egypt EG EGY
El Salvador SV SLV
Equatorial Guinea GQ GNQ
Eritrea ER ERI
Estonia EE EST
Ethiopia ET ETH
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) FK FLK ^(1)
Faroe Islands FO FRO
Fiji FJ FJI| Côte d'Ivoire | Cl | CIV |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Croatia | HR | HRV |
| Cuba | CU | CUB |
| Curaçao | CW | CUW |
| Cyprus | CY | CYP |
| Czech Republic | CZ | CZE |
| Denmark | DK | DNK |
| Djibouti | DJ | DJI |
| Dominica | DM | DMA |
| Dominican Republic | DO | DOM |
| Ecuador | EC | ECU |
| Egypt | EG | EGY |
| El Salvador | SV | SLV |
| Equatorial Guinea | GQ | GNQ |
| Eritrea | ER | ERI |
| Estonia | EE | EST |
| Ethiopia | ET | ETH |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | FK | FLK ${ }^{1}$ |
| Faroe Islands | FO | FRO |
| Fiji | FJ | FJI |
1 A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). 阿根廷政府與大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國政府就福克蘭群島(馬爾維納斯群島)的主權存在爭議。
Finland 芬蘭
FI
FIN
France 法國
FR
FRA
French Guiana 法屬圭亞那
GF
GUF
French Polynesia 法屬玻里尼西亞
PF
PYF
French Southern Territories 法屬南部領地
TF
ATF
Gabon 加彭
GA
GAB
Gambia 甘比亞
GM
GMB
Georgia 喬治亞州
GE
GEO
Germany 德國
DE
D
Ghana 迦納
GH
GHA
Gibraltar 直布羅陀
GI
GIB
Greece 希臘
GR
GRC
Greenland 格陵蘭島
GL
GRL
Grenada 格瑞那達
GD
GRD
Guadeloupe 瓜德羅普
GP
GLP
Guam 關島
GU
GUM
Guatemala 瓜地馬拉
GT
GTM
Guernsey 根西島
GG
GGY
Guinea 幾內亞
GN
GIN
Guinea-Bissau 幾內亞比索
GW
GNB
Guyana 蓋亞那
GY
GUY
Haiti 海地
HT
HTI
Finland FI FIN
France FR FRA
French Guiana GF GUF
French Polynesia PF PYF
French Southern Territories TF ATF
Gabon GA GAB
Gambia GM GMB
Georgia GE GEO
Germany DE D
Ghana GH GHA
Gibraltar GI GIB
Greece GR GRC
Greenland GL GRL
Grenada GD GRD
Guadeloupe GP GLP
Guam GU GUM
Guatemala GT GTM
Guernsey GG GGY
Guinea GN GIN
Guinea-Bissau GW GNB
Guyana GY GUY
Haiti HT HTI| Finland | FI | FIN |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| France | FR | FRA |
| French Guiana | GF | GUF |
| French Polynesia | PF | PYF |
| French Southern Territories | TF | ATF |
| Gabon | GA | GAB |
| Gambia | GM | GMB |
| Georgia | GE | GEO |
| Germany | DE | D |
| Ghana | GH | GHA |
| Gibraltar | GI | GIB |
| Greece | GR | GRC |
| Greenland | GL | GRL |
| Grenada | GD | GRD |
| Guadeloupe | GP | GLP |
| Guam | GU | GUM |
| Guatemala | GT | GTM |
| Guernsey | GG | GGY |
| Guinea | GN | GIN |
| Guinea-Bissau | GW | GNB |
| Guyana | GY | GUY |
| Haiti | HT | HTI |
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 赫德島與麥當勞群島
HM
HMD
Holy See (Vatican City State) 教廷(梵蒂岡城國)
VA
VAT
Honduras 宏都拉斯
HN
HND
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 中國香港特別行政區
HK
HKG
Hungary 匈牙利
HU
HUN
Iceland 冰島
IS
ISL
India 印度
IN
IND
Indonesia 印尼
ID
IDN
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 伊朗(伊斯蘭共和國)
IR
IRN
Iraq 伊拉克
IQ
IRQ
Ireland 愛爾蘭
IE
IRL
Isle of Man 曼島
IM
IMN
Israel 以色列
IL
ISR
Italy 義大利
IT
ITA
Jamaica 牙買加
JM
JAM
Japan 日本
JP
JPN
Jersey 澤西島
JE
JEY
Jordan 約旦
JO
JOR
Kazakhstan 哈薩克
KZ
KAZ
Kenya 肯亞
KE
KEN
Kiribati 吉里巴斯
KI
KIR
Heard Island and McDonald Islands HM HMD
Holy See (Vatican City State) VA VAT
Honduras HN HND
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China HK HKG
Hungary HU HUN
Iceland IS ISL
India IN IND
Indonesia ID IDN
Iran (Islamic Republic of) IR IRN
Iraq IQ IRQ
Ireland IE IRL
Isle of Man IM IMN
Israel IL ISR
Italy IT ITA
Jamaica JM JAM
Japan JP JPN
Jersey JE JEY
Jordan JO JOR
Kazakhstan KZ KAZ
Kenya KE KEN
Kiribati KI KIR| Heard Island and McDonald Islands | HM | HMD |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Holy See (Vatican City State) | VA | VAT |
| Honduras | HN | HND |
| Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China | HK | HKG |
| Hungary | HU | HUN |
| Iceland | IS | ISL |
| India | IN | IND |
| Indonesia | ID | IDN |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | IR | IRN |
| Iraq | IQ | IRQ |
| Ireland | IE | IRL |
| Isle of Man | IM | IMN |
| Israel | IL | ISR |
| Italy | IT | ITA |
| Jamaica | JM | JAM |
| Japan | JP | JPN |
| Jersey | JE | JEY |
| Jordan | JO | JOR |
| Kazakhstan | KZ | KAZ |
| Kenya | KE | KEN |
| Kiribati | KI | KIR |
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 北韓
KP
PRK
Korea, Republic of 南韓
KR
KOR
Kuwait 科威特
KW
KWT
Kyrgyzstan 吉爾吉斯
KG
KGZ
Lao People's Democratic Republic 寮人民民主共和國
LA
LAO
Latvia 拉脫維亞
LV
LVA
Lebanon 黎巴嫩
LB
LBN
Lesotho 賴索托
LS
LSO
Liberia 賴比瑞亞
LR
LBR
Libya 利比亞
LY
LBY
Liechtenstein 列支敦斯登
LI
LIE
Lithuania 立陶宛
LT
LTU
Luxembourg 盧森堡
LU
LUX
Macao Special Administrative Region of China 中國澳門特別行政區
MO
MAC
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of 馬其頓(前南斯拉夫共和國)
MK
MKD
Madagascar 馬達加斯加
MG
MDG
Malawi 馬拉威
MW
MWI
Malaysia 馬來西亞
MY
MYS
Maldives 馬爾地夫
MV
MDV
Mali 馬里
ML
MLI
Malta 馬爾他
MT
MLT
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of KP PRK
Korea, Republic of KR KOR
Kuwait KW KWT
Kyrgyzstan KG KGZ
Lao People's Democratic Republic LA LAO
Latvia LV LVA
Lebanon LB LBN
Lesotho LS LSO
Liberia LR LBR
Libya LY LBY
Liechtenstein LI LIE
Lithuania LT LTU
Luxembourg LU LUX
Macao Special Administrative Region of China MO MAC
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of MK MKD
Madagascar MG MDG
Malawi MW MWI
Malaysia MY MYS
Maldives MV MDV
Mali ML MLI
Malta MT MLT| Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | KP | PRK |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Korea, Republic of | KR | KOR |
| Kuwait | KW | KWT |
| Kyrgyzstan | KG | KGZ |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | LA | LAO |
| Latvia | LV | LVA |
| Lebanon | LB | LBN |
| Lesotho | LS | LSO |
| Liberia | LR | LBR |
| Libya | LY | LBY |
| Liechtenstein | LI | LIE |
| Lithuania | LT | LTU |
| Luxembourg | LU | LUX |
| Macao Special Administrative Region of China | MO | MAC |
| Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of | MK | MKD |
| Madagascar | MG | MDG |
| Malawi | MW | MWI |
| Malaysia | MY | MYS |
| Maldives | MV | MDV |
| Mali | ML | MLI |
| Malta | MT | MLT |
Marshall Islands 馬紹爾群島
MH
MHL
Martinique 馬丁尼克島
MQ
MTQ
Mauritania 茅利塔尼亞
MR
MRT
Mauritius 模里西斯
MU
MUS
Mayotte 馬約特島
YT
MYT
Mexico 墨西哥
MX
MEX
Micronesia (Federated States of) 密克羅尼西亞(聯邦)
FM
FSM
Moldova, Republic of 摩爾多瓦共和國
MD
MDA
Monaco 摩納哥
MC
MCO
Mongolia 蒙古
MN
MNG
Montenegro 蒙特內哥羅
ME
MNE
Montserrat 蒙特塞拉特
MS
MSR
Morocco 摩洛哥
MA
MAR
Mozambique 莫三比克
MZ
MOZ
Myanmar 緬甸
MM
MMR
Namibia 納米比亞
NA
NAM
Nauru 諾魯
NR
NRU
Nepal 尼泊爾
NP
NPL
Netherlands 荷蘭
NL
NLD
Netherlands Antilles 荷屬安地列斯群島
AN
ANT
Neutral Zone 中立區
NT
NTZ
New Caledonia 新喀里多尼亞
NC
NCL
Marshall Islands MH MHL
Martinique MQ MTQ
Mauritania MR MRT
Mauritius MU MUS
Mayotte YT MYT
Mexico MX MEX
Micronesia (Federated States of) FM FSM
Moldova, Republic of MD MDA
Monaco MC MCO
Mongolia MN MNG
Montenegro ME MNE
Montserrat MS MSR
Morocco MA MAR
Mozambique MZ MOZ
Myanmar MM MMR
Namibia NA NAM
Nauru NR NRU
Nepal NP NPL
Netherlands NL NLD
Netherlands Antilles AN ANT
Neutral Zone NT NTZ
New Caledonia NC NCL| Marshall Islands | MH | MHL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Martinique | MQ | MTQ |
| Mauritania | MR | MRT |
| Mauritius | MU | MUS |
| Mayotte | YT | MYT |
| Mexico | MX | MEX |
| Micronesia (Federated States of) | FM | FSM |
| Moldova, Republic of | MD | MDA |
| Monaco | MC | MCO |
| Mongolia | MN | MNG |
| Montenegro | ME | MNE |
| Montserrat | MS | MSR |
| Morocco | MA | MAR |
| Mozambique | MZ | MOZ |
| Myanmar | MM | MMR |
| Namibia | NA | NAM |
| Nauru | NR | NRU |
| Nepal | NP | NPL |
| Netherlands | NL | NLD |
| Netherlands Antilles | AN | ANT |
| Neutral Zone | NT | NTZ |
| New Caledonia | NC | NCL |
New Zealand 紐西蘭
NZ
NZL
Nicaragua 尼加拉瓜
NI
NIC
Niger 尼日爾
NE
NER
Nigeria 奈及利亞
NG
NGA
Niue 紐埃
NU
NIU
Norfolk Island 諾福克島
NF
NFK
Northern Mariana Islands 北馬里亞納群島
MP
MNP
Norway 挪威
NO
NOR
Oman 阿曼
OM
OMN
Pakistan 巴基斯坦
PK
PAK
Palau 帛琉
PW
PLW
Palestine, State of 巴勒斯坦國
PS
PSE
Panama 巴拿馬
PA
PAN
Papua New Guinea 巴布亞紐幾內亞
PG
PNG
Paraguay 巴拉圭
PY
PRY
Peru 秘魯
PE
PER
Philippines 菲律賓
PH
PHL
Pitcairn 皮特凱恩島
PN
PCN
Poland 波蘭
PL
POL
Portugal 葡萄牙
PT
PRT
Puerto Rico 波多黎各
PR
PRI
Qatar 卡達
QA
QAT
New Zealand NZ NZL
Nicaragua NI NIC
Niger NE NER
Nigeria NG NGA
Niue NU NIU
Norfolk Island NF NFK
Northern Mariana Islands MP MNP
Norway NO NOR
Oman OM OMN
Pakistan PK PAK
Palau PW PLW
Palestine, State of PS PSE
Panama PA PAN
Papua New Guinea PG PNG
Paraguay PY PRY
Peru PE PER
Philippines PH PHL
Pitcairn PN PCN
Poland PL POL
Portugal PT PRT
Puerto Rico PR PRI
Qatar QA QAT| New Zealand | NZ | NZL |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Nicaragua | NI | NIC |
| Niger | NE | NER |
| Nigeria | NG | NGA |
| Niue | NU | NIU |
| Norfolk Island | NF | NFK |
| Northern Mariana Islands | MP | MNP |
| Norway | NO | NOR |
| Oman | OM | OMN |
| Pakistan | PK | PAK |
| Palau | PW | PLW |
| Palestine, State of | PS | PSE |
| Panama | PA | PAN |
| Papua New Guinea | PG | PNG |
| Paraguay | PY | PRY |
| Peru | PE | PER |
| Philippines | PH | PHL |
| Pitcairn | PN | PCN |
| Poland | PL | POL |
| Portugal | PT | PRT |
| Puerto Rico | PR | PRI |
| Qatar | QA | QAT |
Réunion 留尼旺島
RE
REU
Romania 羅馬尼亞
RO
ROU
Russian Federation 俄羅斯聯邦
RU
RUS
Rwanda 盧安達
RW
RWA
Saint Barthélemy 聖巴托洛繆島
BL
BLM
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 聖赫勒拿、阿森松和崔斯坦達庫尼亞
SH
SHN
Saint Kitts and Nevis 聖克里斯多福及尼維斯
KN
KNA
Saint Lucia 聖露西亞
LC
LCA
Saint Martin (French part) 聖馬丁(法屬)
MF
MAF
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 聖皮埃爾及密克隆群島
PM
SPM
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 聖文森及格瑞那丁
VC
VCT
Samoa 薩摩亞
WS
WSM
San Marino 聖馬利諾
SM
SMR
Sao Tome and Principe 聖多美普林西比
ST
STP
Saudi Arabia 沙烏地阿拉伯
SA
SAU
Senegal 塞內加爾
SN
SEN
Serbia 塞爾維亞
RS
SRB
Seychelles 塞席爾
SC
SYC
Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂
SL
SLE
Singapore 新加坡
SG
SGP
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 荷屬聖馬丁
SX
SXM
Slovakia 斯洛伐克
SK
SVK
Réunion RE REU
Romania RO ROU
Russian Federation RU RUS
Rwanda RW RWA
Saint Barthélemy BL BLM
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha SH SHN
Saint Kitts and Nevis KN KNA
Saint Lucia LC LCA
Saint Martin (French part) MF MAF
Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM SPM
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC VCT
Samoa WS WSM
San Marino SM SMR
Sao Tome and Principe ST STP
Saudi Arabia SA SAU
Senegal SN SEN
Serbia RS SRB
Seychelles SC SYC
Sierra Leone SL SLE
Singapore SG SGP
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) SX SXM
Slovakia SK SVK| Réunion | RE | REU |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Romania | RO | ROU |
| Russian Federation | RU | RUS |
| Rwanda | RW | RWA |
| Saint Barthélemy | BL | BLM |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | SH | SHN |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | KN | KNA |
| Saint Lucia | LC | LCA |
| Saint Martin (French part) | MF | MAF |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | PM | SPM |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | VC | VCT |
| Samoa | WS | WSM |
| San Marino | SM | SMR |
| Sao Tome and Principe | ST | STP |
| Saudi Arabia | SA | SAU |
| Senegal | SN | SEN |
| Serbia | RS | SRB |
| Seychelles | SC | SYC |
| Sierra Leone | SL | SLE |
| Singapore | SG | SGP |
| Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | SX | SXM |
| Slovakia | SK | SVK |
Slovenia 斯洛維尼亞
SI
SVN
Solomon Islands 所羅門群島
SB
SLB
Somalia 索馬利亞
SO
SOM
South Africa 南非
ZA
ZAF
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 南喬治亞及南桑威奇群島
GS
SGS
South Sudan 南蘇丹
SS
SSD
Spain 西班牙
ES
ESP
Sri Lanka 斯里蘭卡
LK
LKA
Sudan 蘇丹
SD
SDN
Suriname 蘇利南
SR
SUR
Svalbard and Jan Mayen 斯瓦巴及揚馬延群島
SJ
SJM
Swaziland 史瓦帝尼(原名史瓦濟蘭)
SZ
SWZ
Sweden 瑞典
SE
SWE
Switzerland 瑞士
CH
CHE
Syrian Arab Republic 敘利亞阿拉伯共和國
SY
SYR
Taiwan Province of China 中國台灣省
TW
TWN
Tajikistan 塔吉克斯坦
TJ
TJK
Tanzania, United Republic of 坦尚尼亞聯合共和國
TZ
TZA
Thailand 泰國
TH
THA
Timor-Leste 東帝汶
TL
TLS
Togo 多哥
TG
TGO
Tokelau 托克勞群島
TK
TKL
Slovenia SI SVN
Solomon Islands SB SLB
Somalia SO SOM
South Africa ZA ZAF
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS SGS
South Sudan SS SSD
Spain ES ESP
Sri Lanka LK LKA
Sudan SD SDN
Suriname SR SUR
Svalbard and Jan Mayen SJ SJM
Swaziland SZ SWZ
Sweden SE SWE
Switzerland CH CHE
Syrian Arab Republic SY SYR
Taiwan Province of China TW TWN
Tajikistan TJ TJK
Tanzania, United Republic of TZ TZA
Thailand TH THA
Timor-Leste TL TLS
Togo TG TGO
Tokelau TK TKL| Slovenia | SI | SVN |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Solomon Islands | SB | SLB |
| Somalia | SO | SOM |
| South Africa | ZA | ZAF |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | GS | SGS |
| South Sudan | SS | SSD |
| Spain | ES | ESP |
| Sri Lanka | LK | LKA |
| Sudan | SD | SDN |
| Suriname | SR | SUR |
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen | SJ | SJM |
| Swaziland | SZ | SWZ |
| Sweden | SE | SWE |
| Switzerland | CH | CHE |
| Syrian Arab Republic | SY | SYR |
| Taiwan Province of China | TW | TWN |
| Tajikistan | TJ | TJK |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | TZ | TZA |
| Thailand | TH | THA |
| Timor-Leste | TL | TLS |
| Togo | TG | TGO |
| Tokelau | TK | TKL |
Tonga 東加
TO
TON
Trinidad and Tobago 千里達及托巴哥
TT
TTO
Tunisia 突尼西亞
TN
TUN
Turkey 土耳其
TR
TUR
Turkmenistan 土庫曼
TM
TKM
Turks and Caicos Islands 土克斯和凱科斯群島
TC
TCA
Tuvalu 吐瓦魯
TV
TUV
Uganda 烏干達
UG
UGA
Ukraine 烏克蘭
UA
UKR
United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯聯合大公國
AE
ARE
United Kingdom 英國
GB
- British Citizen - 英國公民
GBR
- British Overseas Territories Citizen - 英國海外領土公民
GBD*
- British National (Overseas) - 英國海外國民身份(英國國民海外)
GBN*
- British Overseas Citizen - 英國海外公民
GBO*
- British Protected person - 英國保護人
GBP*
Tonga TO TON
Trinidad and Tobago TT TTO
Tunisia TN TUN
Turkey TR TUR
Turkmenistan TM TKM
Turks and Caicos Islands TC TCA
Tuvalu TV TUV
Uganda UG UGA
Ukraine UA UKR
United Arab Emirates AE ARE
United Kingdom GB
- British Citizen GBR
- British Overseas Territories Citizen GBD*
- British National (Overseas) GBN*
- British Overseas Citizen GBO*
- British Protected person GBP*| Tonga | TO | TON |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Trinidad and Tobago | TT | TTO |
| Tunisia | TN | TUN |
| Turkey | TR | TUR |
| Turkmenistan | TM | TKM |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | TC | TCA |
| Tuvalu | TV | TUV |
| Uganda | UG | UGA |
| Ukraine | UA | UKR |
| United Arab Emirates | AE | ARE |
| United Kingdom | GB | |
| - British Citizen | | GBR |
| - British Overseas Territories Citizen | | GBD* |
| - British National (Overseas) | | GBN* |
| - British Overseas Citizen | | GBO* |
| - British Protected person | | GBP* |
- British Subject - 英國臣民
GBS*
United States 美國
US
USA
United States Minor Outlying Islands 美國本土外小型島嶼
UM
UMI
Uruguay 烏拉圭
UY
URY
Uzbekistan 烏茲別克斯坦
UZ
UZB
Vanuatu 萬那杜
VU
VUT
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國
VE
VEN
Viet Nam 越南
VN
VNM
Virgin Islands (British) 英屬維爾京群島
VG
VGB
Virgin Islands (U.S.) 美屬維爾京群島
VI
VIR
Wallis and Futuna 瓦利斯群島和富圖納群島
WF
WLF
Western Sahara 西撒哈拉
EH
ESH
Yemen 葉門
YE
YEM
Zambia 尚比亞
ZM
ZMB
Zimbabwe 辛巴威
ZW
ZWE
- British Subject GBS*
United States US USA
United States Minor Outlying Islands UM UMI
Uruguay UY URY
Uzbekistan UZ UZB
Vanuatu VU VUT
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of VE VEN
Viet Nam VN VNM
Virgin Islands (British) VG VGB
Virgin Islands (U.S.) VI VIR
Wallis and Futuna WF WLF
Western Sahara EH ESH
Yemen YE YEM
Zambia ZM ZMB
Zimbabwe ZW ZWE| - British Subject | | GBS* |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| United States | US | USA |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | UM | UMI |
| Uruguay | UY | URY |
| Uzbekistan | UZ | UZB |
| Vanuatu | VU | VUT |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | VE | VEN |
| Viet Nam | VN | VNM |
| Virgin Islands (British) | VG | VGB |
| Virgin Islands (U.S.) | VI | VIR |
| Wallis and Futuna | WF | WLF |
| Western Sahara | EH | ESH |
| Yemen | YE | YEM |
| Zambia | ZM | ZMB |
| Zimbabwe | ZW | ZWE |
Part B — Codes for Use in United Nations Travel Documents 第二部分 — 聯合國旅行文件使用代碼
United Nations Organization or one of its officials 聯合國組織或其任何官員
ZZ
UNO
United Nations specialized agency or one of its officials 聯合國專門機構或其任何官員
ZZ
UNA
Resident of Kosovo to whom a travel document has been issued by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) 經聯合國科索沃臨時行政特派團(UNMIK)核發旅行文件之科索沃居民
UNK
United Nations Organization or one of its officials ZZ UNO
United Nations specialized agency or one of its officials ZZ UNA
Resident of Kosovo to whom a travel document has been issued by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) UNK| United Nations Organization or one of its officials | ZZ | UNO |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| United Nations specialized agency or one of its officials | ZZ | UNA |
| Resident of Kosovo to whom a travel document has been issued by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) | | UNK |
Part C — Codes for Other Issuing Authorities 丙部 — 其他簽發機關代碼
African Export-Import Bank (AFREXIM bank) 非洲進出口銀行(非洲進出口銀行)
XIM
Caribbean Community or one of its emissaries (CARICOM) 加勒比共同體或其代表(加勒比共同體)
XCC
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) 東非及南非共同市場(東非及南非共同市場)
XCO
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) 國際刑警組織(國際刑警組織)
XPO
Sovereign Military Order of Malta or one of its emissaries 馬爾他騎士團或其特使
XOM
African Export-Import Bank (AFREXIM bank) XIM
Caribbean Community or one of its emissaries (CARICOM) XCC
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) XCO
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) XPO
Sovereign Military Order of Malta or one of its emissaries XOM| African Export-Import Bank (AFREXIM bank) | XIM |
| :--- | :--- |
| Caribbean Community or one of its emissaries (CARICOM) | XCC |
| Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) | XCO |
| International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) | XPO |
| Sovereign Military Order of Malta or one of its emissaries | XOM |
Part D — Codes for Persons Without a Defined Nationality 第 D 部分 — 無明確國籍者之代碼
Stateless person, as defined in Article 1 of the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons 依 1954 年《無國籍人地位公約》第 1 條定義之無國籍人
XXA
Refugee, as defined in Article 1 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees as amended by the 1967 Protocol 依 1951 年《難民地位公約》並經 1967 年議定書修訂之第 1 條定義之難民
XXB
Refugee, other than as defined under the code XXB above 除上述法典 XXB 所定義外的難民
XXC
Person of unspecified nationality, for whom issuing State does not consider it necessary to specify any of the codes XXA, XXB or XXC above, whatever that person's status may be. This category may include a person who is neither stateless nor a refugee but who is of unknown nationality and legally residing in the State of issue. 對於發證國家認為無需指定上述代碼 XXA、XXB 或 XXC 的無特定國籍人士,不論該人的狀態為何。此類別可能包括既非無國籍者也非難民,但屬於未知國籍且合法居住在發證國的人。
XXX
Stateless person, as defined in Article 1 of the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons XXA
Refugee, as defined in Article 1 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees as amended by the 1967 Protocol XXB
Refugee, other than as defined under the code XXB above XXC
Person of unspecified nationality, for whom issuing State does not consider it necessary to specify any of the codes XXA, XXB or XXC above, whatever that person's status may be. This category may include a person who is neither stateless nor a refugee but who is of unknown nationality and legally residing in the State of issue. XXX| Stateless person, as defined in Article 1 of the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons | XXA |
| :--- | :--- |
| Refugee, as defined in Article 1 of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees as amended by the 1967 Protocol | XXB |
| Refugee, other than as defined under the code XXB above | XXC |
| Person of unspecified nationality, for whom issuing State does not consider it necessary to specify any of the codes XXA, XXB or XXC above, whatever that person's status may be. This category may include a person who is neither stateless nor a refugee but who is of unknown nationality and legally residing in the State of issue. | XXX |
6. TRANSLITERATIONS RECOMMENDED FOR USE BY STATES 6. 建議供各國使用的音譯
The following tables contain the most commonly used national characters of the Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic families of languages. 下列表格包含拉丁、西里爾文和阿拉伯語系最常用的國家文字。
A. Transliteration of Multinational Latin-based Characters A. 多國拉丁文字的音譯
Unicode 統一碼
National character 國家字元
Description 描述
Recommended transliteration 建議音譯
00C1
Á 尖音 Á
A acute 尖音 A
A
00C0
À 重音 À
A grave 重音 A
A
00C2
Â
A circumflex 一個揚抑符號
A
00C4
Ä
A diaeresis 一個分音符號
AE or A 字母變體或 A 字母
00C3
à à 字母
A tilde A 波浪符號
A
0102
Ă Ă 字母
A breve 短音符
A
00C5
"Å"\AA
A ring 環形符號
AA or A AA 或 A
0100
bar(A)\bar{A}
A macron 長音符
A
0104
A
A ogonek 一個變音符
A
0106
Ć 大寫Ć
C acute 附加重音的 C
C
0108
C
C circumflex 戴頂符的 C
C
010C
Ć
C caron C háček(語音變音符號)
C
010A
Ċ
C dot accent C 上加點
C
00C7
Ç
C cedilla C 下標符號
C
0110
Đ
Eth 乙字母
D
010E
Ď
D caron D 上加符號
D
00C9
É
E acute E 上加銳音符
E
00C8
È
E grave é 重音符號的 E
E
00CA
Ê
E circumflex Ê 字母(頂部有抑揚符的 E)
E
00CB
Ë
E diaeresis E 帶分音符號
E
011A
É
E caron E 帶抑揚符
E
0116
Ė
E dot accent E 上方附點
E
0112
E
E macron E 長音符號
E
0118
E
E ogonek E 下鉤音符號
E
0114
E
E breve 短音 E
E
011C
G
G circumflex 帶抑揚符號的 G
G
011E
Ğ
G breve 符號圓弧的 G
G
0120
Ġ
G dot accent G 點重音符
G
0122
Ģ
G cedilla G 下加變音符
G
0126
H
H bar H 橫桿
H
0124
A
H circumflex Ĥ(H 尖音符)
H
Unicode National character Description Recommended transliteration
00C1 Á A acute A
00C0 À A grave A
00C2 Â A circumflex A
00C4 Ä A diaeresis AE or A
00C3 Ã A tilde A
0102 Ă A breve A
00C5 "Å" A ring AA or A
0100 bar(A) A macron A
0104 A A ogonek A
0106 Ć C acute C
0108 C C circumflex C
010C Ć C caron C
010A Ċ C dot accent C
00C7 Ç C cedilla C
0110 Đ Eth D
010E Ď D caron D
00C9 É E acute E
00C8 È E grave E
00CA Ê E circumflex E
00CB Ë E diaeresis E
011A É E caron E
0116 Ė E dot accent E
0112 E E macron E
0118 E E ogonek E
0114 E E breve E
011C G G circumflex G
011E Ğ G breve G
0120 Ġ G dot accent G
0122 Ģ G cedilla G
0126 H H bar H
0124 A H circumflex H| Unicode | National character | Description | Recommended transliteration |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 00C1 | Á | A acute | A |
| 00C0 | À | A grave | A |
| 00C2 | Â | A circumflex | A |
| 00C4 | Ä | A diaeresis | AE or A |
| 00C3 | Ã | A tilde | A |
| 0102 | Ă | A breve | A |
| 00C5 | $\AA$ | A ring | AA or A |
| 0100 | $\bar{A}$ | A macron | A |
| 0104 | A | A ogonek | A |
| 0106 | Ć | C acute | C |
| 0108 | C | C circumflex | C |
| 010C | Ć | C caron | C |
| 010A | Ċ | C dot accent | C |
| 00C7 | Ç | C cedilla | C |
| 0110 | Đ | Eth | D |
| 010E | Ď | D caron | D |
| 00C9 | É | E acute | E |
| 00C8 | È | E grave | E |
| 00CA | Ê | E circumflex | E |
| 00CB | Ë | E diaeresis | E |
| 011A | É | E caron | E |
| 0116 | Ė | E dot accent | E |
| 0112 | E | E macron | E |
| 0118 | E | E ogonek | E |
| 0114 | E | E breve | E |
| 011C | G | G circumflex | G |
| 011E | Ğ | G breve | G |
| 0120 | Ġ | G dot accent | G |
| 0122 | Ģ | G cedilla | G |
| 0126 | H | H bar | H |
| 0124 | A | H circumflex | H |
Unicode 統一碼
National character 國家字元
Description 描述
Recommended transliteration 建議音譯
I
I without dot (Turkey) 無點 I(土耳其)
I
00CD
í
I acute 尖音 I
I
00CC
ì
I grave 我壓低音符
I
00CE
î
I circumflex 我揚抑符
I
00CF
Ï
I diaeresis 我分音符號
1
0128
Ĩ
I tilde I 波浪號
I
0130
i
I dot accent I 點重音
I
012A
İ
1 macron 1 變音符號
I
012E
1
I ogonek I 尾鉤
1
012C
Ǐ
I breve 我的簡短
1
0134
J
J circumflex J 抑揚符
J
0136
Ķ
K cedilla K 變音符號
K
0141
Ł 大寫 L 帶有上方豎線的變音字母
L slash L 帶斜線
L
0139
Ĺ 帶銳音符的大寫 L
L acute 銳音符 L
L
013D
L' 大寫 L'
L caron 大寫 L 加上 caron 符號
L
013B
L
L cedilla 大寫 L 加上 cedilla 符號
L
013F
L
L dot 大寫 L 加上點
L
0143
Ń
N acute N 尖音符
N
00D1
Ñ
N tilde N 波浪符號
N or NXX N 或 NXX
0147
Ň
N caron N 上方加 háček 變音符號
N
0145
Ņ
N cedilla N 捲舌字母
N
014B
eta\eta
Eng 英文
N
00D8
O/\varnothing
O slash O 帶斜線字母
OE
00D3
Ó Ó 字母
O acute Ó
O
00D2
Ò
O grave Ò重音符號
O
00D4
Ô
O circumflex Ô
O
00D6
Ö
O diaeresis Ö 變音符號
OE or O OE 或 O
00D5
Õ
O tilde O 波形符號
O
0150
Ő
O double acute O 雙尖音符號
O
014C
Ō
O macron 長音符號 O
O
014E
Ŏ
O breve 短音符號 O
O
0154
R
R acute Ŕ
R
0158
R
R caron Ř
R
0156
Ŗ
R cedilla Ŗ
R
015A
S
S acute Ś
S
015C
Ş Ș
S circumflex Ŝ
S
0160
Š
S caron Š
S
Unicode National character Description Recommended transliteration
I I without dot (Turkey) I
00CD í I acute I
00CC ì I grave I
00CE î I circumflex I
00CF Ï I diaeresis 1
0128 Ĩ I tilde I
0130 i I dot accent I
012A İ 1 macron I
012E 1 I ogonek 1
012C Ǐ I breve 1
0134 J J circumflex J
0136 Ķ K cedilla K
0141 Ł L slash L
0139 Ĺ L acute L
013D L' L caron L
013B L L cedilla L
013F L L dot L
0143 Ń N acute N
00D1 Ñ N tilde N or NXX
0147 Ň N caron N
0145 Ņ N cedilla N
014B eta Eng N
00D8 O/ O slash OE
00D3 Ó O acute O
00D2 Ò O grave O
00D4 Ô O circumflex O
00D6 Ö O diaeresis OE or O
00D5 Õ O tilde O
0150 Ő O double acute O
014C Ō O macron O
014E Ŏ O breve O
0154 R R acute R
0158 R R caron R
0156 Ŗ R cedilla R
015A S S acute S
015C Ş S circumflex S
0160 Š S caron S| Unicode | National character | Description | Recommended transliteration |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| | I | I without dot (Turkey) | I |
| 00CD | í | I acute | I |
| 00CC | ì | I grave | I |
| 00CE | î | I circumflex | I |
| 00CF | Ï | I diaeresis | 1 |
| 0128 | Ĩ | I tilde | I |
| 0130 | i | I dot accent | I |
| 012A | İ | 1 macron | I |
| 012E | 1 | I ogonek | 1 |
| 012C | Ǐ | I breve | 1 |
| 0134 | J | J circumflex | J |
| 0136 | Ķ | K cedilla | K |
| 0141 | Ł | L slash | L |
| 0139 | Ĺ | L acute | L |
| 013D | L' | L caron | L |
| 013B | L | L cedilla | L |
| 013F | L | L dot | L |
| 0143 | Ń | N acute | N |
| 00D1 | Ñ | N tilde | N or NXX |
| 0147 | Ň | N caron | N |
| 0145 | Ņ | N cedilla | N |
| 014B | $\eta$ | Eng | N |
| 00D8 | $\varnothing$ | O slash | OE |
| 00D3 | Ó | O acute | O |
| 00D2 | Ò | O grave | O |
| 00D4 | Ô | O circumflex | O |
| 00D6 | Ö | O diaeresis | OE or O |
| 00D5 | Õ | O tilde | O |
| 0150 | Ő | O double acute | O |
| 014C | Ō | O macron | O |
| 014E | Ŏ | O breve | O |
| 0154 | R | R acute | R |
| 0158 | R | R caron | R |
| 0156 | Ŗ | R cedilla | R |
| 015A | S | S acute | S |
| 015C | Ş | S circumflex | S |
| 0160 | Š | S caron | S |
Unicode 統一碼
National character 國民性格
Description 描述
Recommended transliteration 建議音譯
015E
Ş
S cedilla S 附加符號
S
0166
干
T bar T 直線符號
T
0164
T
T caron T 鋸齒符號
T
0162
T
T cedilla T 下標圓點符號
T
00DA
Ú
U acute U 尖音符
U
00D9
Ù
U grave U 重音符
U
00DB
Û
U circumflex U 揚抑符
U
00DC
Ü
U diaeresis U 分音符
UE or UXX or U UE 或 UXX 或 U
0168
Ũ
U tilde U 波形符號
U
016C
Ŭ
U breve U 短音符
U
0170
Ű
U double acute U 雙尖音符
U
016E
பீ
U ring 您的指環
U
016A
Ū 有
U macron 長音符號的 U
U
0172
Y
U ogonek 帶下鉤的 U
U
0174
W
W circumflex Ŵ
W
00DD
Ý
Y acute Ÿ
Y
0176
hat(Y)\hat{Y}
Y circumflex Ŷ
Y
0178
Y
Y diaeresis 大寫 Y 變音符號
Y
0179
Ź 大寫 Ź 字母
ZZ acute ZZ 尖音符
Z
017D
Ž 大寫 Ž 字母
Z caron Z 加勒文
Z
017B
Ż
Z dot Z 點
Z
00FE
D
Thorn (Iceland) 托恩字母(冰島)
TH
00C6
Æ
ligature AE 連字 AE
AE
0132
IJ
ligature IJ 連字 IJ
IJ
0152
E\mathbb{E}
ligature OE 連字 OE
OE
00DF
B
double s (Germany) 雙字母 (德國)
SS
Unicode National character Description Recommended transliteration
015E Ş S cedilla S
0166 干 T bar T
0164 T T caron T
0162 T T cedilla T
00DA Ú U acute U
00D9 Ù U grave U
00DB Û U circumflex U
00DC Ü U diaeresis UE or UXX or U
0168 Ũ U tilde U
016C Ŭ U breve U
0170 Ű U double acute U
016E பீ U ring U
016A Ū U macron U
0172 Y U ogonek U
0174 W W circumflex W
00DD Ý Y acute Y
0176 hat(Y) Y circumflex Y
0178 Y Y diaeresis Y
0179 Ź Z acute Z
017D Ž Z caron Z
017B Ż Z dot Z
00FE D Thorn (Iceland) TH
00C6 Æ ligature AE AE
0132 IJ ligature IJ IJ
0152 E ligature OE OE
00DF B double s (Germany) SS| Unicode | National character | Description | Recommended transliteration |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 015E | Ş | S cedilla | S |
| 0166 | 干 | T bar | T |
| 0164 | T | T caron | T |
| 0162 | T | T cedilla | T |
| 00DA | Ú | U acute | U |
| 00D9 | Ù | U grave | U |
| 00DB | Û | U circumflex | U |
| 00DC | Ü | U diaeresis | UE or UXX or U |
| 0168 | Ũ | U tilde | U |
| 016C | Ŭ | U breve | U |
| 0170 | Ű | U double acute | U |
| 016E | பீ | U ring | U |
| 016A | Ū | U macron | U |
| 0172 | Y | U ogonek | U |
| 0174 | W | W circumflex | W |
| 00DD | Ý | Y acute | Y |
| 0176 | $\hat{Y}$ | Y circumflex | Y |
| 0178 | Y | Y diaeresis | Y |
| 0179 | Ź | $Z$ acute | Z |
| 017D | Ž | Z caron | Z |
| 017B | Ż | Z dot | Z |
| 00FE | D | Thorn (Iceland) | TH |
| 00C6 | Æ | ligature AE | AE |
| 0132 | IJ | ligature IJ | IJ |
| 0152 | $\mathbb{E}$ | ligature OE | OE |
| 00DF | B | double s (Germany) | SS |
B. Transliteration of Cyrillic Characters 乙、西里爾字母音譯
Unicode 統一碼
National character 國家字元
Recommended transliteration 建議音譯
0410
A
A
0411
Б
B
0412
B
V
0413
Г
G (except Belorussian and Serbian = H) G(除白俄羅斯文和塞爾維亞文外 = H)
0414
д
D
0415
E
E
0401
Ë
E (except Belorussian = IO) E(白俄羅斯除外 = IO)
0416
ж
ZH (except Serbian = Z) ZH(塞爾維亞除外 = Z)
0417
3
Z
0418
и
I (except Ukrainian = Y) 我(烏克蘭字母除外 = Y)
0406
I
I
0419
Й
I
041A
K
K
041B
Л
L
041C
M
M
041D
H
N
041E
O
O
041F
Pi\Pi
P
0420
P
R
0421
C
S
0422
T
T
0423
y
U
0424
Phi\Phi
F
0425
X
KH (except Serbian and in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = H) 克羅地亞文(除了塞爾維亞文和前南斯拉夫馬其頓共和國使用的語言 = H)
0426
Ц 茨
TS (except Serbian and in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = C) 茨斯(除了塞爾維亞文和前南斯拉夫馬其頓共和國使用的語言 = C)
0427
4
CH (except Serbian = C) 卡(除了塞爾維亞文 = C)
0429
Ш
SH (except Serbian = S) SH(塞爾維亞文除外 = S)
0429
щ
SHCH (except Bulgarian = SHT) SHCH(保加利亞文除外 = SHT)
042B
Ы 伊
Y
042A
ъ 硬音符
IE
042D
Э 軟音符
E
042E
Ю 尤
IU
Unicode National character Recommended transliteration
0410 A A
0411 Б B
0412 B V
0413 Г G (except Belorussian and Serbian = H)
0414 д D
0415 E E
0401 Ë E (except Belorussian = IO)
0416 ж ZH (except Serbian = Z)
0417 3 Z
0418 и I (except Ukrainian = Y)
0406 I I
0419 Й I
041A K K
041B Л L
041C M M
041D H N
041E O O
041F Pi P
0420 P R
0421 C S
0422 T T
0423 y U
0424 Phi F
0425 X KH (except Serbian and in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = H)
0426 Ц TS (except Serbian and in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = C)
0427 4 CH (except Serbian = C)
0429 Ш SH (except Serbian = S)
0429 щ SHCH (except Bulgarian = SHT)
042B Ы Y
042A ъ IE
042D Э E
042E Ю IU| Unicode | National character | Recommended transliteration |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0410 | A | A |
| 0411 | Б | B |
| 0412 | B | V |
| 0413 | Г | G (except Belorussian and Serbian = H) |
| 0414 | д | D |
| 0415 | E | E |
| 0401 | Ë | E (except Belorussian = IO) |
| 0416 | ж | ZH (except Serbian = Z) |
| 0417 | 3 | Z |
| 0418 | и | I (except Ukrainian = Y) |
| 0406 | I | I |
| 0419 | Й | I |
| 041A | K | K |
| 041B | Л | L |
| 041C | M | M |
| 041D | H | N |
| 041E | O | O |
| 041F | $\Pi$ | P |
| 0420 | P | R |
| 0421 | C | S |
| 0422 | T | T |
| 0423 | y | U |
| 0424 | $\Phi$ | F |
| 0425 | X | KH (except Serbian and in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = H) |
| 0426 | Ц | TS (except Serbian and in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = C) |
| 0427 | 4 | CH (except Serbian = C) |
| 0429 | Ш | SH (except Serbian = S) |
| 0429 | щ | SHCH (except Bulgarian = SHT) |
| 042B | Ы | Y |
| 042A | ъ | IE |
| 042D | Э | E |
| 042E | Ю | IU |
Unicode 統一碼
National character 國民性格
Recommended transliteration 建議音譯
042F
Я
IA
0476
v
Y
0490
ґ
G
045E
y̌
U
046A
ক
U
ff
G (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = GJ) G(除了在前南斯拉夫馬其頓共和國的語言中 = GJ)
0452
万 萬
D
0405
s
DZ
0408
J
J
041A
Ḱ
K (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = KJ) K(除了在前南斯拉夫馬其頓共和國所使用的語言中 = KJ)
0459
Љ
LJ
045A
Њ
NJ
04BB
h
C
040F
Џ
DZ (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = DJ) DZ(除了在前南斯拉夫馬其頓共和國所使用的語言中 = DJ)
0454
epsilon\epsilon
IE
0407
Ï
I
Unicode National character Recommended transliteration
042F Я IA
0476 v Y
0490 ґ G
045E y̌ U
046A ক U
f G (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = GJ)
0452 万 D
0405 s DZ
0408 J J
041A Ḱ K (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = KJ)
0459 Љ LJ
045A Њ NJ
04BB h C
040F Џ DZ (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = DJ)
0454 epsilon IE
0407 Ï I| Unicode | National character | Recommended transliteration |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 042F | Я | IA |
| 0476 | v | Y |
| 0490 | ґ | G |
| 045E | y̌ | U |
| 046A | ক | U |
| | $f$ | G (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = GJ) |
| 0452 | 万 | D |
| 0405 | s | DZ |
| 0408 | J | J |
| 041A | Ḱ | K (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = KJ) |
| 0459 | Љ | LJ |
| 045A | Њ | NJ |
| 04BB | h | C |
| 040F | Џ | DZ (except in the language spoken in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia = DJ) |
| 0454 | $\epsilon$ | IE |
| 0407 | Ï | I |
C. Transliteration of Arabic Script C. 阿拉伯文字的音譯
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
MRZ
0621
ς\varsigma
hamza 哈姆宰字母
XE
0622
I
alef with madda above 上方有瑪達符號的阿里夫字母
XAA
0623
i
alef with hamza above 上方有哈姆宰的阿里夫字母
XAE
0624
ؤ واو哈姆宰字母
waw with hamza above waw 帶上方變音符號
U
0625
!
alef with hamza below alef 帶下方變音符號
I
0626
ئ
yeh with hamza above yeh 帶上方變音符號
X I
0627
1
alef 阿勒夫字母
A
0628
varphi\varphi
beh 貝字母
B
Unicode Arabic letter Name MRZ
0621 ς hamza XE
0622 I alef with madda above XAA
0623 i alef with hamza above XAE
0624 ؤ waw with hamza above U
0625 ! alef with hamza below I
0626 ئ yeh with hamza above X I
0627 1 alef A
0628 varphi beh B| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | MRZ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0621 | $\varsigma$ | hamza | XE |
| 0622 | I | alef with madda above | XAA |
| 0623 | i | alef with hamza above | XAE |
| 0624 | ؤ | waw with hamza above | U |
| 0625 | ! | alef with hamza below | I |
| 0626 | ئ | yeh with hamza above | X I |
| 0627 | 1 | alef | A |
| 0628 | $\varphi$ | beh | B |
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
MRZ
0629
ة 阿拉伯字母 ة
teh marbuta 特·馬布塔
XTA/XAH ^(1){ }^{1}
062A
ت
teh 特
T
062B
*
theh 索
XTH
062C
ج
jeem 吉姆字母
J
062D
tau\tau
hah 哈字母
XH
062E
خ 哈
khah 較
XKH
062F
د
dal 達爾
D
0630
ذ
thal 丘腦
XDH
0631
J
reh 康復治療師
R
0632
j
zain 茲因
Z
0633
س
seen 信
S
0634
ش
sheen 光澤
XSH
0635
ص
sad 悲傷
XSS
0636
ض
dad 爸爸
XDZ
0637
ط 注音符號ط
tah 她
XTT
0638
ظ
zah
XZZ
0639
epsi\varepsilon
ain
E
063A
દ
ghain
G
0640
-
tatwheel
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
0641
ف
feh 阿拉伯字母「法」
F
0642
ق
qaf 阿拉伯字母「卡夫」
Q
0643
ك
kaf 卡夫
K
0644
J
lam 拉姆
L
0645
م
meem 米姆
M
0646
ن
noon 努恩
N
Unicode Arabic letter Name MRZ
0629 ة teh marbuta XTA/XAH ^(1)
062A ت teh T
062B * theh XTH
062C ج jeem J
062D tau hah XH
062E خ khah XKH
062F د dal D
0630 ذ thal XDH
0631 J reh R
0632 j zain Z
0633 س seen S
0634 ش sheen XSH
0635 ص sad XSS
0636 ض dad XDZ
0637 ط tah XTT
0638 ظ zah XZZ
0639 epsi ain E
063A દ ghain G
0640 - tatwheel (Not encoded)
0641 ف feh F
0642 ق qaf Q
0643 ك kaf K
0644 J lam L
0645 م meem M
0646 ن noon N| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | MRZ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0629 | ة | teh marbuta | XTA/XAH ${ }^{1}$ |
| 062A | ت | teh | T |
| 062B | * | theh | XTH |
| 062C | ج | jeem | J |
| 062D | $\tau$ | hah | XH |
| 062E | خ | khah | XKH |
| 062F | د | dal | D |
| 0630 | ذ | thal | XDH |
| 0631 | J | reh | R |
| 0632 | j | zain | Z |
| 0633 | س | seen | S |
| 0634 | ش | sheen | XSH |
| 0635 | ص | sad | XSS |
| 0636 | ض | dad | XDZ |
| 0637 | ط | tah | XTT |
| 0638 | ظ | zah | XZZ |
| 0639 | $\varepsilon$ | ain | E |
| 063A | દ | ghain | G |
| 0640 | - | tatwheel | (Not encoded) |
| 0641 | ف | feh | F |
| 0642 | ق | qaf | Q |
| 0643 | ك | kaf | K |
| 0644 | J | lam | L |
| 0645 | م | meem | M |
| 0646 | ن | noon | N |
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
MRZ
0647
。
heh 赫字母
H
0648
و
waw 華哇語
W
0649
ىى
alef maksura 阿拉伯字母伸展符
XAY
064A
ي
yeh
Y
064B
ә
fathatan 阿拉伯語音標符號
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
064C
⿵
dammatan 阿拉伯語音標符號
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
064D
\% %
kasratan 阿拉伯文音標符號「kasratan」
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
064E
े 慣用音符
fatha 阿拉伯文音標符號「fatha」
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
064F
ә
damma
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
0650
- —
kasra
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
0651
ә
shadda
[DOUBLE]^(2){ }^{2} 〔雙〕 ^(2){ }^{2}
0652
ं
sukun 縮寬音
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
0670
े 慣用音符
superscript alef 上標阿爾法
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
0671
I
alef wasla 阿莱夫瓦斯拉
XXA
0679
Tteh 塔
XXT
067E
ي
Peh 呸
P
067C
ت
teh with ring 帶圈的特
XRT
0681
て
hah with hamza above 含上方揚抑符的阿拉伯字母「哈」
XKE
0685
خ 阿拉伯字母「哈」
hah with 3 dots above 具有 3 個點的阿拉伯字母「哈」
XXH
0686
శृ 泰盧固文音節符號「శृ」
Tcheh 鐵奇
XC
0688
د
Ddal 達兒
XXD
0689
う 噢
dal with ring 環形達爾符號
XDR
0691
j
Rreh
XXR
0693
2
reh with ring 環形 reh 符號
XRR
0696
.)
reh with dot below and dot above 帶下點和上點的 reh
XRX
Unicode Arabic letter Name MRZ
0647 。 heh H
0648 و waw W
0649 ى alef maksura XAY
064A ي yeh Y
064B ә fathatan (Not encoded)
064C ⿵ dammatan (Not encoded)
064D \% kasratan (Not encoded)
064E े fatha (Not encoded)
064F ә damma (Not encoded)
0650 - kasra (Not encoded)
0651 ә shadda [DOUBLE]^(2)
0652 ं sukun (Not encoded)
0670 े superscript alef (Not encoded)
0671 I alef wasla XXA
0679 Tteh XXT
067E ي Peh P
067C ت teh with ring XRT
0681 て hah with hamza above XKE
0685 خ hah with 3 dots above XXH
0686 శृ Tcheh XC
0688 د Ddal XXD
0689 う dal with ring XDR
0691 j Rreh XXR
0693 2 reh with ring XRR
0696 .) reh with dot below and dot above XRX| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | MRZ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0647 | 。 | heh | H |
| 0648 | و | waw | W |
| 0649 | $ى$ | alef maksura | XAY |
| 064A | ي | yeh | Y |
| 064B | ә | fathatan | (Not encoded) |
| 064C | ⿵ | dammatan | (Not encoded) |
| 064D | \% | kasratan | (Not encoded) |
| 064E | े | fatha | (Not encoded) |
| 064F | ә | damma | (Not encoded) |
| 0650 | - | kasra | (Not encoded) |
| 0651 | ә | shadda | [DOUBLE]${ }^{2}$ |
| 0652 | ं | sukun | (Not encoded) |
| 0670 | े | superscript alef | (Not encoded) |
| 0671 | I | alef wasla | XXA |
| 0679 | | Tteh | XXT |
| 067E | ي | Peh | P |
| 067C | ت | teh with ring | XRT |
| 0681 | て | hah with hamza above | XKE |
| 0685 | خ | hah with 3 dots above | XXH |
| 0686 | శृ | Tcheh | XC |
| 0688 | د | Ddal | XXD |
| 0689 | う | dal with ring | XDR |
| 0691 | j | Rreh | XXR |
| 0693 | 2 | reh with ring | XRR |
| 0696 | .) | reh with dot below and dot above | XRX |
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
MRZ
0698
j
Jeh 傑
XJ
069A
بن 本
seen with dot below and dot above 帶下點和上點的字母
XXS
069C
پঞ 潘澤
seen with 3 dots below and 3 dots above 下方有 3 個點,上方也有 3 個點
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
06A2
ب
feh with dot moved below 點移至下方的 feh 字母
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
06A7
ف
qaf with dot above 上點的卡夫字母
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
06A8
ڤ
qaf with 3 dots above 帶有 3 個點的卡夫字母
(Not encoded) (未編碼)
06A9
✓\checkmark
keheh 阿拉伯字母 keheh
XKK
06AB
✓\checkmark
kaf with ring KAF 加環
XXK
06AD
そ
Ng
XNG
06AF
ك
gaf
X G G
06BA
U
noon ghunna
XNN
06BC
ن
noon with ring 中午的環狀光環
XXN
06BE
৯
heh doachashmee 呵,我的眼淚
XD0
06C0
s
heh with yeh above 上方有 yeh 的呵
XYH
06C1
0
heh goal 阿拉伯字母「赫」
XXG
06C2
s
heh goal with hamza above 帶有赫姆澤的阿拉伯字母「赫」
XGE
06C3
3
teh marbuta goal 封閉的「托」字母
XTG
06CC
ىى
farsi yeh 波斯字母「耶」
XYA
06CD
✓\checkmark
yeh with tail 帶尾部的葉字
XXY
06D0
ي 葉字
Yeh 葉
Y
06D2
KK
Yeh barree 長葉字
XYB
06D3
E
yeh barree with hamza above 帶上方揚抑符的 yeh barree
XBE
Unicode Arabic letter Name MRZ
0698 j Jeh XJ
069A بن seen with dot below and dot above XXS
069C پঞ seen with 3 dots below and 3 dots above (Not encoded)
06A2 ب feh with dot moved below (Not encoded)
06A7 ف qaf with dot above (Not encoded)
06A8 ڤ qaf with 3 dots above (Not encoded)
06A9 ✓ keheh XKK
06AB ✓ kaf with ring XXK
06AD そ Ng XNG
06AF ك gaf X G G
06BA U noon ghunna XNN
06BC ن noon with ring XXN
06BE ৯ heh doachashmee XD0
06C0 s heh with yeh above XYH
06C1 0 heh goal XXG
06C2 s heh goal with hamza above XGE
06C3 3 teh marbuta goal XTG
06CC ى farsi yeh XYA
06CD ✓ yeh with tail XXY
06D0 ي Yeh Y
06D2 K Yeh barree XYB
06D3 E yeh barree with hamza above XBE| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | MRZ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0698 | j | Jeh | XJ |
| 069A | بن | seen with dot below and dot above | XXS |
| 069C | پঞ | seen with 3 dots below and 3 dots above | (Not encoded) |
| 06A2 | ب | feh with dot moved below | (Not encoded) |
| 06A7 | ف | qaf with dot above | (Not encoded) |
| 06A8 | ڤ | qaf with 3 dots above | (Not encoded) |
| 06A9 | $\checkmark$ | keheh | XKK |
| 06AB | $\checkmark$ | kaf with ring | XXK |
| 06AD | そ | Ng | XNG |
| 06AF | ك | gaf | X G G |
| 06BA | U | noon ghunna | XNN |
| 06BC | ن | noon with ring | XXN |
| 06BE | ৯ | heh doachashmee | XD0 |
| 06C0 | s | heh with yeh above | XYH |
| 06C1 | 0 | heh goal | XXG |
| 06C2 | s | heh goal with hamza above | XGE |
| 06C3 | 3 | teh marbuta goal | XTG |
| 06CC | $ى$ | farsi yeh | XYA |
| 06CD | $\checkmark$ | yeh with tail | XXY |
| 06D0 | ي | Yeh | Y |
| 06D2 | $K$ | Yeh barree | XYB |
| 06D3 | E | yeh barree with hamza above | XBE |
7. DEVIATIONS 7. 偏差
As States worldwide continue to adopt MRTDs, the increased complexity and the rise in deviations have led to a need for reporting deviations from standards or the normal practice of a State through a standardized mechanism. Deviations are defined as MRTDs that contain elements that do not precisely conform to the ICAO specifications and the governing ISO and RFC standards. Deviations are generally observed within Country Signing Certificate Authorities (CSCA) or Document Signer Certificates (DSCs). Nonetheless, States have also indicated issues related to the LDS and MRZ fields within their MRTDs. The purpose of this section is to detail the mechanism by which issuing States can publish their deviations. 隨著各國持續採用機讀旅行證件(MRTDs),日益增加的複雜性和偏差導致需要透過標準化機制,報告與標準或國家正常作業的偏差。偏差定義為包含不完全符合國際民航組織(ICAO)規範及相關 ISO 和 RFC 標準之元素的機讀旅行證件。偏差通常出現在國家簽署憑證授權機構(CSCA)或文件簽署憑證(DSCs)中。儘管如此,各國也指出了其機讀旅行證件中邏輯資料儲存區(LDS)和機讀區(MRZ)的相關問題。本節旨在詳述發證國可發佈其偏差的機制。
While travel documents may contain deviations, they may still be usable in border management systems. For documents that are otherwise valid, they may remain in use for several years. Consequently, relying parties should identify their own processes for handling any published deviations. 雖然旅行文件可能包含偏差,但仍可能在邊境管理系統中使用。對於其他方面有效的文件,可能會繼續使用數年。因此,依賴方應識別自身處理已發佈偏差的流程。
7.1 Operational Experiences 7.1 營運經驗
For a long time the only method for managing deviations was through the general advice given by issuing States via diplomatic means. This section includes deviations affecting large numbers of MRTDs that might be reported so as to assist borders in making a determination on whether travel documents are valid, forged or the product of a substitution. Some examples of operational errors include MRZ, LDS and PKI deviations. 長期以來,管理差異的唯一方法是透過簽發國家透過外交途徑提供的一般建議。本節包括可能被報告的影響大量機讀旅行文件(MRTDs)的差異,以協助邊境管制人員判斷旅行文件是否有效、偽造或被替換。某些營運錯誤的範例包括機讀區(MRZ)、邏輯資料結構(LDS)和公開金鑰基礎建設(PKI)等方面的差異。
While the MRZ has been in use for many years some recent examples of known MRZ errors are: 儘管機讀區已使用多年,但最近已知的機讀區錯誤範例包括:
MRZ date of birth does not match VIZ page date of birth. 機讀區出生日期與可視區(VIZ)頁面的出生日期不符。
MRZ citizenship incorrectly reports the country of birth rather than citizenship. 機讀區(MRZ)公民身份錯誤地報告出生國家,而非公民身份。
In most cases travel documents with a non-conforming MRZ will be recalled by the issuing State. Since there is a gap between issuance and the subsequent reissuance, travellers may be forced to use their deviating MRTD. During this time, a published deviation may alleviate potential problems for travellers. ^(3){ }^{3} 在大多數情況下,具有不符合規範的機讀區的旅行文件將被簽發國召回。由於簽發和後續重新簽發之間存在間隔,旅客可能被迫使用其有差異的機讀旅行文件。在這段期間,已公佈的差異可能會減輕旅客可能面臨的問題。 ^(3){ }^{3}
For LDS and PKI deviations, some could go undetected for long periods of time, as many States are not yet performing Passive and Active Authentication as specified by Doc 9303. However, issuing States are strongly encouraged to publish deviations in order assist the global community in the technical adoption of MRTDs. ^(4){ }^{4} 對於邏輯資料結構(LDS)和公開金鑰基礎建設(PKI)的差異,有些可能長期未被察覺,因為許多國家尚未按照 Doc 9303 規定執行被動和主動驗證。然而,簽發國被強烈建議發佈差異,以協助全球社群技術採用機讀旅行文件。 ^(4){ }^{4}
7.2 Deviation List Approach 7.2 差異清單方法
The approach described in this section aims to provide a standardized means for issuing States to publish and distribute a Travel Document Deviation List. It is based on principles established during the development of the CSCA Master List (see Doc 9303-12), in that a signed Deviation List for each State’s non-conformities will be provided via the ICAO PKD or the issuing authority through a website or a LDAP-server. The PKD is used to support the dissemination of information relevant to the management of deviations. 本節所述方法旨在為簽發國提供一個標準化的管道,以發布和分發旅行文件偏差清單。其基礎源自於 CSCA 主清單的開發原則(請參閱 Doc 9303-12),即每個國家的不符合事項簽名偏差清單將透過 ICAO 公鑰基礎建設目錄(PKD)或簽發機關透過網站或 LDAP 伺服器提供。PKD 用於支援與偏差管理相關資訊的傳播。
Deviations are categorized into four specific areas: 偏差被劃分為四個特定領域:
Keys and Certificates; 金鑰和憑證;
Logical Data Structure (LDS); 邏輯資料結構(LDS);
Machine Readable Zone (MRZ); 機器可讀區域(MRZ);
Chip. 晶片。
For each of these categories deviations will be described to one level only, for example: 對於這些類別中的每一個,偏差將僅描述至一個層級,例如:
Additional information will be provided via an operational parameter as made available by each State and/or a free text field in the reporting framework allowing the notifying State to add any descriptive text required. The notifying State can include links to additional information within the free text field. For certificate errors, the issuer will have the option to issue a new certificate, but this will not be mandatory. 額外資訊將透過每個國家提供的作業參數,或是在通報框架中的自由文字欄位來提供,讓通報國家可以新增任何所需的描述性文字。通報國家可以在自由文字欄位中包含額外資訊的連結。對於憑證錯誤,簽發者可以選擇重新簽發憑證,但這並非強制性的。
The decision to advise relying parties of a non-conformity remains solely with the issuing State. In deciding whether to create a Deviation List, States should take into consideration that as traveller self-processing border solutions become more common, failure to communicate information relevant to non-conforming travel documents may cause delays and inconvenience for travellers, which will reflect poorly on both the issuing State and the border process as a whole. 決定是否通知依賴方有關不符合規定的情況,完全由簽發國家決定。在決定是否建立偏差清單時,各國應考慮到隨著旅客自助處理邊境解決方案越來越普遍,未能溝通與不合格旅行文件相關的資訊可能會造成旅客延遲和不便,這將對簽發國家和整體邊境流程產生負面影響。
Deviation Lists provide a means of reporting deviations affecting thousands of travel documents rather than a few or a few hundred. It is appropriate for States to manage small numbers of non-conforming travel documents directly. 偏差清單提供了一種報告影響數千份旅行文件的偏差,而非少數或數百份文件的方法。對於少量不符合規定的旅行文件,各國應直接管理。
7.3 Method 7.3 方法
7.3.1 Deviation elements 7.3.1 偏差元素
The elements that make up an MRTD range from paper to RFID chips, with each element protected in some way by security features that can be defined and thus tested by inspection systems during the life of the travel document. Security features employed on the physical travel document are both overt and covert. This section considers only deviation elements within the MRZ, LDS and PKI. 構成機讀旅行證件(MRTD)的元素從紙質到射頻識別(RFID)晶片不等,每個元素都以某種安全特徵進行保護,這些特徵可以被定義並由檢查系統在旅行文件的使用期間進行測試。物理旅行文件上採用的安全特徵包括明顯和隱藏的兩種。本節僅考慮機讀區(MRZ)、邏輯數據結構(LDS)和公開金鑰基礎設施(PKI)中的偏差元素。
The MRZ is a fixed-dimensional area located on the MRTD data page, containing mandatory and optional data formatted for machine reading using OCR methods. Doc 9303 provides the specifications for the MRZ, including: 機讀區(MRZ)是位於機讀旅行證件資料頁面上的固定尺寸區域,包含使用光學字元識別(OCR)方法格式化的強制性和可選性資料。文件 9303 提供了機讀區的規格,其中包括:
purpose; 目的;
constraints; 限制條件;
transliteration; and 音譯;
data structure of the MRZ lines. 機讀區(MRZ)線段的資料結構。
The conformity of the MRZ is routinely tested by inspection systems via data comparison with the corresponding VIZ page data and recalculation of the MRZ check digits. 機器可讀旅行證件(MRZ)的一致性,通常由檢查系統透過與相應的視覺檢查區(VIZ)頁面數據進行比對和重新計算 MRZ 檢查碼來測試。
The authenticity and integrity of data stored on MRTD RFID chip is protected by Passive Authentication. This security mechanism is based on digital signatures and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). 機器可讀旅行證件(MRTD)RFID 晶片上儲存的資料真實性和完整性,是由被動驗證(Passive Authentication)所保護。此安全機制是基於數位簽章和公開金鑰基礎建設(PKI)。
The structure of the MRTD LDS is defined by Doc 9303-10. While there are no specific tests to establish conformity, the data stored within the LDS is in part a subset of data available from the MRZ or VIZ page of the MRTD. Consequently, the same tests apply for the digital MRZ and VIZ data as would be applied to the MRZ and VIZ page. Authenticity of the LDS is provided through the correct application of Passive Authentication by inspection systems, while Active Authentication is performed by the chip. A brief description is below: MRTD 邏輯資料結構(LDS)的結構由 Doc 9303-10 定義。雖然沒有特定測試來確立其一致性,但儲存在 LDS 中的資料部分是來自 MRTD 的機器可讀區(MRZ)或視覺檢查區(VIZ)頁面的子集。因此,對於數位 MRZ 和 VIZ 資料,會採用與 MRZ 和 VIZ 頁面相同的測試方法。檢查系統透過正確應用被動驗證來確保 LDS 的真實性,而主動驗證則由晶片執行。以下是簡要說明:
Passive Authentication (PA) is based on digital signatures and consists of the following PKI components: 被動驗證(PA)是基於數位簽章,由以下公開金鑰基礎建設(PKI)元件組成:
Country Signing CA (CSCA): Every State establishes a CSCA as its national trust point in the context of eMRTDs. The CSCA issues public key certificates for one or more (national) Document Signers. In addition each CSCA issues Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) of all revoked certificates. ^(5){ }^{5} 國家簽署憑證機構(CSCA):每個國家在電子機器可判讀旅行證件(eMRTDs)的背景下,建立一個國家信託點作為其 CSCA。CSCA 為一個或多個(國家)文件簽署者發出公開金鑰憑證。此外,每個 CSCA 還會發出所有已撤銷憑證的憑證撤銷清單(CRL)。 ^(5){ }^{5}
Document Signers (DS): A Document Signer digitally signs data to be stored on MRTDs; this signature is stored in the Document Security Object for each document. 文件簽署者(DS):文件簽署者對要儲存在機器可判讀旅行證件(MRTDs)上的資料進行數位簽章;此簽章會儲存在每份文件的文件安全物件中。
Active Authentication (AA): Where AA is implemented, each chip contains its own AA Key Pair. The private Key is stored in the chip’s secure memory with the Public Key stored at LDS Data Group 15. 主動式驗證(AA):在實作主動式驗證時,每個晶片都包含其專屬的 AA 金鑰對。私密金鑰儲存在晶片的安全記憶體中,而公開金鑰則儲存於邏輯資料結構(LDS)資料群組 15。
7.3.2 Issuing Deviation Lists 7.3.2 發行偏差清單
Deviation Lists MUST NOT be issued directly by a CSCA, instead the CSCA SHALL authorize a Deviation List Signer (see Doc 9303-12) to compile, sign and publish Deviation Lists. 由 CSCA 不得直接發布偏差清單,而是 CSCA 應授權偏差清單簽署者(參見 Doc 9303-12)編製、簽署及發布偏差清單。
The procedures to be performed for issuing a Deviation List SHOULD be reflected in the published certification policies of the issuing CSCA. 發布偏差清單的程序應反映在簽發 CSCA 的已發布憑證政策中。
7.3.3 Receiving a Deviation List 7.3.3 接收偏差清單
Every Receiving State defines its own policies under which it accepts a Deviation List and how deviations are handled during the inspection of documents. Those policies are, in general, private information. 每個接收國都定義自己的政策,規定其接受偏差清單的條件,以及在文件檢查期間如何處理偏差。這些政策通常是私密資訊。
The Receiving State will at its sole discretion choose to allow MRTDs with a deviation to be utilized. 接收國將自行決定是否允許使用具有偏差的機讀旅行文件。
7.3.4 Categories of Deviations 7.3.4 偏差類別
7.3.4.1 Keys and certificates 7.3.4.1 金鑰和憑證
Certificate and key deviations are restricted to the following: 憑證和金鑰偏差僅限於下列情況:
Issue 議題
Comment 評論
Certificate 證書
Described to the Field or Extension 描述到領域或擴充功能
Keys 金鑰
Described to the Field or Extension 描述至該領域或擴充功能
AA
Described to the error/problem only 僅描述錯誤/問題
Issue Comment
Certificate Described to the Field or Extension
Keys Described to the Field or Extension
AA Described to the error/problem only| Issue | Comment |
| :--- | :--- |
| Certificate | Described to the Field or Extension |
| Keys | Described to the Field or Extension |
| AA | Described to the error/problem only |
Note.-Where a reporting State decides to issue a new certificate, the certificate MUST NOT be included in the Deviation List, but could be pointed to via the free text field. 注意。─當報告國家決定發出新證書時,該證書不得列入偏差清單,但可透過自由文字欄位指向。
7.3.4.2 Logical Data Structure (LDS) 7.3.4.2 邏輯資料結構(LDS)
LDS deviations are restricted to the following: LDS 偏差僅限於以下情況:
Issue 議題
Comment 評論
EF.Com
Described to the encoding error 描述編碼錯誤
DG's
Described to the Data Group 描述資料群組
EF.sod
Described to the issue (e.g. DSC) 敘述至問題(例如 DSC)
Issue Comment
EF.Com Described to the encoding error
DG's Described to the Data Group
EF.sod Described to the issue (e.g. DSC)| Issue | Comment |
| :--- | :--- |
| EF.Com | Described to the encoding error |
| DG's | Described to the Data Group |
| EF.sod | Described to the issue (e.g. DSC) |
7.3.4.3 Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) 7.3.4.3 機器可讀區域(MRZ)
MRZ deviations are restricted to the following: MRZ 的偏差被限制在以下情況:
Issue 議題
Comment 評論
Match to VIZ 符合視覺化 (VIZ)
Described to the field 敘述至現場
Check Digits 檢查碼
Described to the responsible check digit 描述負責的檢查碼
Wrong Information encoded 編碼錯誤的資訊
Described to the MRZ field 描述機讀區域欄位
Issue Comment
Match to VIZ Described to the field
Check Digits Described to the responsible check digit
Wrong Information encoded Described to the MRZ field| Issue | Comment |
| :--- | :--- |
| Match to VIZ | Described to the field |
| Check Digits | Described to the responsible check digit |
| Wrong Information encoded | Described to the MRZ field |
7.3.5 Deviation type definitions 7.3.5 偏差類型定義
Categories of deviations and corresponding parameters may be extended over time and will be maintained in Doc 9303. 偏差類型及其對應的參數可能隨時間而擴展,並將在文件 9303 中維護。
Each deviation is described by a deviationDescription element. The deviation is identified by an Object Identifier deviationType and may be further detailed by parameters. The field description MAY contain further information, such as how the nature of the deviation cannot be adequately described by the governing deviationType. 每個偏差都由偏差描述元素(deviationDescription)描述。偏差通過物件識別碼偏差類型(deviationType)進行識別,並可能由參數進一步詳細說明。欄位描述可能包含其他資訊,例如如何說明不能被主導偏差類型充分描述的偏差性質。
DeviationType 偏差類型
Parameters 參數
Description 描述
Certificate/Key Deviation 憑證/金鑰偏差
id-Deviation-CertOrKey id-偏差-憑證或金鑰
None 無
A generic certificate or key related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviations below. 一般性的憑證或金鑰相關偏差,未被下方更詳細的偏差所涵蓋。
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyDSSignature
None 無
The signature of the Document Signer Certificate is wrong. 文件簽署者憑證的簽章不正確。
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyDSEncoding CertField
CertField
The Document Signer Certificate contains a coding error. 簽署文件的憑證包含編碼錯誤。
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyCSCAEncoding
CertField 憑證欄位
The Country Signing CA Certificate contains a coding error. 國家簽署憑證授權中心憑證包含編碼錯誤。
EF.COM and EF.SOD are inconsistent. EF.COM 和 EF.SOD 不一致。
DeviationType Parameters Description
Certificate/Key Deviation
id-Deviation-CertOrKey None A generic certificate or key related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviations below.
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyDSSignature None The signature of the Document Signer Certificate is wrong.
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyDSEncoding CertField CertField The Document Signer Certificate contains a coding error.
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyCSCAEncoding CertField The Country Signing CA Certificate contains a coding error.
id-Deviation-CertOrKeyAAKeyCompromised None The key for Active Authentication may be compromised and should not be relied upon.
LDS Deviation
id-Deviation-LDS None A generic LDS related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviations below.
id-Deviation-LDSDGMalformed Datagroup The TLV encoding of the given datagroup is corrupted.
id-Deviation-LDSDGHashWrong Datagroup The hash value of the given datagroup in the EF.SOD is wrong.
id-Deviation-LDSSODSignatureWrong None The signature contained in EF.SOD is wrong.
id-Deviation-LDSCOMinconsistent None EF.COM and EF.SOD are inconsistent.
| DeviationType | Parameters | Description |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Certificate/Key Deviation | | |
| id-Deviation-CertOrKey | None | A generic certificate or key related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviations below. |
| id-Deviation-CertOrKeyDSSignature | None | The signature of the Document Signer Certificate is wrong. |
| id-Deviation-CertOrKeyDSEncoding CertField | CertField | The Document Signer Certificate contains a coding error. |
| id-Deviation-CertOrKeyCSCAEncoding | CertField | The Country Signing CA Certificate contains a coding error. |
| id-Deviation-CertOrKeyAAKeyCompromised | None | The key for Active Authentication may be compromised and should not be relied upon. |
| | | |
| LDS Deviation | | |
| id-Deviation-LDS | None | A generic LDS related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviations below. |
| id-Deviation-LDSDGMalformed | Datagroup | The TLV encoding of the given datagroup is corrupted. |
| id-Deviation-LDSDGHashWrong | Datagroup | The hash value of the given datagroup in the EF.SOD is wrong. |
| id-Deviation-LDSSODSignatureWrong | None | The signature contained in EF.SOD is wrong. |
| id-Deviation-LDSCOMinconsistent | None | EF.COM and EF.SOD are inconsistent. |
| | | |
DeviationType 偏差類型
Parameters 參數
Description 描述
MRZ Deviation MRZ 偏差
id-Deviation-MRZ id-偏差-MRZ
None 無
A generic MRZ related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviation below. 一種未被下列更詳細偏差涵蓋的一般 MRZ 相關偏差。
The given field of the MRZ contains wrong data (e.g. inconsistent with VIZ), but the derived BAC key is usable to open the chip.
If the derived BAC key is not usable, additionally id-Deviation-Chip SHALL be included in the Deviation List.
The given field of the MRZ contains wrong data (e.g. inconsistent with VIZ), but the derived BAC key is usable to open the chip.
If the derived BAC key is not usable, additionally id-Deviation-Chip SHALL be included in the Deviation List.| The given field of the MRZ contains wrong data (e.g. inconsistent with VIZ), but the derived BAC key is usable to open the chip. |
| :--- |
| If the derived BAC key is not usable, additionally id-Deviation-Chip SHALL be included in the Deviation List. |
id-Deviation-MRZWrongCheckDigit
MRZField MRZ 欄位
The check digit to given field of the MRZ is calculated wrong. 給定 MRZ 欄位的檢查碼計算錯誤。
Chip Deviation 晶片偏差
id-Deviation-Chip id-晶片偏差
None 無
The Chip is not usable, e.g. wrong BAC key, broken antenna or other physical defect. 晶片無法使用,例如錯誤的 BAC 金鑰、天線損壞或其他實體缺陷。
DeviationType Parameters Description
MRZ Deviation
id-Deviation-MRZ None A generic MRZ related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviation below.
id-Deviation-MRZWrongData MRZField "The given field of the MRZ contains wrong data (e.g. inconsistent with VIZ), but the derived BAC key is usable to open the chip.
If the derived BAC key is not usable, additionally id-Deviation-Chip SHALL be included in the Deviation List."
id-Deviation-MRZWrongCheckDigit MRZField The check digit to given field of the MRZ is calculated wrong.
Chip Deviation
id-Deviation-Chip None The Chip is not usable, e.g. wrong BAC key, broken antenna or other physical defect.
| DeviationType | Parameters | Description |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| MRZ Deviation | | |
| id-Deviation-MRZ | None | A generic MRZ related deviation not covered by the more detailed deviation below. |
| id-Deviation-MRZWrongData | MRZField | The given field of the MRZ contains wrong data (e.g. inconsistent with VIZ), but the derived BAC key is usable to open the chip. <br> If the derived BAC key is not usable, additionally id-Deviation-Chip SHALL be included in the Deviation List. |
| id-Deviation-MRZWrongCheckDigit | MRZField | The check digit to given field of the MRZ is calculated wrong. |
| | | |
| Chip Deviation | | |
| id-Deviation-Chip | None | The Chip is not usable, e.g. wrong BAC key, broken antenna or other physical defect. |
| | | |
7.3.6 Identification of deviant documents 7.3.6 異常文件識別
Documents affected by a deviation MAY be identified by several different means: 受影響的文件可能通過多種不同方式識別:
by the Document Signer Certificate used to sign these documents; the Document Signer can be either identified by: 以簽署文件的文件簽署者憑證;文件簽署者可以通過以下方式識別:
the Distinguished Name of the Issuer in combination with the Serial Number of the certificate (issuerAndSerialNumber), 簽發者的辨別名稱與憑證序號的組合(issuerAndSerialNumber)
the subjectKeyIdentifier uniquely identifying the Document Signer, or 唯一識別文件簽署者的主體金鑰識別碼(subjectKeyIdentifier)
the hash of the Document Signer certificate (certificateHash); the hash function to be used is the same as used in the signature of the Deviation List. 文件簽署者憑證的雜湊值(certificateHash);所使用的雜湊函數與偏差清單簽章所用的相同
by a range of issuing dates (startIssuingDate, endIssuingDate) 依發證日期範圍(startIssuingDate、endIssuingDate)
by a list of document numbers (listOfDocNumbers). 透過文件編號清單(listOfDocNumbers)。
Each method has advantages and disadvantages for the issuer of a Deviation List as well for the receiver of a Deviation List. These include: 每個方法對於偏差清單的發行者和接收者都有其優缺點。這些包括:
Identification by Document Signer allows recognition of a deviation by the inspection systems only after Passive Authentication was performed. Additionally, identification by Document Signer might be too coarse to accurately identify only defect documents, i.e. the deviation affects only part of the documents signed by a given Document Signer. 文件簽署者之身分辨識僅在被動式驗證完成後,才能讓檢驗系統辨識出異常。此外,文件簽署者之身分辨識可能過於粗略,無法精確識別出有缺陷的文件,也就是說,該異常只影響由特定文件簽署者簽署的部分文件。
The Issuing Date is not part of the machine readable zone, and also in general not available in the electronic LDS. Therefore this is not suitable for automated processing. Additionally, depending on the Issuing State, the Issuing Date might not be the actual date of passport personalization, but the application date, and therefore not accurate enough to identify only affected documents. 簽發日期不屬於機器可讀區域,且通常在電子邊境資料儲存系統中也不可用。因此,這並不適合自動化處理。另外,視簽發國家而定,簽發日期可能不是護照個人化的實際日期,而是申請日期,因此不夠準確,無法僅識別受影響的文件。
A list of document numbers is difficult to compile if document numbers are not issued sequentially. A list of document numbers grows quite quickly to unmanageable size if many documents are affected by a defect. 如果文件號碼不是按順序發出,編製文件號碼清單將變得十分困難。當許多文件受到缺陷影響時,文件號碼清單很快就會增長到難以管理的規模。
It is RECOMMENDED to give as much identifying information on affected documents as possible. If several methods for identification are given, the conditions MUST be met simultaneously to identify a document. It is at the discretion of the Relying State to decide which means of identification given in a Defect List entry are used to identify affected documents. 建議盡可能提供關於受影響文件的辨識資訊。如果提供多種辨識方法,則必須同時滿足條件才能識別文件。由依賴國決定在缺陷清單條目中使用哪些辨識方式來識別受影響的文件。
7.4 Publication 7.4 公布
Deviation Lists can be published via the ICAO PKD and/or the issuing authority through a website or LDAP server. The primary distribution point for Defect Lists is the PKD. 缺陷清單可透過國際民航組織公開金鑰目錄(ICAO PKD)及/或發證機關透過網站或 LDAP 伺服器發布。缺陷清單的主要分發點為公開金鑰目錄。
Deviation Lists 缺陷清單
Primary Distribution 主要分發
PKD
次級分發
Secondary
Distribution
Secondary
Distribution| Secondary |
| :--- |
| Distribution |
Website/LDAP 網站/LDAP
Deviation Lists
Primary Distribution PKD
"Secondary
Distribution" Website/LDAP| | Deviation Lists |
| :--- | :--- |
| Primary Distribution | PKD |
| Secondary <br> Distribution | Website/LDAP |
7.4.1 Publication by the issuing State 7.4.1 由發證國家公布
Deviation Lists can be published via a website or an LDAP-server of the issuing authority. 偏差清單可透過發證機關的網站或 LDAP 伺服器發布。
7.4.2 Publication on the PKD 7.4.2 在 PKD 上發佈
The PKD operates as a central repository for Deviation Lists. PKD 作為偏差清單的中央程式碼儲存庫運作。
The procedure for publishing a Deviation List is as follows: 發佈偏差清單的程序如下:
Deviation Lists are sent to the write PKD, as part of the usual certificate upload process as defined in the PKD Interface Specification and PKD Procedures Manual. 偏差清單將作為 PKD 介面規格和 PKD 程序手冊中定義的一般憑證上傳程序的一部分,發送至寫入 PKD。
The ICAO PKD office validates the signatures of uploaded Deviation Lists as specified in the PKD Procedures Manual. ICAO PKD 辦公室根據 PKD 程序手冊中的規定,驗證上傳的偏差清單簽章。
Valid Deviation Lists are moved to the read PKD. 有效的偏差清單將被移至已讀 PKD。
The distributing State will determine if its Deviation List will be publicly available, or restricted to PKD member States. 分發國家將決定其偏差清單是公開可用,還是僅限 PKD 會員國。
7.4.3 Relying parties 7.4.3 依賴方
To be able to verify a Deviation List, a relying party needs to have received the corresponding CSCA certificate of the issuing State by out-of-band communications. It is up to the Relying Party to decide how to handle MRTDs with a corresponding entry in the issuing State’s Deviation List. 為了能夠驗證偏差清單,被信任方需要透過帶外通訊方式,收到簽發國家的對應 CSCA 憑證。由被信任方自行決定如何處理在簽發國家偏差清單中有對應項目的機讀旅行證件。
7.5 Technical Specifications 7.5 技術規格
7.5.1 Deviation List specification 7.5.1 偏差清單規格
The Deviation List is implemented as a SignedData type, as specified in [RFC 3852]. All Deviation Lists MUST be produced in DER format to preserve the integrity of the signatures within them. 偏差清單是按照[RFC 3852]中指定的 SignedData 類型實作。所有偏差清單必須以 DER 格式製作,以保持其內部簽章的完整性。
The range of deviations will be bounded by: 異常範圍將受限於:
date range (including both the issue and expiry date); 日期範圍(包含發行日期和到期日);
issuer name and serial number; 簽發者名稱和序號;
Subject Key Identifier of DSC; 數位簽章憑證的主體金鑰識別碼;
list of eMRTD numbers. ePassport 文件號碼清單。
Appropriate combinations of these values will be used to accurately bind the range of MRTDs affected. When combining values, they are to be processed as joined by “AND”. There is no option to process values as joined using “OR”. 這些值的適當組合將用於準確界定受影響的旅行證件範圍。在組合值時,它們將被處理為以「AND」連結。不得以「OR」方式處理值。
7.5.1.1 SignedData Type 7.5.1.1 SignedData 類型
The processing rules in [RFC 3852] apply. [RFC 3852]中的處理規則適用。
m mandatory - the field MUST be present. m 必要 - 該欄位必須呈現。
r recommended - the field SHOULD be present. r 建議 - 該欄位應該呈現。 x quadx \quad do not use - the field MUST NOT be populated. x quadx \quad 不得使用 - 該欄位必須不得填寫。
o optional - the field MAY be present. o 選用 - 該欄位可以呈現。
Value 值
Comments 註解
SignedData 簽署資料
version 版本
m
Value = v3 數值 = v3
digestAlgorithms 摘要演算法
m
encapContentInfo 封裝內容資訊
m
eContentType 電子內容類型
m
id-DefectList 缺陷清單編號
eContent 電子內容
m
The encoded contents DefectList 已編碼的缺陷清單
Value Comments
SignedData
version m Value = v3
digestAlgorithms m
encapContentInfo m
eContentType m id-DefectList
eContent m The encoded contents DefectList| Value | | Comments |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| SignedData | | |
| version | m | Value = v3 |
| digestAlgorithms | m | |
| encapContentInfo | m | |
| eContentType | m | id-DefectList |
| eContent | m | The encoded contents DefectList |
Value 值
Comments 備註
certificates 憑證
m
States MUST include the Defect List Signer certificate and SHOULD include the CSCA certificate, which can be used to verify the signature in the signerInfos field. 國家必須包含缺陷清單簽署者憑證,並且應包含憑證簽發機構(CSCA)憑證,該憑證可用於驗證 signerInfos 欄位中的簽章。
crls 憑證吊銷清單
x
signerInfos 簽署者資訊
m
It is RECOMMENDED that States provide only 1 signerinfo within this field. 建議國家在此欄位中僅提供 1 個簽署者資訊。
SignerInfo 簽署者資訊
m
version 版本
m
The value of this field is dictated by the sid field. See [RFC 3852] Section 5.3 for rules regarding this field 此欄位的值由 sid 欄位決定。請參閱 [RFC 3852] 第 5.3 節中有關此欄位的規則
sid 簽署者識別碼
m
subjectKeyIdentifier
r
It is RECOMMENDED that States support this field over issuerandSerialNumber. 建議各國應優先採用此欄位,而非 issuerandSerialNumber。
digestAlgorithm 摘要演算法
m
The algorithm identifier of the algorithm used to produce the hash value over encapsulatedContent and SignedAttrs. 用於對封裝內容和簽署屬性進行雜湊的演算法識別碼。
signedAttrs
m
Producing States may wish to include additional attributes for inclusion in the signature, however these do not have to be processed by receiving States except to verify the signature value. signedAttrs MUST include signing time (ref. PKCS#9). 生產國可能希望加入額外屬性以納入簽章中,但接收國無須處理這些屬性,僅需驗證簽章值。signedAttrs 必須包含簽署時間(參照 PKCS#9)。
signatureAlgorithm
m
The algorithm identifier of the algorithm used to produce the signature value, and any associated parameters. 用於產生簽章值之演算法的演算法識別碼,以及任何相關參數。
signature 簽名
m
The result of the signature generation process. 簽名產生程序的結果。
unsignedAttrs 未簽署的屬性
x
Value Comments
certificates m States MUST include the Defect List Signer certificate and SHOULD include the CSCA certificate, which can be used to verify the signature in the signerInfos field.
crls x
signerInfos m It is RECOMMENDED that States provide only 1 signerinfo within this field.
SignerInfo m
version m The value of this field is dictated by the sid field. See [RFC 3852] Section 5.3 for rules regarding this field
sid m
subjectKeyIdentifier r It is RECOMMENDED that States support this field over issuerandSerialNumber.
digestAlgorithm m The algorithm identifier of the algorithm used to produce the hash value over encapsulatedContent and SignedAttrs.
signedAttrs m Producing States may wish to include additional attributes for inclusion in the signature, however these do not have to be processed by receiving States except to verify the signature value. signedAttrs MUST include signing time (ref. PKCS#9).
signatureAlgorithm m The algorithm identifier of the algorithm used to produce the signature value, and any associated parameters.
signature m The result of the signature generation process.
unsignedAttrs x | Value | | Comments |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| certificates | m | States MUST include the Defect List Signer certificate and SHOULD include the CSCA certificate, which can be used to verify the signature in the signerInfos field. |
| crls | x | |
| signerInfos | m | It is RECOMMENDED that States provide only 1 signerinfo within this field. |
| SignerInfo | m | |
| version | m | The value of this field is dictated by the sid field. See [RFC 3852] Section 5.3 for rules regarding this field |
| sid | m | |
| subjectKeyIdentifier | r | It is RECOMMENDED that States support this field over issuerandSerialNumber. |
| digestAlgorithm | m | The algorithm identifier of the algorithm used to produce the hash value over encapsulatedContent and SignedAttrs. |
| signedAttrs | m | Producing States may wish to include additional attributes for inclusion in the signature, however these do not have to be processed by receiving States except to verify the signature value. signedAttrs MUST include signing time (ref. PKCS#9). |
| signatureAlgorithm | m | The algorithm identifier of the algorithm used to produce the signature value, and any associated parameters. |
| signature | m | The result of the signature generation process. |
| unsignedAttrs | x | |
7.5.1.2 ASN. 1 specification 7.5.1.2 ASN.1 規格
DeviationList
{ iso-itu-t(2) international-organization(23) icao(136) mrtd(1) security(1)
deviationlist(7)}
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
BEGIN
IMPORTS
-- Imports from RFC 3280 [PROFILE], Appendix A.1
AlgorithmIdentifier
FROM PKIX1Explicit88
{ iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7)
mod(0) pkix1-explicit(18) }
-- Imports from RFC 3852
SubjectKeyIdentifier, Digest, IssuerAndSerialNumber
FROM CryptographicMessageSyntax2004
{ iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549)
pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16) modules(0)
cms-2004(24) };
DeviationListVersion ::= INTEGER {v0(0)}
DeviationList ::= SEQUENCE {
version DeviationListVersion,
digestAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier OPTIONAL,
deviations SET OF Deviation
}
Deviation ::= SEQUENCE{
documents DeviationDocuments,
descriptions SET OF DeviationDescription
}
DeviationDescription ::= SEQUENCE{
description PrintableString OPTIONAL,
deviationType OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
parameters [0] ANY DEFINED BY deviationType OPTIONAL,
nationalUse [1] ANY OPTIONAL
-- The nationalUse field is for internal State use, and is not governed
-- by an ICAO specification.
}
DeviationDocuments ::= SEQUENCE {
documentType [0] PrintableString (SIZE(2)) OPTIONAL,
-- per MRZ, e.g. 'P'
dscIdentifier DocumentSignerIdentifier OPTIONAL,
issuingDate [4] IssuancePeriod OPTIONAL,
documentNumbers [5] SET OF PrintableString OPTIONAL
}
DocumentSignerIdentifier ::= CHOICE{
issuerAndSerialNumber [1] IssuerAndSerialNumber,
subjectKeyIdentifier [2] SubjectKeyIdentifier,
certificateDigest [3] Digest -- if used, digestAlgorithm must be present in
DeviationList
}
IssuancePeriod ::= SEQUENCE {
firstIssued GeneralizedTime,
lastIssued GeneralizedTime
}
-- CertField is used to define which part of a certificate is
affected by a coding error. Parts of the Body are identified by
the corresponding value of CertificateBodyField, extensions
by the corresponding OID identifying the extension.
CertField ::= CHOICE {
body CertificateBodyField,
extension OBJECT IDENTIFIER
}
CertificateBodyField ::= INTEGER {
generic(0), version(1), serialNumber(2), signature(3), issuer(4),
validity(5), subject(6), subjectPublicKeyInfo(7),
issuerUniqueID(8), subjectUniqueID(9)
}
Datagroup ::= INTEGER
{dg1(1), dg2(2), dg3(3), dg4(4), dg5(5), dg6(6),
dg7(7), dg8(8), dg9(9), dg10(10), dg11(11),
dg12(12), dg13(13), dg14(14), dg15(15), dg16(16),
sod(20), com(21)}
MRZField ::= INTEGER
{generic(0), documentCode(1), issuingState(2), personName(3),
documentNumber(4), nationality(5), dateOfBirth(6),
sex(7), dateOfExpiry(8), optionalData(9)}
ISO 1073-2:1976, Alphanumeric character sets for optical recognition - Part 2: Character set OCR-B - Shapes and dimensions of the printed image ISO 1073-2:1976,光學辨識用英數字元集 - 第 2 部分:OCR-B 字元集 - 列印影像之形狀與尺寸
[ISO 1831]
ISO 1831:1980, Printing specifications for optical character recognition ISO 1831:1980,光學字元識別列印規格
[ISO 3166-1]
ISO 3166-1:2013 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1:Country codes ISO 3166-1:2013 國家及其行政區名稱代碼 第 1 部分:國家代碼
ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005, Information technology - Biometric data interchange formats - Part 5: Face image data ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005,資訊技術 - 生物特徵資料交換格式 - 第 5 部分:人臉影像資料
D. Cooper, S. Santesson, S. Farrell, S. Boeyen, R. Housley, W. Polk, , "Internet X. 509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", May 2008 D. Cooper、S. Santesson、S. Farrell、S. Boeyen、R. Housley、W. Polk,「網際網路 X.509 公開金鑰基礎建設憑證和憑證廢止清單(CRL)規範」,2008 年 5 月
[ISO 1073-2] ISO 1073-2:1976, Alphanumeric character sets for optical recognition - Part 2: Character set OCR-B - Shapes and dimensions of the printed image
[ISO 1831] ISO 1831:1980, Printing specifications for optical character recognition
[ISO 3166-1] ISO 3166-1:2013 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1:Country codes
[ISO/IEC 7810] ISO/IEC 7810:2003, Identification cards - Physical characteristics
[ISO/IEC 19794-5] ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005, Information technology - Biometric data interchange formats - Part 5: Face image data
[RFC 3852] Cryptographic Message Syntax - July 2004
[RFC 5280] D. Cooper, S. Santesson, S. Farrell, S. Boeyen, R. Housley, W. Polk, , "Internet X. 509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", May 2008| [ISO 1073-2] | ISO 1073-2:1976, Alphanumeric character sets for optical recognition - Part 2: Character set OCR-B - Shapes and dimensions of the printed image |
| :--- | :--- |
| [ISO 1831] | ISO 1831:1980, Printing specifications for optical character recognition |
| [ISO 3166-1] | ISO 3166-1:2013 Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1:Country codes |
| [ISO/IEC 7810] | ISO/IEC 7810:2003, Identification cards - Physical characteristics |
| [ISO/IEC 19794-5] | ISO/IEC 19794-5:2005, Information technology - Biometric data interchange formats - Part 5: Face image data |
| [RFC 3852] | Cryptographic Message Syntax - July 2004 |
| [RFC 5280] | D. Cooper, S. Santesson, S. Farrell, S. Boeyen, R. Housley, W. Polk, , "Internet X. 509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", May 2008 |
APPENDIX A TO PART 3 - EXAMPLES OF CHECK DIGIT CALCULATION (INFORMATIVE) 附錄 A 至第 3 部分 - 檢查數位計算範例(資訊性)
Example 1 - Application of check digit to date field 範例 1 - 日期欄位檢驗碼的應用
Using 27 July 1952 as an example, with the date in numeric form, the calculation will be: 以 1952 年 7 月 27 日為例,日期以數字形式表示時,計算如下:
Step 4. Check digit is the remainder, 3. The date and its check digit shall consequently be written as 5207273. 步驟 4. 檢查碼是餘數,為 3。因此日期及其檢查碼應寫為 5207273。
Example 2 - Application of check digit to document number field 範例 2 - 將檢查碼應用於文件編號欄位
Using the number AB2134 as an example for coding a 9-character, fixed-length field (e.g. passport number), the calculation will be: 以 AB2134 作為編碼 9 字元固定長度欄位(如護照號碼)的範例,計算將為:
Step 4. Check digit is the remainder, 5. The number and its check digit shall consequently be written as AB2134<<<5. 步驟 4。檢查碼是餘數,5。因此號碼及其檢查碼應寫成 AB2134<<<5。
Examples of the calculation of composite check digits. 複合檢查碼計算的範例。
The calculation method for composite check digits is the same for all MRTDs. However, the location and number of the digits to be included in the calculation are different between the different types of documents. For completeness, examples of each are included here. 對於所有機讀旅行文件(MRTDs),複合檢查碼的計算方法是相同的。然而,計算中要包含的數字位置和數量在不同類型的文件中會有所不同。為了完整性,此處將包含每種類型的範例。
Example 3 - Composite check digit calculation for TD3 documents 範例 3 - TD3 文件的複合檢查碼計算
Using the lower line of MRZ data from a TD3 data page that follows, as an example for coding the composite check digit, the calculation will be: 以下使用 TD3 資料頁面下方線段的機讀區(MRZ)資料作為編碼複合檢查碼的範例,其計算方式將是:
Character positions 1-43: Example with no alpha-numeric characters in “optional data” field. 字元位置 1-43:「選用資料」欄位中沒有英數字元的範例。
HA672242<6YT05802254M9601086<<<<<<<<<<<<<<0
Step 4. Check digit is the remainder, 8. The lower line of MRZ data together with its composite check digit may consequently be written as follows: 步驟 4. 檢查位數是餘數,8。因此,機讀區(MRZ)資料的下一行及其複合檢查位數可寫成如下:
HA672242<6YT05802254M9601086<<<<<<<<<<<<<<08
Example 4 - Composite check digit calculation for TD1 documents 範例 4 - TD1 文件的複合檢查位數計算
Using the upper and middle lines of MRZ data of a TD1 that follow as an example for coding the composite check digit, the calculation will be: 以 TD1 文件的機讀區上行及中行資料為範例,說明組合檢查碼的編碼計算如下:
Upper machine readable line (character positions 1-30): I I YTOD231458907く<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 上方機讀行(字元位置 1-30):I I YTOD231458907く<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Step 4. Check digit is the remainder, 2. The middle line of MRZ data together with its composite check digit may consequently be written as follows: 3407127M9507122YT0<<<<<<<<<<<2. 步驟 4:檢查碼為餘數 2。因此,MRZ 資料的中間一行及其複合檢查碼可以寫成:3407127M9507122YT0<<<<<<<<<<<2。
Example 5 - Composite check digit calculation for TD2 documents. 範例 5 - 旅行證件 2 型檔案的組合檢查碼計算
Using the lower line of MRZ data that follows as an example for coding the composite check digit, the calculation will be: Lower machine readable line (character positions 1-35): 以下是使用 MRZ 資料下一行作為編碼組合檢查碼的範例,計算過程將是:機器可讀區下一行(字元位置 1-35):
HA672242<6YT05802254M9601086<<<<<<<
Step 4. Check digit is the remainder, 8. The lower line of MRZ data together with its composite check digit may consequently be written as follows: 步驟 4:檢查碼為餘數 8。MRZ 資料的下一行及其複合檢查碼可因此寫成如下:
HA672242<6YT05802254M9601086<<<<<<<<8.
APPENDIX B TO PART 3 - TRANSLITERATION OF ARABIC SCRIPT IN MRTDS (INFORMATIVE) 附錄乙:機讀旅行證件中阿拉伯文字的音譯(資訊性)
B. 1 The Arabic Script B. 1 阿拉伯文字系統
The Arabic script is used by the Arabic language, the official language of about 24 countries from Morocco to Oman. The Arabic script is also used by other languages, notably Farsi in Iran; Pashto and Dari in Afghanistan; Urdu in Pakistan; and many others, including Kurdish, Assyrian, Hausa and Uighur. In the past it was used for the languages of Central Asia, for example, Tajik and Uzbek. 阿拉伯文字被阿拉伯語(約 24 個從摩洛哥到阿曼的國家的官方語言)使用。阿拉伯文字也被其他語言使用,尤其是伊朗的波斯語;阿富汗的普什圖語和達利語;巴基斯坦的烏爾都語;以及許多其他語言,包括庫爾德語、亞述語、豪薩語和維吾爾語。在過去,它曾被用於中亞的語言,例如塔吉克語和烏茲別克語。
The Arabic script is cursive, and a letter will often change its shape depending upon whether it is standing alone (isolated); at the start of a word (initial); in the body of a word (medial); or at the end (final). For example, the letter ب (beh) changes its shape to נ at the beginning of the word (Bakr) — note that Arabic reads from right to left, so the first letter is at the right hand side. We are not concerned here with these different letter shapes (glyphs), only the basic letter code - represented by the isolated shape. 阿拉伯文字是連寫體,一個字母的形狀常常會根據它是獨立的、在字首、在字中或在字尾而改變。例如,字母ب(beh)在字首(Bakr)時會改變形狀為נ — 請注意阿拉伯語是從右向左閱讀,所以第一個字母在右側。我們在此不關心這些不同的字母形狀(字形),只關注基本字母編碼 — 以獨立形狀表示。
Arabic and the other languages using the Arabic script are usually written using consonants alone. Thus the name محمد (Mohammed) as written consists of just four consonants, which may be approximated in Latin as “Mhmd”. The vowels are added at the discretion of the translator to achieve a phonetic equivalent. Arabic can also be “vocalized” if the vowel marks (“harakat”) are added to modify the pronunciation. However, the harakat are normally omitted. 阿拉伯語和其他使用阿拉伯文字的語言通常僅使用輔音書寫。因此,名字محمد(穆罕默德)所寫的只包含四個輔音,可以用拉丁文近似為「Mhmd」。元音由譯者自行添加以實現語音等值。如果加上元音標記(「harakat」)以修改發音,阿拉伯語也可以「加元音」。然而,通常會省略這些 harakat。
The standard Arabic script consists of 32 consonants, 18 vowels and dipthongs and three other signs. In addition there are over 100 national characters in the Arabic script when used with non-Arabic languages, although some of these are obsolete and no longer in use. 標準阿拉伯文字由 32 個輔音、18 個元音和雙元音以及三個其他符號組成。此外,當阿拉伯文字用於非阿拉伯語言時,還有超過 100 個國家字元,儘管其中一些已過時且不再使用。
B. 2 The Arabic Script in the MRTD B.2 機讀旅行文件中的阿拉伯文字
B.2.1 VIZ B.2.1 視覺檢查區域(VIZ)
The VIZ has a mandatory field for the name (refer to specifications for each form factor in Doc 9303, Parts 4 through 7). Doc 9303-3, paragraph 3.1, states: VIZ 對姓名有強制性欄位(請參考文件 9303 第 4 至第 7 部分中各種格式的規範)。文件 9303-3 第 3.1 段說明:
“When mandatory data elements are in a national language that does not use the Latin alphabet, a transliteration shall also be provided.” 「當強制性資料元素使用非拉丁字母的國家語言時,還必須提供音譯。」
Thus if the name is written in the Arabic script, a Latin representation shall be included. While Doc 9303 refers to this representation as a “transliteration”, it is commonly a phonetic equivalent and should be more correctly termed a “transcription”. 因此,如果名字是以阿拉伯文字書寫,則應包含拉丁文表示法。雖然文件 9303 將此表示法稱為「音譯」,但它通常是語音等效,應更準確地稱為「轉寫」。
For example: 例如:
the name ^(1){ }^{1} in Arabic script: ابو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي 阿拉伯文字的名字 ^(1){ }^{1} :ابو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي
and a transcription into Latin characters: Abū Bakr Mohammed ibn Zakarīa al-Rāzi 以及轉寫成拉丁字母:Abū Bakr Mohammed ibn Zakarīa al-Rāzi
Firstly note that Doc 9303-3, paragraph 3.2, allows the use of diacritical marks (e.g. the bar(a)\overline{\mathbf{a}} in al-Rāzi) in the VIZ at the option of the issuing State. 首先注意,文件 9303-3 的第 3.2 段落,允許簽發國可以選擇在視覺檢查區(VIZ)中使用變音符號(例如在 al-Rāzi 中的 bar(a)\overline{\mathbf{a}} )。
Secondly, note that this particular transcription into Latin characters is only one of many possibilities. The “Database of Arabic Name Variants” website ^(2){ }^{2} gives the following sixteen variations for محمد: 其次,請注意這種特定的拉丁字母轉寫只是眾多可能性中的一種。「阿拉伯名字變體資料庫」網站 ^(2){ }^{2} 提供了محمد的以下十六種變體:
Muhammad
Mohammad
Muhamad 穆罕默德
Mohemmed 穆罕默德
Muhamed 穆罕默德
Mouhammed 穆罕默德
Moohammad 穆罕默德
Mohamad 穆罕默德
Mohamed 穆罕默德
Mohemmed 穆罕默德
Muhammed 穆罕默德
Moohamad 穆罕默德
Muhamad 穆罕默德
Mohammed 穆罕默德
Muhemmed 穆罕默德
Moohammed 穆罕默德
In some countries it is common to replace the final “d” with “t”, so this leads to a total of 32 variations for محمد. 在某些國家,常會將最後一個「d」替換為「t」,因此這導致محمد有總共 32 種變化。
The transcription scheme used depends upon the language and regional accent of the Arabic script source (non-Arabic languages such as Farsi, Pashto and Urdu also use the Arabic script); the language of the Latin script speaker; and the transcription scheme used. 所使用的轉寫方案取決於阿拉伯文字來源的語言和地區口音(如波斯語、普什圖語和烏爾都語等非阿拉伯語言也使用阿拉伯文字)、拉丁文字使用者的語言,以及所採用的轉寫方案。
B.2.2 MRZ B.2.2 機讀區(MRZ)
Chapter 4 of this part of Doc 9303 describes the MRZ. Doc 9303 本部分的第 4 章描述了機讀區(MRZ)。
The MRZ provides a set of essential data elements in a format standardized for each type of MRTD that can be used by all receiving States regardless of their national script or customs. The data in the MRZ are formatted in such a way as to be readable by machines with standard capability worldwide and, as a consequence, the MRZ is a different representation of the data than is found in the VIZ. National characters generally appear only in the computer-processing systems of the States in which they apply and are not available globally. They shall not, therefore, appear in the MRZ. 機讀區提供一組以各類機讀旅行證件(MRTD)標準化格式表示的基本資料元素,這些資料可供所有接收國家使用,不論其國家文字或海關要求。機讀區中的資料格式設計為全球標準機器可讀,因此 MRZ 的資料呈現方式與可視區(VIZ)不同。國家專用字元通常僅出現在該國的電腦處理系統中,且無法在全球通用。因此,這些字元不得出現在機讀區。
The Name Field of the MRZ consists, in the case of the MRP, of 39 character positions, and only the OCR-B subset of A-Z and < may be used. Thus Arabic characters shall not be used in the MRZ, and “equivalent” OCR-B characters must be used to represent them. 就機讀護照(MRP)而言,機讀區的姓名欄位包含 39 個字元位置,且僅可使用 A-Z 和 < 的 OCR-B 子集。因此,阿拉伯文字不得在機讀區使用,必須採用「等效」的 OCR-B 字元來表示。
The conversion of the name in the Arabic script to the Latin characters of the MRZ, constrained by the use of only the OCR-B characters A-Z and <, is problematical. In addition, the uncertainty introduced if a phonetic-based transcription is allowed means that database searches can become useless. 將阿拉伯文字的姓名轉換成機讀區域(MRZ)的拉丁字母,且僅限使用光學字元辨識 B 字型(OCR-B)的 A-Z 及 < 符號,這是很有問題的。此外,若允許以音譯進行轉寫,所引入的不確定性將使資料庫搜尋變得毫無用處。
For example, from the same example used above: 舉例來說,使用上述相同的範例:
the name in Arabic script: ابو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي 阿拉伯文字的姓名:ابو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي
and one transcription into Latin characters for the MRZ: 以及一種轉寫成 MRZ 拉丁字母的方式:
However the MRZ is likely to be one of at least 32 variants based on the name “Mohammed” alone. “Zakaria” may be written “Zakariya”; “ibn” as “bin”; and “al” as “el”. Just these variations lead to 256 alternatives. 然而,僅基於「穆罕默德」這個名字,MRZ 就可能存在至少 32 種變體。「扎卡里亞」可能寫成「扎卡里亞」;「伊本」可寫成「賓」;「阿爾」可寫成「埃爾」。光是這些變化就會導致 256 種替代寫法。
To draw the contrast, a transliteration of the above name محمد, for example, applying the Buckwalter table (see below) to the four Arabic characters, would be “mHmd”. In this case, each Arabic character maps into a single Latin character. No allowance is made for phonetics. 為了對比說明,以上述名字محمد為例,使用白克沃爾特轉寫表(見下文)轉寫這四個阿拉伯字母,結果將是「mHmd」。在這種情況下,每個阿拉伯字母都映射到一個拉丁字母。不考慮語音特徵。
The complete Buckwalter transliteration of the name above is: 該名字的完整白克沃爾特轉寫是:
Abw<bAkr<mHmd<bn<zkryAY<AlrAzY
Unfortunately, the Buckwalter table uses lower case (a-z) and special characters ( {:^('),∣, > ,$, < ,},^(**),,∼\left.{ }^{\prime}, \mid,>, \$,<,\right\},{ }^{*},, \sim ) so is not suitable for use in the MRZ (see http://www.qamus.org/transliteration.htm). 很遺憾,巴克沃特表使用小寫字母(a-z)和特殊字符( {:^('),∣, > ,$, < ,},^(**),,∼\left.{ }^{\prime}, \mid,>, \$,<,\right\},{ }^{*},, \sim ),因此不適合用於機讀區(MRZ)(參見 http://www.qamus.org/transliteration.htm)。
B. 3 Recommendation for the VIZ B.3 視覺檢查區(VIZ)的建議
B.3.1 Transcription in the VIZ B.3.1 視覺檢查區的轉寫
As stated above, Doc 9303-3, paragraph 3.1, mandates the inclusion of a “transliteration” in the VIZ when a national script other than Latin is used. Related Doc 9303-3, paragraph 3.4, refers specifically to the requirement for names. 如前所述,文件 9303-3 第 3.1 段要求在使用非拉丁文字的情況下,在可視識別區(VIZ)中加入「音譯」。相關文件 9303-3 第 3.4 段特別提到對姓名的要求。
There is confusion about the terms “transliteration” and “transcription”. A “transliteration” is a strictly one-to-one representation of the non-Latin script. A “transcription” is a more loose representation, often based on phonetics (how the name “sounds” when spoken). Of course, often sounds made in one language do not have equivalents in another, and it depends on the target language, for example, “ch”, “sh” and “th” are pronounced differently in English and French and German. Compare the English transcription “Omar Khayyam” with the German transcription “Omar Chajjam” for the name of the mathematician and poet عمر خيام. 「音譯」和「轉寫」這兩個詞彙常常造成混淆。「音譯」是非拉丁文字的嚴格一對一表示。「轉寫」則是一種較為寬鬆的表示方法,通常基於語音(姓名的發音方式)。當然,一種語言中的發音常常在另一種語言中沒有對應的發音,且取決於目標語言,例如,英語、法語和德語中的「ch」、「sh」和「th」的發音都不同。比較數學家和詩人عمر خيام的英語轉寫「Omar Khayyam」和德語轉寫「Omar Chajjam」就可以看出這一點。
There are many “transcription” schemes: 目前存在許多「轉寫」方案:
Deutches Institut für Normung: DIN 31635 (1982) 德國標準化協會:DIN 31635(1982)
Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (1936) 德國東方學會 (1936)
International Standards Organisation: ISO/R 233 (1961), ISO 233 (1984)[3], ISO 233-2 (1993) 國際標準組織:ISO/R 233 (1961)、ISO 233 (1984)[3]、ISO 233-2 (1993)
British Standards Institute: BS 4280 (1968) 英國標準協會:BS 4280 (1968)
United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN): UN (1972) [4] 聯合國地名專家小組 (UNGEGN):聯合國 (1972) [4]
Qalam (1985) 卡拉姆 (1985)
American Library Association - Library of Congress: ALA-LC (1997) [1] 美國圖書館協會 - 國會圖書館:ALA-LC (1997) [1]
The Encyclopedia of Islam, new edition: El (1960) [2] 伊斯蘭百科全書,新版:埃爾 (1960) [2]
Some countries maintain their citizens’ names in birth or citizen registers in both Arabic and Latin script, where the Latin version is an approved transcription of the Arabic version. These countries may wish to continue to enter the approved Latin transcription in the VIZ. 某些國家在出生或公民登記冊中同時保留公民的阿拉伯文和拉丁文姓名,其中拉丁文版本是阿拉伯文版本的核准音譯。這些國家可能希望繼續在 VIZ 中輸入核准的拉丁文音譯。
Recommendation 建議
Doc 9303-3, in paragraphs 3.1 and 3.4 as stated above, makes it mandatory to provide a Latin character equivalent in the VIZ, so it is at the discretion of the issuing State as to whether this is a phonetic transcription, or a copy of the MRZ transliteration (as described below). 文件 9303-3 在上述的第 3.1 及 3.4 段落中,強制要求在可視區(VIZ)提供拉丁字元對等文字,因此由簽發國決定是使用語音轉寫,或是機讀區(MRZ)轉譯的副本(如下所述)。
B.3.2 Transcription schemes B.3.2 轉寫方案
Some of the transcription schemes are presented below: 部分轉寫方案如下:
Unicode Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name ^(3){ }^{3} 名稱 ^(3){ }^{3}
DIN 31635 DIN 31635 標準
ISO 233
UN GEGN 聯合國地名專家組
ALA-LC
El 阿拉伯字母
0621
^(¢){ }^{¢}¢
hamza 轉折附加符號
^('){ }^{\prime}
^(1){ }^{1}
^('){ }^{\prime}
'
^('){ }^{\prime}
0622
I
alef with madda above 上標變音字母 alef
'ā
'â
ā
ā
bar(A)\bar{A}
0627
1
alef 阿勒夫字母
bar(A)\bar{A}
^('){ }^{\prime}
0628
ب
beh 貝字母
B
b
b
b
B
0629
ة
teh marbuta 收尾的ة
h,t
t
h,t
h,t
a,at
062A
ت
teh
T
t
t
t
I
062B
ث
theh
T
t_\underline{t}
th
th
Th 太
062C
ج
jeem 吉姆
Ğ
ğ
j
j
Dj
062D
tau\tau
hah 哈哈
ḩ
h
h
h
h
062E
خ
khah 較
h
h_\underline{h}
kh 看護
kh 看護
Kh 卡
062F
د 阿拉伯字母「達」
dal 達勒
D
d
d
d
D
0630
ذ 茲
thal
D
d_\underline{\mathrm{d}}
dh
dh
Dh
0631
J
reh 康復治療師
R
r
r
r
R
0632
j
zain 在
Z
z
z
z
Z
0633
س ㄙ
seen 西恩
S
s
s
s
S
0634
ش ㄕ
sheen 希恩
Š
š
sh
sh
Sh 殺
0635
ص 葉
sad 悲傷
ş 蛇
ş
ș
ş
ş
0636
ض 注音符號ض
dad 爸爸
d
d
d
d
d
0637
ط 注音符號ط
tah 她
t
t
ţ
t
t
0638
b
zah
z
z
z,
z
z
0639
epsi\varepsilon
ain
^('){ }^{\prime}
^('){ }^{\prime}
^('){ }^{\prime}
^('){ }^{\prime}
^('){ }^{\prime}
063A
દ
ghain
Ġ
g
gh
gh
Gh
0640
-
tatwheel
[graphic filler, not transcribed] [圖形填充,未轉錄]
0641
ف
feh 阿拉伯字母「法」
F
f
f
f
F
0642
ق
qaf 阿拉伯字母「卡夫」
Q
q
q
q
k
0643
ك
kaf 卡夫
K
k
k
k
K
0644
J
lam 拉姆
L
I
l
l
L
0645
p
meem 米姆
M
m
m
m
M
0646
ن ن 努恩字母
noon 努恩
N
n
n
n
N
0647
0
heh 赫字母
H
h
h
h
H
0648
9
waw 華哇語
W
w
w
w
W
Unicode Arabic letter Name ^(3) DIN 31635 ISO 233 UN GEGN ALA-LC El
0621 ^(¢) hamza ^(') ^(1) ^(') ' ^(')
0622 I alef with madda above 'ā 'â ā ā bar(A)
0627 1 alef bar(A) ^(')
0628 ب beh B b b b B
0629 ة teh marbuta h,t t h,t h,t a,at
062A ت teh T t t t I
062B ث theh T t_ th th Th
062C ج jeem Ğ ğ j j Dj
062D tau hah ḩ h h h h
062E خ khah h h_ kh kh Kh
062F د dal D d d d D
0630 ذ thal D d_ dh dh Dh
0631 J reh R r r r R
0632 j zain Z z z z Z
0633 س seen S s s s S
0634 ش sheen Š š sh sh Sh
0635 ص sad ş ş ș ş ş
0636 ض dad d d d d d
0637 ط tah t t ţ t t
0638 b zah z z z, z z
0639 epsi ain ^(') ^(') ^(') ^(') ^(')
063A દ ghain Ġ g gh gh Gh
0640 - tatwheel [graphic filler, not transcribed]
0641 ف feh F f f f F
0642 ق qaf Q q q q k
0643 ك kaf K k k k K
0644 J lam L I l l L
0645 p meem M m m m M
0646 ن ن noon N n n n N
0647 0 heh H h h h H
0648 9 waw W w w w W| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name ${ }^{3}$ | DIN 31635 | ISO 233 | UN GEGN | ALA-LC | El |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0621 | ${ }^{¢}$ | hamza | ${ }^{\prime}$ | ${ }^{1}$ | ${ }^{\prime}$ | ' | ${ }^{\prime}$ |
| 0622 | I | alef with madda above | 'ā | 'â | ā | ā | $\bar{A}$ |
| 0627 | 1 | alef | $\bar{A}$ | ${ }^{\prime}$ | | | |
| 0628 | ب | beh | B | b | b | b | B |
| 0629 | ة | teh marbuta | h,t | t | h,t | h,t | a,at |
| 062A | ت | teh | T | t | t | t | I |
| 062B | ث | theh | T | $\underline{t}$ | th | th | Th |
| 062C | ج | jeem | Ğ | ğ | j | j | Dj |
| 062D | $\tau$ | hah | ḩ | h | h | h | h |
| 062E | خ | khah | h | $\underline{h}$ | kh | kh | Kh |
| 062F | د | dal | D | d | d | d | D |
| 0630 | ذ | thal | D | $\underline{\mathrm{d}}$ | dh | dh | Dh |
| 0631 | J | reh | R | r | r | r | R |
| 0632 | j | zain | Z | z | z | z | Z |
| 0633 | س | seen | S | s | s | s | S |
| 0634 | ش | sheen | Š | š | sh | sh | Sh |
| 0635 | ص | sad | ş | ş | ș | ş | ş |
| 0636 | ض | dad | d | d | d | d | d |
| 0637 | ط | tah | t | t | ţ | t | t |
| 0638 | b | zah | z | z | z, | z | z |
| 0639 | $\varepsilon$ | ain | ${ }^{\prime}$ | ${ }^{\prime}$ | ${ }^{\prime}$ | ${ }^{\prime}$ | ${ }^{\prime}$ |
| 063A | દ | ghain | Ġ | g | gh | gh | Gh |
| 0640 | - | tatwheel | [graphic filler, not transcribed] | | | | |
| 0641 | ف | feh | F | f | f | f | F |
| 0642 | ق | qaf | Q | q | q | q | k |
| 0643 | ك | kaf | K | k | k | k | K |
| 0644 | J | lam | L | I | l | l | L |
| 0645 | p | meem | M | m | m | m | M |
| 0646 | ن ن | noon | N | n | n | n | N |
| 0647 | 0 | heh | H | h | h | h | H |
| 0648 | 9 | waw | W | w | w | w | W |
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name ^(3){ }^{3} 名稱 ^(3){ }^{3}
DIN 31635 丁恩 31635
ISO 233 國際標準化組織 233
UN GEGN 聯合國地名專家組
ALA-LC
El 厄爾
0649
ى
alef maksura 阿拉伯字母末尾形式
bar(A)\bar{A}
ỳ
y
y
bar(A)\bar{A}
064A
ي 阿拉伯字母
yeh 耶
Y
y
y
y
Y
064B
б
fathatan 法塔坦
An 安
á' 空白字元
a
an 一個
064C
ல் 無法識別的特殊字元
dammatan dammatan(一個阿拉伯語音標符號)
Un 一
ú 餘
u
un 一
064D
%
kasratan 重音符號
In 在
í
i
in 在
064E
б
fatha 胡喀(發音符號)
A
a
a
a
A
064F
ó 圓唇元音符號
damma 上圓唇元音符號
u
u
u
u
U
0650
%
kasra 下圓唇元音符號
i
i
i
i
I
0651
б
shadda
[double] [雙]
-
[double] [雙]
[double] 【雙】
[double] 【雙】
0652
)
sukun 蘇庫音符號
0
0670
b
superscript alef 上標阿里夫字母
ā
ā
ā
ā
bar(A)\bar{A}
Unicode Arabic letter Name ^(3) DIN 31635 ISO 233 UN GEGN ALA-LC El
0649 ى alef maksura bar(A) ỳ y y bar(A)
064A ي yeh Y y y y Y
064B б fathatan An á' a an
064C ல் dammatan Un ú u un
064D % kasratan In í i in
064E б fatha A a a a A
064F ó damma u u u u U
0650 % kasra i i i i I
0651 б shadda [double] - [double] [double] [double]
0652 ) sukun 0
0670 b superscript alef ā ā ā ā bar(A)| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name ${ }^{3}$ | DIN 31635 | ISO 233 | UN GEGN | ALA-LC | El |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0649 | ى | alef maksura | $\bar{A}$ | ỳ | y | y | $\bar{A}$ |
| 064A | ي | yeh | Y | y | y | y | Y |
| 064B | б | fathatan | An | á' | a | an | |
| 064C | ல் | dammatan | Un | ú | u | un | |
| 064D | % | kasratan | In | í | i | in | |
| 064E | б | fatha | A | a | a | a | A |
| 064F | ó | damma | u | u | u | u | U |
| 0650 | % | kasra | i | i | i | i | I |
| 0651 | б | shadda | [double] | - | [double] | [double] | [double] |
| 0652 | ) | sukun | | 0 | | | |
| 0670 | b | superscript alef | ā | ā | ā | ā | $\bar{A}$ |
Other national characters are: 其他國家文字包括:
067E
ي
peh
p
p
P
0686
を
tcheh
č
ch,zh
Č
0698
j
jeh
ž
zh
Zh
06A2 ^(4){ }^{4}
هب 喝
feh with dot moved below 點移至下方的「feh」
f
f
q
06A4
ڤ
veh 車輛
v
v
06A5
*
feh with 3 dots below 帶有三個點的字母
V
V
06A7 ^(4){ }^{4}
ف 阿拉伯字母 ف
qaf with dot above 帶上方點的阿拉伯字母「قاف」
q
q
f
06A8 ^(4){ }^{4}
ڤ
qaf with 3 dots above 帶上方三個點的阿拉伯字母「قاف」
v
v
06AD
*
ng
G
g
G
06AF
گ
gaf
G
g
G
067E ي peh p p P
0686 を tcheh č ch,zh Č
0698 j jeh ž zh Zh
06A2 ^(4) هب feh with dot moved below f f q
06A4 ڤ veh v v
06A5 * feh with 3 dots below V V
06A7 ^(4) ف qaf with dot above q q f
06A8 ^(4) ڤ qaf with 3 dots above v v
06AD * ng G g G
06AF گ gaf G g G| 067E | ي | peh | p | | p | P |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0686 | を | tcheh | č | | ch,zh | Č |
| 0698 | j | jeh | ž | | zh | Zh |
| 06A2 ${ }^{4}$ | هب | feh with dot moved below | f | f | q | |
| 06A4 | ڤ | veh | v | | v | |
| 06A5 | * | feh with 3 dots below | V | | V | |
| 06A7 ${ }^{4}$ | ف | qaf with dot above | q | q | f | |
| 06A8 ${ }^{4}$ | ڤ | qaf with 3 dots above | v | | v | |
| 06AD | * | ng | G | | g | G |
| 06AF | گ | gaf | G | | g | G |
B. 4 Transliteration in the MRZ B. 4 機讀區的音譯
B.4.1 Transliteration of European languages in the MRZ B.4.1 歐洲語言在機讀區域中的音譯
It is worth considering the situation of the national characters of European languages. Doc 9303-3, Section 6 “Transliterations Recommended for use by States” includes a table: Transliteration of Multinational Latin-based Characters. 值得考慮歐洲語言的本國字元情況。Doc 9303-3 的第 6 節「建議供各國使用的音譯」包含一個表格:多國拉丁字母字元的音譯。
Most of the national characters have their diacritical marks omitted for inclusion in the MRZ. There are a group of nine characters that are treated specially, for example, the character “Ñ” can be transliterated into the MRZ as “NXX”, thus preserving its uniqueness and importance for database searches. 大多數國家文字的變音符號為了納入機讀區(MRZ)而被省略。有一組九個字元被特殊處理,例如,字元「Ñ」可以在機讀區被音譯為「NXX」,從而保留其在資料庫搜尋中的唯一性和重要性。
For example: 舉例來說:
the name in a European national script: Térèsa CAÑON 歐洲國家文字的姓名:Térèsa CAÑON
and the transliteration into the MRZ: CANXXON<<TERESA 以及在機讀區的音譯:CANXXON<<TERESA
While the MRZ representation appears unaesthetic (and may lead to complaints), the purpose is for machine reading, thus enabling the original name to be recovered for database searches and the like. Thus the MRZ results in the name being recognized as CAÑON as distinct from CANON. 雖然機器可讀區域(MRZ)的表示看起來不太美觀(且可能引起抱怨),但其目的是為了機器讀取,從而使原始名稱可以用於資料庫搜尋等用途。因此,MRZ 能夠將名稱識別為 CAÑON,而非 CANON。
B.4.2 Use of UNICODE B.4.2 UNICODE 的使用
Internally, computers use encoding schemes to represent the characters of different languages. A common encoding scheme is UNICODE, which is nearly equivalent to the ISO/IEC standard 10646 (UNICODE character indices are used in the tables below). 在內部,電腦使用編碼方案來表示不同語言的字元。一種常見的編碼方案是 UNICODE,幾乎等同於 ISO/IEC 10646 標準(以下表格中使用 UNICODE 字元索引)。
Representations of all the characters of the Arabic script can be found in UNICODE. The UNICODE character indices are usually given as a four-digit hexadecimal number (hexadecimal is base 16, and uses the numerals 0-9 and letters A-F to represent the 16 possible numbers). All Arabic characters are located in row 06 which forms the first two digits of the numbers (i.e. 06XX). 阿拉伯文字的所有字元都可以在 UNICODE 中找到。UNICODE 字元索引通常以四位數的十六進位數字表示(十六進位是 base 16,使用 0-9 的數字和 A-F 的字母來表示 16 種可能的數字)。所有阿拉伯文字都位於第 06 列,這形成了數字的前兩位數字(即 06XX)。
For example: 舉例來說:
ابو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي 阿布·貝克爾·穆罕默德·本·扎卡里亞·拉齊
can be encoded in UNICODE as: 可以用 UNICODE 編碼:
B. 5 Recommendation for the MRZ B. 5 建議事項 — 機讀區(MRZ)
B.5.1 Factors affecting transliteration in the MRZ B.5.1 影響機讀區域(MRZ)音譯的因素
Doc 9303-3, paragraph 4.1 states, “… the MRZ provides verification of the information in the VIZ and may be used to provide search characters for a database inquiry.” Paragraph 4.1 also states that “The data in the MRZ are formatted in such a way as to be readable by machines with standard capability worldwide”, and “The MRZ is a different representation of the data than is found in the VIZ.” However, in paragraph 4.2 it is stated that “the data in the MRZ must be visually readable as well as machine readable.” Doc 9303-3 第 4.1 段落指出,「…機讀區域提供可驗證視覺檢查區(VIZ)的資訊,並可用於提供資料庫查詢的搜尋字元。」第 4.1 段落還提到,「MRZ 中的資料以可被全球標準能力的機器讀取的方式格式化」,以及「MRZ 是與 VIZ 中所呈現不同的資料呈現方式。」然而,在第 4.2 段落中卻指出,「MRZ 中的資料必須同時具有視覺可讀性及機器可讀性。」
The aim here is to transliterate the Arabic name into equivalent Latin characters in the MRZ such that there is only one possible representation for the name. This is necessary to avoid ambiguity and make database and alert list searching as accurate as possible for reliable identification. At the same time, the MRZ must be as far as possible a recognizable representation of the name as displayed in the VIZ so that it is visually readable for the purposes of advanced passenger processing and similar uses. 此處的目的是將阿拉伯文姓名音譯成等效的拉丁字元,使其在機讀區域中僅有一種可能的呈現方式。這是必要的,以避免模糊性,並讓資料庫和警示清單搜尋盡可能準確,以進行可靠的身份識別。同時,MRZ 必須盡可能成為與 VIZ 中所顯示名稱相符的可辨識呈現,以便於進階旅客處理和類似用途的視覺可讀性。
There are several transliteration schemes in use: Standard Arabic Technical Transliteration System (SATTS), Buckwalter and ASMO 449. These are presented below: 目前使用的音譯方案包括:標準阿拉伯技術音譯系統(SATTS)、布克沃特和 ASMO 449。以下是這些方案:
Unicode
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
SATTS
Buckwalter 布克沃特
ASMO 449 阿斯莫 449
0621
¢ 分
hamza 哈姆扎
E
^('){ }^{\prime}
A
0622
I
alef with madda above 上方加瑪德字母的阿勒夫
(missing) (缺失)
1
B
0623
i
alef with hamza above 上方加哈姆宰字母的阿勒夫
(missing) (缺失)
>
C
0624
وُ ㄨ
waw with hamza above 帶上標揚抑符的ㄨ
(missing) (缺失)
&
D
0625
!
alef with hamza below 帶下標揚抑符的阿拉伯字母阿利夫
(missing) (缺少)
<
E
0626
ئ
yeh with hamza above 帶上標哈姆扎的 yeh
(missing) (缺少)
}
F
0627
1
alef 阿雷夫
A
A
G
0628
ب
beh 貝
B
b
H
0629
б
teh marbuta 末端閉合塔
?
p
I
062A
ت 塔
teh 塔
T
t
J
062B
*
theh 塔
C
v
K
062C
ج
jeem
J
j
L
062D
て
hah
H
H
M
062E
خ ×
khah 更
O
x
N
062F
د
dal 達勒
D
d
O
0630
ذ
thal
Z
*
P
0631
J
reh
R
r
Q
0632
j
zain 茲因
;
z
R
0633
س
seen 信
S
S
S
0634
ش
sheen 光澤
:
$
T
0635
ص
sad 悲傷
X
S
U
0636
ض
dad 爸爸
V
D
V
0637
b
tah 塔
U
T
W
0638
b
zah 紮
Y
Z
X
0639
epsi\varepsilon
ain 艾恩
"
E
Y
063A
દ
ghain
G
g
Z
0640
-
tatwheel
(missing) (缺失)
-
0x60
0641
ف
feh
F
f
A
0642
ق
qaf 卡夫
Q
q
B
0643
ك 卡夫
kaf 卡夫
K
k
C
0644
ل 拉姆
lam 蘭姆
L
I
D
0645
p
meem 米姆
M
m
E
0646
نن ن
noon 努恩
N
n
F
0647
0
heh 哈哈
?
h
G
0648
و 和
waw 娃娃
W
w
H
0649
ى 伊
alef maksura 阿萊夫·麥克蘇拉
(missing) (缺失)
Y
I
064A
ي 伊
yeh 耶
I
y
J
Unicode Arabic letter Name SATTS Buckwalter ASMO 449
0621 ¢ hamza E ^(') A
0622 I alef with madda above (missing) 1 B
0623 i alef with hamza above (missing) > C
0624 وُ waw with hamza above (missing) & D
0625 ! alef with hamza below (missing) < E
0626 ئ yeh with hamza above (missing) } F
0627 1 alef A A G
0628 ب beh B b H
0629 б teh marbuta ? p I
062A ت teh T t J
062B * theh C v K
062C ج jeem J j L
062D て hah H H M
062E خ khah O x N
062F د dal D d O
0630 ذ thal Z * P
0631 J reh R r Q
0632 j zain ; z R
0633 س seen S S S
0634 ش sheen : $ T
0635 ص sad X S U
0636 ض dad V D V
0637 b tah U T W
0638 b zah Y Z X
0639 epsi ain " E Y
063A દ ghain G g Z
0640 - tatwheel (missing) - 0x60
0641 ف feh F f A
0642 ق qaf Q q B
0643 ك kaf K k C
0644 ل lam L I D
0645 p meem M m E
0646 نن noon N n F
0647 0 heh ? h G
0648 و waw W w H
0649 ى alef maksura (missing) Y I
064A ي yeh I y J| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | SATTS | Buckwalter | ASMO 449 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0621 | ¢ | hamza | E | ${ }^{\prime}$ | A |
| 0622 | I | alef with madda above | (missing) | 1 | B |
| 0623 | i | alef with hamza above | (missing) | > | C |
| 0624 | وُ | waw with hamza above | (missing) | & | D |
| 0625 | ! | alef with hamza below | (missing) | < | E |
| 0626 | ئ | yeh with hamza above | (missing) | } | F |
| 0627 | 1 | alef | A | A | G |
| 0628 | ب | beh | B | b | H |
| 0629 | б | teh marbuta | ? | p | I |
| 062A | ت | teh | T | t | J |
| 062B | * | theh | C | v | K |
| 062C | ج | jeem | J | j | L |
| 062D | て | hah | H | H | M |
| 062E | خ | khah | O | x | N |
| 062F | د | dal | D | d | O |
| 0630 | ذ | thal | Z | * | P |
| 0631 | J | reh | R | r | Q |
| 0632 | j | zain | ; | z | R |
| 0633 | س | seen | S | S | S |
| 0634 | ش | sheen | : | $ | T |
| 0635 | ص | sad | X | S | U |
| 0636 | ض | dad | V | D | V |
| 0637 | b | tah | U | T | W |
| 0638 | b | zah | Y | Z | X |
| 0639 | $\varepsilon$ | ain | " | E | Y |
| 063A | દ | ghain | G | g | Z |
| 0640 | - | tatwheel | (missing) | - | 0x60 |
| 0641 | ف | feh | F | f | A |
| 0642 | ق | qaf | Q | q | B |
| 0643 | ك | kaf | K | k | C |
| 0644 | ل | lam | L | I | D |
| 0645 | p | meem | M | m | E |
| 0646 | نن | noon | N | n | F |
| 0647 | 0 | heh | ? | h | G |
| 0648 | و | waw | W | w | H |
| 0649 | ى | alef maksura | (missing) | Y | I |
| 064A | ي | yeh | I | y | J |
Unicode
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
SATTS
Buckwalter 布克瓦特
ASMO 449
064B
ә́
fathatan 附塔旦
(missing) (缺失)
F
K
064C
%
dammatan 阿拉伯語音標符號
(missing) (缺失)
N
L
064D
%
kasratan 阿拉伯語音標符號
(missing) (缺失)
K
M
064E
б
fatha 法塔
(missing) (缺失)
a
N
064F
)
damma 達瑪
(missing) (缺失)
u
O
0650
%
kasra
(missing) (缺失)
i
P
0651
%
shadda
(missing) (缺失)
~
Q
0652
)
sukun 補音符號
(missing) (缺失)
0
R
0670
%
superscript alef 上標字母阿勒夫
(missing) (缺失)
`
(missing) (缺失)
Unicode Arabic letter Name SATTS Buckwalter ASMO 449
064B ә́ fathatan (missing) F K
064C % dammatan (missing) N L
064D % kasratan (missing) K M
064E б fatha (missing) a N
064F ) damma (missing) u O
0650 % kasra (missing) i P
0651 % shadda (missing) ~ Q
0652 ) sukun (missing) 0 R
0670 % superscript alef (missing) ` (missing)| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | SATTS | Buckwalter | ASMO 449 |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 064B | ә́ | fathatan | (missing) | F | K |
| 064C | % | dammatan | (missing) | N | L |
| 064D | % | kasratan | (missing) | K | M |
| 064E | б | fatha | (missing) | a | N |
| 064F | ) | damma | (missing) | u | O |
| 0650 | % | kasra | (missing) | i | P |
| 0651 | % | shadda | (missing) | ~ | Q |
| 0652 | ) | sukun | (missing) | 0 | R |
| 0670 | % | superscript alef | (missing) | ` | (missing) |
As can be seen from inspection of the tables, these schemes use Latin characters outside of the range A-ZA-Z, so are fundamentally unsuitable for use in the MRZ. 從檢查表格可以看出,這些方案使用了超出 A-ZA-Z 範圍的拉丁字元,因此在機讀區(MRZ)中基本上不適用。
The ASMO 449 scheme has an arbitrary allocation of Latin characters, whereas Buckwalter approximates some of the phonetic equivalents. ASMO 449 方案對拉丁字元有任意分配,而白克沃特(Buckwalter)則近似對應其語音等值。
SATTS does not distinguish between heh (॰) and teh marbuta ("), or between final yeh (ي) and alif maksura (ى), and it cannot transliterate an alif madda ( l ). SATTS 無法區分 heh (॰) 和 teh marbuta ("),或是最終的 yeh (ي) 和 alif maksura (ى),且無法音譯 alif madda ( l )。
B.5.3 Other considerations B.5.3 其他考量
The recommended transliteration scheme cannot be put forward without considering the environment in which the MRTD operates. In particular, the name in the MRZ should be as close as possible in appearance and form as the name derived from other sources. The Passenger Name Record (PNR) used by airlines and forwarded to immigration authorities in Advanced Passenger Information (API) schemes is one example. While the transliteration in the MRZ will almost always not be exactly the same as the transcription in the VIZ (and other phonetic derivatives such as the PNR), the scheme recommended here attempts to make the names in the two zones recognizably similar. 若不考慮機讀旅行證件(MRTD)運作的環境,就無法推薦出音譯方案。特別是在機讀區(MRZ)中的姓名應盡可能在外觀和形式上接近從其他來源取得的姓名。例如航空公司使用的乘客姓名記錄(PNR),並轉送給高級旅客資訊(API)系統中的入境當局。雖然機讀區的音譯幾乎不會與可視區(VIZ)的轉寫完全相同(以及其他如 PNR 的語音衍生物),但此處建議的方案試圖使兩個區域的姓名具有可辨識的相似性。
For this purpose the character ’ XX ’ is used as an “escape” character in the same sense as in the Transliteration of Multinational Latin-based Characters table, except only one ’ XX ’ is used, and it is used before the character it modifies rather than after (e.g. “XTH” versus “NXX”). One or two characters follow each ‘X’ to represent one Arabic letter. This use of ’ XX ’ is possible as ’ XX ’ does not exist in the existing transcription and transliteration schemes for Arabic. 為此,字元 ' XX ' 以與「多國拉丁字母音譯表」中相同的「逃脫」字元意義使用,只是僅使用一個 ' XX ',且在其修飾的字元之前使用(例如「XTH」對比「NXX」)。每個 'X' 後面跟隨一或兩個字元以代表一個阿拉伯字母。此 ' XX ' 的使用是可能的,因為 ' XX ' 在現有的阿拉伯文轉寫和音譯方案中並不存在。
[The difference in the usage of ’ XX ’ in Arabic and Latin-based transliteration is unlikely to cause confusion. For the proper application of reverse transliteration, the original script must be defined, preferably based on the country of issue.] [ ' XX ' 在阿拉伯文和拉丁文音譯中使用的差異不太可能造成混淆。為了正確應用反向音譯,必須定義原始文字,最好基於簽發國家。]
In some transliteration entries, a second ’ XX ’ is used after the initial ’ XX ': for example, alef with madda above II is " XAAX A A ", alef was la hat(l)\hat{l} is “XXA”. This technique is used primarily to avoid introducing other characters which would make the MRZ less readable by humans. 在某些音譯項目中,在初始 ' XX ' 之後會使用第二個 ' XX ':例如,帶上方馬達的阿列夫 II 是 " XAAX A A ",阿列夫是 la hat(l)\hat{l} 是 "XXA"。這種技術主要用於避免引入其他可能降低機讀區(MRZ)可讀性的字元。
The intention is that human operators viewing the raw MRZ data from existing systems will be instructed to ignore any ’ XX ’ characters. The resulting name should resemble that from other sources. The raw MRZ data will also be lacking vowels that would normally be included in the VIZ transcription and in other sources such as the PNR. However if human operators are instructed that the vowels are missing then the MRZ data should be regarded as a fair representation of the transcribed phonetic version. 其意圖是查看現有系統原始 MRZ 資料的人工操作員將被指示忽略任何 ' XX ' 字元。產生的名稱應類似於其他來源的名稱。原始 MRZ 資料也將缺少在可視資訊區(VIZ)轉錄和其他來源(如乘客姓名紀錄)中通常會包含的母音。然而,若人工操作員被告知母音缺失,則 MRZ 資料應被視為轉錄音標版本的合理呈現。
The transliteration will also not encompass the assimilation (sandhi) of the article before “sun letters” as this is essentially a phonetic feature, and hence the spelling may not match the phonetic transcription of the VIZ (for example, “AL-RAZI” may be “AR-RAZI” in the VIZ). 音譯也不會包含在「日光字母」前的同化(聲調變化),因為這基本上是一種語音特徵,因此拼寫可能與 VIZ 的語音轉寫不符(例如,「AL-RAZI」可能在 VIZ 中為「AR-RAZI」)。
The “shadda” (symbol to denote doubling of letters) results in the denoted character being repeated in the MRZ (doubled). Search algorithms should take into account that the “shadda” may not always be present. 「陰影」(表示字母重複的符號)會導致 MRZ 中被標示的字元重複(加倍)。搜尋演算法應考慮到「陰影」可能並非總是存在。
B.5.4 Recommended transliteration scheme for Standard Arabic B.5.4 標準阿拉伯文的建議音譯方案
Using the Buckwalter transliteration table as a base, and taking into account the common phonetic equivalents listed in the transcription schemes (paragraph B.3.2), a recommended transliteration scheme that uses only the Latin characters A-ZA-Z can be formulated. As there is a precedent of using ’ XX ’ for variations (paragraph B.5.3), the character ’ XX ’ is used as an “escape” character to denote that the one or two characters that follow the ’ XX ’ represent a single Arabic letter. 以 Buckwalter 音譯表為基礎,並考慮轉寫方案中列出的常見語音對應(B.3.2 段落),可以製定一個僅使用拉丁字元 A-ZA-Z 的建議音譯方案。由於已有使用「 XX 」進行變化的先例(B.5.3 段落),字元「 XX 」被用作「逸出」字元,表示緊隨其後的一或兩個字元代表單一阿拉伯文字母。
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
MRZ
Comments 備註
0621
¢
hamza
XE
0622
I
alef with madda above 帶有馬達符號的阿里夫
XAA
B.5.5.1
0623
i
alef with hamza above 帶有 hamza 的阿里夫
XAE
B.5.5.2
0624
ؤ
waw with hamza above 帶上方揚抑符的واو字母
U
B.5.5.3
0625
!
alef with hamza below 帶下方揚抑符的阿拉伯字母
I
B.5.5.4
0626
ئ
yeh with hamza above 耶字母(帶揚抑符)
XI
B.5.5.5
0627
1
alef 阿勒夫字母
A
0628
ب 巴伊字母
beh 貝字母
B
0629
ة
teh marbuta 語末閉合的「تـ」字母
XTA/XAH
B.5.5.6
062A
ت
teh 咩
T
062B
ث
theh 咩
XTH
062C
ج
jeem 珍姆
J
062D
tau\tau
hah 哈哈
XH
B.5.5.7
062E
خ
khah 卡哈
XKH
062F
د 得
dal 達爾
D
0630
j
thal 丘腦
XDH
0631
J
reh 康復治療師
R
0632
j
zain 在
Z
0633
س ㄙ
seen 西恩
S
0634
ش ㄕ
sheen 希恩
XSH
0635
ص
sad 悲傷
XSS
0636
ض
dad 爸爸
XDZ
0637
ط
tah
XTT
0638
b
zah
XZZ
0639
epsi\varepsilon
ain
E
063A
epsi^(˙)\dot{\varepsilon}
ghain
G
0640
-
tatwheel
(note 1) (附註 1)
B.5.5.8
0641
ف
feh
F
0642
ق
qaf 阿拉伯字母「卡夫」
Q
0643
ك
kaf 阿拉伯字母「凱夫」
K
0644
J
lam 蘭姆
L
0645
p
meem 米姆
M
0646
ن 努恩
noon 努恩
N
0647
0
heh 哈哈
H
B.5.5.7
0648
و 和
waw 娃娃
W
0649
ى 伊
alef maksura 阿利夫·麥克蘇拉
XAY
B.5.5.9
064A
ي
yeh 葉子字母
Y
Unicode Arabic letter Name MRZ Comments
0621 ¢ hamza XE
0622 I alef with madda above XAA B.5.5.1
0623 i alef with hamza above XAE B.5.5.2
0624 ؤ waw with hamza above U B.5.5.3
0625 ! alef with hamza below I B.5.5.4
0626 ئ yeh with hamza above XI B.5.5.5
0627 1 alef A
0628 ب beh B
0629 ة teh marbuta XTA/XAH B.5.5.6
062A ت teh T
062B ث theh XTH
062C ج jeem J
062D tau hah XH B.5.5.7
062E خ khah XKH
062F د dal D
0630 j thal XDH
0631 J reh R
0632 j zain Z
0633 س seen S
0634 ش sheen XSH
0635 ص sad XSS
0636 ض dad XDZ
0637 ط tah XTT
0638 b zah XZZ
0639 epsi ain E
063A epsi^(˙) ghain G
0640 - tatwheel (note 1) B.5.5.8
0641 ف feh F
0642 ق qaf Q
0643 ك kaf K
0644 J lam L
0645 p meem M
0646 ن noon N
0647 0 heh H B.5.5.7
0648 و waw W
0649 ى alef maksura XAY B.5.5.9
064A ي yeh Y | Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | MRZ | Comments |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0621 | ¢ | hamza | XE | |
| 0622 | I | alef with madda above | XAA | B.5.5.1 |
| 0623 | i | alef with hamza above | XAE | B.5.5.2 |
| 0624 | ؤ | waw with hamza above | U | B.5.5.3 |
| 0625 | ! | alef with hamza below | I | B.5.5.4 |
| 0626 | ئ | yeh with hamza above | XI | B.5.5.5 |
| 0627 | 1 | alef | A | |
| 0628 | ب | beh | B | |
| 0629 | ة | teh marbuta | XTA/XAH | B.5.5.6 |
| 062A | ت | teh | T | |
| 062B | ث | theh | XTH | |
| 062C | ج | jeem | J | |
| 062D | $\tau$ | hah | XH | B.5.5.7 |
| 062E | خ | khah | XKH | |
| 062F | د | dal | D | |
| 0630 | j | thal | XDH | |
| 0631 | J | reh | R | |
| 0632 | j | zain | Z | |
| 0633 | س | seen | S | |
| 0634 | ش | sheen | XSH | |
| 0635 | ص | sad | XSS | |
| 0636 | ض | dad | XDZ | |
| 0637 | ط | tah | XTT | |
| 0638 | b | zah | XZZ | |
| 0639 | $\varepsilon$ | ain | E | |
| 063A | $\dot{\varepsilon}$ | ghain | G | |
| 0640 | - | tatwheel | (note 1) | B.5.5.8 |
| 0641 | ف | feh | F | |
| 0642 | ق | qaf | Q | |
| 0643 | ك | kaf | K | |
| 0644 | J | lam | L | |
| 0645 | p | meem | M | |
| 0646 | ن | noon | N | |
| 0647 | 0 | heh | H | B.5.5.7 |
| 0648 | و | waw | W | |
| 0649 | ى | alef maksura | XAY | B.5.5.9 |
| 064A | ي | yeh | Y | |
06 A 4 harr^(harr) Veh V
06 A 5 %^(harr) feh with 3 dots below XF | 06 A 4 | $\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{\leftrightarrow}$ | Veh | V | |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :---: | :--- |
| 06 A 5 | $\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{\%}$ | feh with 3 dots below | XF | |
Note 1.- Not encoded. 附註 1.- 未編碼。
B.5.5 Comments on Transliteration Table B.5.5 關於音譯表的評論
B.5.5.1 Alef with madda above B.5.5.1 上方有瑪達記號的阿勒夫字母
Alef with madda above ( bar(I)\overline{\mathrm{I}} ) is not represented in the ALA-LC Romanisation Tables [1]. However, both Interpol [5] and Dr Hoogland [6] recommend the transliteration XAA. 上方有瑪達記號的阿勒夫字母( bar(I)\overline{\mathrm{I}} )未在 ALA-LC 羅馬化表格[1]中表示。然而,國際刑警組織[5]和霍格蘭博士[6]建議音譯為 XAA。
B.5.5.2 Alef with hamza above B.5.5.2 帶上方符號的阿勒夫字母
Alef with hamza above ( f ) is not represented in the ALA-LC Romanisation Tables [1]. However, Interpol [5] recommends the transliteration XAE. 帶上方符號的阿勒夫字母(f)未在美國圖書館協會-國會圖書館羅馬化表格[1]中表示。不過,國際刑警組織[5]建議使用轉寫 XAE。
B.5.5.3 Waw with hamza above B.5.5.3 帶上方符號的瓦夫字母
Waw with hamza above ( g ) is not represented in the ALA-LC Romanisation Tables [1]. U is used here as waw with hamza above is commonly transcribed by “U”. 帶上方符號的瓦夫字母(g)未在美國圖書館協會-國會圖書館羅馬化表格[1]中表示。此處使用 U,因為帶上方符號的瓦夫字母通常轉寫為「U」。
B.5.5.4 Alef with hamza below B.5.5.4 帶下方咽音符的阿拉伯字母 Alef
Alef with hamza below ( ! ) is not represented in the ALA-LC Romanisation Tables [1]. The transliteration used here is I as that Latin letter is otherwise unused, and alef with hamza below often commences names such as إبراهيم (Ibrahim) where the alef with hamza below is commonly transcribed by “I”. 帶下方咽音符的阿拉伯字母(!)未在 ALA-LC 音譯表[1]中表示。此處使用的音譯是 I,因為該拉丁字母未被使用,且帶下方咽音符的阿拉伯字母常出現在名字的開頭,如إبراهيم(Ibrahim),其中帶下方咽音符的阿拉伯字母通常以「I」轉寫。
B.5.5.5 Yeh with hamza above B.5.5.5 帶上方咽音符的葉字母 Yeh
Yeh with hamza above ( is ) is not represented in the ALA-LC Romanisation Tables [1]. The transliteration used here is XI as yeh with hamza above is used in names such as فائز (Faiz) where the yeh with hamza above is commonly transcribed by “I”. 帶上方咽音符的葉字母(is)未在 ALA-LC 音譯表[1]中表示。此處使用的音譯是 XI,因為帶上方咽音符的葉字母常用於名字,如فائز(Faiz),其中帶上方咽音符的葉字母通常以「I」轉寫。
B.5.5.6 Teh marbuta B.5.5.6 末端塔字母
Teh marbuta ( b^(**)\stackrel{*}{\mathrm{~b}} ) is represented in the ALA-LC Romanisation Tables [1] as H or T or TAN, depending upon the context. Dr Hoogland [6] recommends XTA. The transliteration here of teh marbuta has two alternatives: XTA is used generally except if teh marbuta occurs at the end of the name component, in which case XAH is used. This is because feminine names often use teh marbuta to modify a masculine name, e.g. فاطمة (Fatimah). Search algorithms should take these two possibilities into account. 末端塔字母( b^(**)\stackrel{*}{\mathrm{~b}} )在 ALA-LC 羅馬化表格[1]中根據上下文被表示為 H、T 或 TAN。Hoogland 博士[6]建議使用 XTA。此處末端塔字母的音譯有兩種選擇:通常使用 XTA,但如果末端塔字母出現在名字元件的結尾,則使用 XAH。這是因為女性名字常常使用末端塔字母來修改男性名字,例如فاطمة(Fatimah)。搜尋演算法應考慮這兩種可能性。
B.5.5.7 Hah and heh B.5.5.7 哈字母和赫字母
The transliterations for hah ( tau\tau ) and heh (•) have been swapped at the advice of Interpol [5]. Hah is now XH and heh is H . 根據國際刑警組織[5]的建議,哈字母( tau\tau )和赫字母(•)的音譯已被交換。現在哈字母是 XH,赫字母是 H。
B.5.5.8 Tatwheel B.5.5.8 塔特威爾
Tatwheel ( - ) is a graphic character and not transliterated. 塔特威爾( - )是一個圖形字元,不需轉寫。
B.5.5.9 Alef maksura B.5.5.9 末行阿里夫
Alef maksura (ى ) is now transliterated as XAY at the recommendation of Dr Hoogland [6]. Other characters are transliterated as XY_(-)\mathrm{XY}_{-}, thus the former XY is incompatible. 末行阿里夫(ى)現依照霍格蘭博士[6]的建議,轉寫為 XAY。其他字元轉寫為 XY_(-)\mathrm{XY}_{-} ,因此先前的 XY 已不相容。
B.5.5.10 Short vowels fatha, damma, kasra, fathatan, dammatan and kasratan B.5.5.10 短母音 fatha、damma、kasra、fathatan、dammatan 及 kasratan
The optional short vowels (haracat) are not generally used in names and are not transliterated. 選用的短母音(haracat)通常不用於名稱,且不會進行音譯。
B.5.5.11 Shadda
Shadda ( ) denotes a doubling of the consonant below it, so this is transliterated by doubling the appropriate character. Search algorithms should note that shaddah is optional and sometimes a doubling of the character will be present and sometimes not. Shadda( )表示其下方的輔音重複出現,因此應透過重複相應的字元進行音譯。搜尋演算法應注意 shaddah 是可選的,有時會出現字元重複,有時則不會。
Note the special case of الัत (Allah). 注意 الัت(安拉)的特殊情況。
B.5.5.12 Sukun B.5.5.12 蘇庫能符號
Sukun (%) denotes the absence of a vowel, is optional, and is not transliterated. 蘇庫能符號(%)表示沒有元音,是可選的,且不需要音譯。
B.5.5.13 Superscript alef B.5.5.13 上標阿拉伯字母 alef
Superscript alef ( ) (“vowel-dagger-alef”) is not transliterated. 上標字母 alef ( ) (「母音-匕首-alef」) 不進行音譯。
B.5.5.14 Alef wasla B.5.5.14 阿拉伯字母 wasla
Alef wasla ( 1 ) is now transliterated as XXA at the recommendation of Interpol [5]. Other characters are transliterated XA_, thus the former XA is incompatible. Dr Hoogland [6] also recommends XXA. 阿拉伯字母 wasla ( 1 ) 現在依據國際刑警組織 [5] 的建議,音譯為 XXA。其他字元音譯為 XA_,因此先前的 XA 不相容。Hoogland 博士 [6] 也建議使用 XXA。
B.5.6 Recommended transliteration scheme for other languages B.5.6 其他語言推薦的音譯方案
Persian is spoken in Iran(Farsi),Afghanistan(Dari),Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. 波斯語在伊朗(波斯語)、阿富汗(達利語)、塔吉克斯坦和烏茲別克斯坦被使用。
Pashto is spoken in Afghanistan and western Pakistan. 普什圖語在阿富汗和巴基斯坦西部地區被使用。
Urdu is spoken in Pakistan and India. 烏爾都語在巴基斯坦和印度被使用
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Language 語言
Name 名稱
MRZ
0679
Urdu 烏爾都語
Tteh 台灣話
XXT
067E
*
Persian,Urdu 波斯語、烏爾都語
Peh 台語
P
067C
ت
Pashto 普什圖語
teh with ring 環形茶
XRT
0681
そ 那個
Pashto 巴什圖語
hah with hamza above 帶上標變音符的哈伊語字母
XKE
0685
そ 日文假名「そ」
Pashto 普什圖語
hah with 3 dots above 帶有 3 個點的哈哈字母
XXH
0686
を
Persian,Urdu 波斯語、烏爾都語
Tcheh 捷克語
XC
0688
3
Urdu 烏爾都語
Ddal 達爾語
XXD
0689
ม
Pashto 普什圖語
dal with ring 帶環的 dal
XDR
0691
j
Urdu 烏爾都語
Rreh 雷赫
XXR
0693
8
Pashto 帕斯托語
reh with ring 附帶環形的荷蘭奶油乳酪
XRR
0696
!
Pashto 巴什圖語
reh with dot below and dot above 具有下點和上點的 reh 字母
XRX
0698
j
Persian,Urdu 波斯語、烏爾都語
Jeh 耶字母
XJ
069A
بن 本
Pashto 普什圖語
seen with dot below and dot above 帶下點和上點的字母
XXS
06A9
كى 作為
Persian,Urdu 波斯語、烏爾都語
keheh 阿拉伯字母「keheh」
XKK
06AB
✓\checkmark
Pashto 普什圖語
kaf with ring 帶圈的阿拉伯字母「kaf」
XXK
06AD
*
Ng 無
XNG
06AF
گ
Persian,Urdu 波斯語、烏爾都語
gaf 蓋夫字母
XGG
06BA
U
Urdu 烏爾都語
noon ghunna 鼻音努恩
XNN
06BC
نن 念
Pashto 巴什杜語
noon with ring 正午帶圈符號
XXN
06BE
\$ $
Urdu 烏爾都語
heh doachashmee 這是一段難以辨識的文字
XD0
06C0
o
Urdu 烏爾都語
heh with yeh above 這是位於上方的文字
XYH
06C1
^(@){ }^{\circ}
Urdu 烏爾都語
heh goal 這是目標
XXG
06C2
o
Urdu 烏爾都語
heh goal with hamza above 帶有上方赫姆加音的赫
XGE
06C3
ة
Urdu 烏爾都語
teh marbuta goal 閉合的泰文字母
XTG
06CC
ىىى
Persian,Urdu 波斯語、烏爾都語
farsi yeh 波斯文的伊字母
XYA ^(5){ }^{5}
06CD
ى
Pashto 巴什土語
yeh with tail 尾部有 yeh 的字母
XXY
06D0
ي
Pashto 帕斯托語
Yeh 葉
Y^(6)\mathrm{Y}^{6}
06D2
c
Urdu 烏爾都語
Yeh barree 耶巴里
XYB
06D3
\& &
Urdu 烏爾都語
yeh barree with hamza above 耶哈茲上標
XBE
Unicode Arabic letter Language Name MRZ
0679 Urdu Tteh XXT
067E * Persian,Urdu Peh P
067C ت Pashto teh with ring XRT
0681 そ Pashto hah with hamza above XKE
0685 そ Pashto hah with 3 dots above XXH
0686 を Persian,Urdu Tcheh XC
0688 3 Urdu Ddal XXD
0689 ม Pashto dal with ring XDR
0691 j Urdu Rreh XXR
0693 8 Pashto reh with ring XRR
0696 ! Pashto reh with dot below and dot above XRX
0698 j Persian,Urdu Jeh XJ
069A بن Pashto seen with dot below and dot above XXS
06A9 كى Persian,Urdu keheh XKK
06AB ✓ Pashto kaf with ring XXK
06AD * Ng XNG
06AF گ Persian,Urdu gaf XGG
06BA U Urdu noon ghunna XNN
06BC نن Pashto noon with ring XXN
06BE \$ Urdu heh doachashmee XD0
06C0 o Urdu heh with yeh above XYH
06C1 ^(@) Urdu heh goal XXG
06C2 o Urdu heh goal with hamza above XGE
06C3 ة Urdu teh marbuta goal XTG
06CC ى Persian,Urdu farsi yeh XYA ^(5)
06CD ى Pashto yeh with tail XXY
06D0 ي Pashto Yeh Y^(6)
06D2 c Urdu Yeh barree XYB
06D3 \& Urdu yeh barree with hamza above XBE| Unicode | Arabic letter | Language | Name | MRZ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 0679 | | Urdu | Tteh | XXT |
| 067E | * | Persian,Urdu | Peh | P |
| 067C | ت | Pashto | teh with ring | XRT |
| 0681 | そ | Pashto | hah with hamza above | XKE |
| 0685 | そ | Pashto | hah with 3 dots above | XXH |
| 0686 | を | Persian,Urdu | Tcheh | XC |
| 0688 | 3 | Urdu | Ddal | XXD |
| 0689 | ม | Pashto | dal with ring | XDR |
| 0691 | j | Urdu | Rreh | XXR |
| 0693 | 8 | Pashto | reh with ring | XRR |
| 0696 | ! | Pashto | reh with dot below and dot above | XRX |
| 0698 | j | Persian,Urdu | Jeh | XJ |
| 069A | بن | Pashto | seen with dot below and dot above | XXS |
| 06A9 | كى | Persian,Urdu | keheh | XKK |
| 06AB | $\checkmark$ | Pashto | kaf with ring | XXK |
| 06AD | * | | Ng | XNG |
| 06AF | گ | Persian,Urdu | gaf | XGG |
| 06BA | U | Urdu | noon ghunna | XNN |
| 06BC | نن | Pashto | noon with ring | XXN |
| 06BE | \$ | Urdu | heh doachashmee | XD0 |
| 06C0 | o | Urdu | heh with yeh above | XYH |
| 06C1 | ${ }^{\circ}$ | Urdu | heh goal | XXG |
| 06C2 | o | Urdu | heh goal with hamza above | XGE |
| 06C3 | ة | Urdu | teh marbuta goal | XTG |
| 06CC | $ى$ | Persian,Urdu | farsi yeh | XYA ${ }^{5}$ |
| 06CD | ى | Pashto | yeh with tail | XXY |
| 06D0 | ي | Pashto | Yeh | $\mathrm{Y}^{6}$ |
| 06D2 | c | Urdu | Yeh barree | XYB |
| 06D3 | \& | Urdu | yeh barree with hamza above | XBE |
B.5.7 Example of transliteration for Standard Arabic B.5.7 標準阿拉伯語音譯範例
i.e. ABW < BKR < MXHMD < BN < ZKRYA < ALRAZYA B W<B K R<M X H M D<B N<Z K R Y A<A L R A Z Y 也就是說 ABW < BKR < MXHMD < BN < ZKRYA < ALRAZYA B W<B K R<M X H M D<B N<Z K R Y A<A L R A Z Y
The advantages of this transliteration are: 這種音譯的優點是:
The name in the Arabic script is always transliterated to the same Latin representation. This means that database matches are more likely to result; 阿拉伯文字的名稱總是會被音譯成相同的拉丁字母表示。這意味著資料庫比對更有可能產生結果;
The process is reversible - the name in the Arabic script can be recovered. 此過程是可逆的 - 可以還原阿拉伯文字的名稱。
To recover the name in the Arabic script: 要在阿拉伯文字中復原名稱:
The rationale for omitting the harakat and other diacritical marks is that they are optional and mostly not used. Therefore they should be treated the same way as the diacritical marks on European national characters (e.g. é, è, ç ) which are used for pronunciation purposes. 省略哈拉卡特(harakat)和其他音標記號的理由是,它們是可選的,且大多數情況下不會使用。因此,它們應該被視為與歐洲語言文字上的音調符號(例如é、è、ç)相同,這些符號主要用於發音目的。
As well, the optional inclusion of the harakat would be detrimental for accurate database matches. 此外,包含短元音符號將對準確的資料庫比對造成不利影響。
B.5.8 Recommended transliteration scheme for Moroccan, Tunisian and Maghrib Arabic B.5.8 摩洛哥、突尼西亞和馬格里布阿拉伯語的建議音譯方案
Moroccan, Tunisian and Maghrib Arabic add four letters to the standard Arabic script: 摩洛哥、突尼西亞和馬格里布阿拉伯語增加了四個字母到標準阿拉伯文字:
Unicode 統一碼
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Name 名稱
MRZ
069C
شُ
seen with 3 dots below and 3 dots above (Moroccan) 以三個點位於上方與下方的字母(摩洛哥文)
(note 1) (附註 1)
06A2
بـ
feh with dot moved below (Maghrib) 將點移至下方的「feh」字母(西阿拉伯地區)
(note 1) (附註 1)
06A7
ف
qaf with dot above (Maghrib) 上點的 qaf (maghrib)
(note 1) (附註 1)
06A8
ڤ
qaf with 3 dots above (Tunisian) 帶三個點的卡夫字母(突尼西亞)
(note 1) (註 1)
Unicode Arabic letter Name MRZ
069C شُ seen with 3 dots below and 3 dots above (Moroccan) (note 1)
06A2 بـ feh with dot moved below (Maghrib) (note 1)
06A7 ف qaf with dot above (Maghrib) (note 1)
06A8 ڤ qaf with 3 dots above (Tunisian) (note 1)| Unicode | Arabic letter | Name | MRZ |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| 069C | شُ | seen with 3 dots below and 3 dots above (Moroccan) | (note 1) |
| 06A2 | بـ | feh with dot moved below (Maghrib) | (note 1) |
| 06A7 | ف | qaf with dot above (Maghrib) | (note 1) |
| 06A8 | ڤ | qaf with 3 dots above (Tunisian) | (note 1) |
Note 1. - These characters are obsolete and not transliterated (at the recommendation of Dr Hoogland [6]). 註 1. - 這些字元已不再使用,且不進行音譯(根據 Hoogland 博士的建議[6])。
B.5.9 Further examples B.5.9 其他範例
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
هاري الشماع 哈里·沙瑪
VIZ: VIZ:
Hari Al-Schamma 哈里·艾爾-沙瑪
MRZ:
HARY<ALXSHMAE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
سمير بادمكدوذيل 薩米爾·巴德姆卡杜伊勒
VIZ:
Samir Badmakduthal 薩米爾·巴德馬克杜塔爾
MRZ:
SMYR<BADMKDWXDHYL<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
جمال عبد الناصر 賈邁勒·阿卜杜·納瑟
VIZ: VIZ:
Gamal Abdel Nasser 賈邁勒·阿卜杜·納瑟
MRZ:
JMAL<EBD<ALNAXSSR<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
العباس عبد الله بن محمد اللمفاح 阿巴斯·阿卜杜拉·本·穆罕默德·拉姆法赫
VIZ: 維茲:
al-'Abbās 'Abdu'llāh ibn Muhammad as-Saffāh 阿勒·阿巴斯·阿布杜拉·伊本·穆罕默德·薩法赫
MRZ: 機器可讀區:
ALEBAS<EBD<ALLXH<BN<MXHMD<ALSFAXH<<<<<<
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
عبدالله محمد بن عمر بن الحسين فخر الاين الرازي 阿布杜拉·穆罕默德·本·奧瑪爾·本·胡賽因,法赫爾丁·拉齊
VIZ: 羅馬拼音:
Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 阿布杜拉·穆罕默德·本·烏瑪爾·本·胡賽因,法赫爾丁·拉齊
MRZ ^(7){ }^{7} : 機讀區域代碼 ^(7){ }^{7} :
EBD<ALLXH<MXHMD<BN<EMR<BN<ALXHSYN<FXKHR
Arabic: 阿拉伯語:
عبدالعزيز بن متعب 阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲·本·穆特阿布
VIZ:
Abdul Aziz bin Mithab 阿布杜爾·阿齊茲·本·米塔布
MRZ:
EBD<ALEZYZ<BN<MTEB<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
إسماعيل عز الدين 伊斯瑪爾·艾茲丁
VIZ: VIZ:
Isma'il Izz-ud-din 伊斯瑪伊爾·伊茲丁
MRZ: 機讀區:
ISMAEYL<EZZ<ALDYN<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: 阿拉伯文:
جميلة نعيمة 佳蜜拉‧娜伊瑪
VIZ: VIZ:
Jamillah Na'ima 佳蜜拉‧娜伊瑪
MRZ: MRZ:
JMYLXAH<NEYMXAH<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: هاري الشماع
VIZ: Hari Al-Schamma
MRZ: HARY<ALXSHMAE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: سمير بادمكدوذيل
VIZ: Samir Badmakduthal
MRZ: SMYR<BADMKDWXDHYL<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر
VIZ: Gamal Abdel Nasser
MRZ: JMAL<EBD<ALNAXSSR<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: العباس عبد الله بن محمد اللمفاح
VIZ: al-'Abbās 'Abdu'llāh ibn Muhammad as-Saffāh
MRZ: ALEBAS<EBD<ALLXH<BN<MXHMD<ALSFAXH<<<<<<
Arabic: عبدالله محمد بن عمر بن الحسين فخر الاين الرازي
VIZ: Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
MRZ ^(7) : EBD<ALLXH<MXHMD<BN<EMR<BN<ALXHSYN<FXKHR
Arabic: عبدالعزيز بن متعب
VIZ: Abdul Aziz bin Mithab
MRZ: EBD<ALEZYZ<BN<MTEB<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: إسماعيل عز الدين
VIZ: Isma'il Izz-ud-din
MRZ: ISMAEYL<EZZ<ALDYN<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Arabic: جميلة نعيمة
VIZ: Jamillah Na'ima
MRZ: JMYLXAH<NEYMXAH<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<| Arabic: | هاري الشماع |
| :--- | :--- |
| VIZ: | Hari Al-Schamma |
| MRZ: | HARY<ALXSHMAE<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< |
| Arabic: | سمير بادمكدوذيل |
| VIZ: | Samir Badmakduthal |
| MRZ: | SMYR<BADMKDWXDHYL<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< |
| Arabic: | جمال عبد الناصر |
| VIZ: | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| MRZ: | JMAL<EBD<ALNAXSSR<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< |
| Arabic: | العباس عبد الله بن محمد اللمفاح |
| VIZ: | al-'Abbās 'Abdu'llāh ibn Muhammad as-Saffāh |
| MRZ: | ALEBAS<EBD<ALLXH<BN<MXHMD<ALSFAXH<<<<<< |
| Arabic: | عبدالله محمد بن عمر بن الحسين فخر الاين الرازي |
| VIZ: | Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn Fakhr al-Din al-Razi |
| MRZ ${ }^{7}$ : | EBD<ALLXH<MXHMD<BN<EMR<BN<ALXHSYN<FXKHR |
| Arabic: | عبدالعزيز بن متعب |
| VIZ: | Abdul Aziz bin Mithab |
| MRZ: | EBD<ALEZYZ<BN<MTEB<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< |
| Arabic: | إسماعيل عز الدين |
| VIZ: | Isma'il Izz-ud-din |
| MRZ: | ISMAEYL<EZZ<ALDYN<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< |
| Arabic: | جميلة نعيمة |
| VIZ: | Jamillah Na'ima |
| MRZ: | JMYLXAH<NEYMXAH<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< |
B.5.10 Order of names in the MRZ B.5.10 機讀區中姓名的順序
Doc 9303-3, paragraphs 4.6 and Parts 4-7, specify how primary and secondary identifiers shall be printed. This Appendix does not attempt to define primary and secondary identifiers in Arabic names. It is for the issuing authority to make that determination. But as an example: 文件 9303-3 的第 4.6 段落以及第 4-7 部分,規定了如何列印主要和次要識別碼。本附錄並未試圖定義阿拉伯名字中的主要和次要識別碼。至於確定這一點,由發證機關自行決定。不過,舉個例子:
the name in Arabic script: ابو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي 阿拉伯文字的名字:阿布‧巴克爾‧穆罕默德‧本‧扎卡里亞‧拉齊
if the component BN < ZKRYA < ALRAZY\mathrm{BN}<\mathrm{ZKRYA}<\mathrm{ALRAZY} is considered the primary identifier, then the MRZ is: 如果元件 BN < ZKRYA < ALRAZY\mathrm{BN}<\mathrm{ZKRYA}<\mathrm{ALRAZY} 被視為主要識別碼,那麼機讀區(MRZ)為:
BN<ZKRYA<ALRAZY<<ABW<BKR<MXHMD<<<<<<<<<
2) if the component ALRAZY is considered the primary identifier, then the MRZ is: 2) 如果元件 ALRAZY 被視為主要識別碼,則機讀區(MRZ)為:
ALRAZY<<ABW<BKR<MXHMD<BN<ZKRYA<<<<<<<<<
B. 6 Reverse Transliteration of the MRZ B. 6 機器可讀區域代碼的反轉音譯
B.6.1 Table for Reverse Transliteration of the MRZ B.6.1 機器可讀區域代碼反轉音譯表
Using the table hereunder, the Latin characters in the MRZ can be mapped back into the original Arabic script. Note that ’ XX ’ is an “escape” character and the following one or two Latin characters must be used to obtain the corresponding Arabic letter. 依照下方表格,可將機器可讀區域代碼中的拉丁字母對應回原始的阿拉伯文字。請注意,「 XX 」是一個「跳脫」字元,且後面的一或兩個拉丁字母必須用於取得對應的阿拉伯字母。
MRZ
Name of Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母名稱
Arabic letter 阿拉伯字母
Unicode 統一碼
A
Alef 阿勒夫
1
0627
B
Beh 貝
ب
0628
D
Dal 達勒
د
062F
E
Ain 艾因
epsi\varepsilon
0639
F
Feh 非
ف
0641
G
Ghain 蓋因
غ
063A
H
Heh 呵
-
0647
I
Alef with hamza below 帶下標的阿拉伯字母 A
!
0625
J
Jeem 吉姆
ج
062C
K
Kaf 卡夫
ك
0643
L
Lam 拉姆
J
0644
M
Meem 米姆
p
0645
N
Noon 正午
نن
0646
P
Peh (Persian, Urdu) 貝(波斯語、烏爾都語)
*
067E
Q
Qaf 卡夫
ق
0642
R
Reh 勒赫
J
0631
S
Seen 西恩
س
0633
T
Teh 特赫
ت
062A
U
Waw with hamza above 帶有哈姆宰符號的瓦烏
ؤ
0624
V
Veh 車輛
ث
06A4
W
Waw
و
0648
Y
Yeh or Yeh (Pashto) 葉或葉(普什圖語)
ي / ي
064A/06D0
Z
Zain 賈因
j
0632
MRZ Name of Arabic letter Arabic letter Unicode
A Alef 1 0627
B Beh ب 0628
D Dal د 062F
E Ain epsi 0639
F Feh ف 0641
G Ghain غ 063A
H Heh - 0647
I Alef with hamza below ! 0625
J Jeem ج 062C
K Kaf ك 0643
L Lam J 0644
M Meem p 0645
N Noon نن 0646
P Peh (Persian, Urdu) * 067E
Q Qaf ق 0642
R Reh J 0631
S Seen س 0633
T Teh ت 062A
U Waw with hamza above ؤ 0624
V Veh ث 06A4
W Waw و 0648
Y Yeh or Yeh (Pashto) ي / ي 064A/06D0
Z Zain j 0632| MRZ | Name of Arabic letter | Arabic letter | Unicode |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| A | Alef | 1 | 0627 |
| B | Beh | ب | 0628 |
| D | Dal | د | 062F |
| E | Ain | $\varepsilon$ | 0639 |
| F | Feh | ف | 0641 |
| G | Ghain | غ | 063A |
| H | Heh | - | 0647 |
| I | Alef with hamza below | ! | 0625 |
| J | Jeem | ج | 062C |
| K | Kaf | ك | 0643 |
| L | Lam | J | 0644 |
| M | Meem | p | 0645 |
| N | Noon | نن | 0646 |
| P | Peh (Persian, Urdu) | * | 067E |
| Q | Qaf | ق | 0642 |
| R | Reh | J | 0631 |
| S | Seen | س | 0633 |
| T | Teh | ت | 062A |
| U | Waw with hamza above | ؤ | 0624 |
| V | Veh | ث | 06A4 |
| W | Waw | و | 0648 |
| Y | Yeh or Yeh (Pashto) | ي / ي | 064A/06D0 |
| Z | Zain | j | 0632 |
Heh goal with hamza above (Urdu) 帶上方 hamza 的哈伊字母(烏爾都語)
s
06C2
XH
Hah 哈
tau\tau
062D
XI
Yeh with hamza above 帶上方 hamza 的耶字母
ئ
0626
XJ
Jeh (Urdu) 哲(烏爾都語)
j
0698
XKE
Hah with hamza above (Pashto) 帶上標符號的哈(普什圖語)
خ
0681
XKH
Khah 卡
亡
062E
XKK
Keheh (Persian, Urdu) 可赫字母(波斯語、烏爾都語)
ك
06A9
XNN
Noon ghunna (Urdu) 正午光芒(烏爾都語)
U
06BA
XNG
Ng 吳
*
06AD
XRR
Reh with ring (Pashto) 帶圓圈的 Reh(普什圖語)
d
0693
XRT
Teh with ring 帶圓圈的 Teh
ت
067C
XRX
Reh with dot below and dot above (Pashto) 帶下方點和上方點的 Reh(普什圖語)
.
0696
XSH
Sheen Sheen 字母
ش
0634
XSS
Sad 哀傷
ص
0635
XTA
Teh marbuta (see also XAH) 閉合的"تـ"字母(另請參見 XAH)
ة
0629
XTG
Teh marbuta goal (Urdu) 閉合的"تـ"字母目標(烏爾都語)
б
06C3
XTH
Theh 他
ث
062B
XTT
Tah 塔(音譯)
b
0637
XXA
Alef wasla 阿勒夫瓦斯拉
i
0671
XXD
Ddal (Urdu) 達爾字母(烏爾都語)
(1)/(3)\frac{1}{3}
0688
XXG
Heh goal (Urdu) 赫字母(烏爾都語)
0
06C1
XXH
Hah with 3 dots above (Pashto) 三點上方的哈字母(普什圖語)
c^(˙)\dot{c}
0685
XXK
Kaf with ring (Pashto) 帶圓環的卡夫字母(普什圖語)
✓\checkmark
06AB
XXN
Noon with ring (Pashto) 午間懸掛(普什圖語)
نو
06BC
XXR
Rreh (Urdu) Rreh(烏爾都語)
j
0691
XXS
Seen with dot below and dot above (Pashto) 帶下點和上點的字母 S(普什圖語)
بن 本
069A
XXT
Tteh (Urdu) 特特赫(烏爾都語)
*
0679
XXY
Yeh with tail (Pashto) 有尾巴的耶(普什圖語)
v
06CD
XYA
Farsi yeh (Persian, Urdu) 波斯文字母 ى (波斯語、烏爾都語)
ى
06CC
XYB
Yeh barree (Urdu) 長尾 ى (烏爾都語)
<<
06D2
XYH
Heh with yeh above (Urdu) 赫赫與葉赫(烏爾都語)
delta\delta
06C0
XZZ
Zah 查赫
ظ
0638
MRZ Name of Arabic letter Arabic letter Unicode
XAA Alef with madda above I 0622
XAE Alef with hamza above i 0623
XAH Teh marbuta (see also XTA) ة 0629
XAY Alef maksura ى 0649
XBE Yeh barree with hamza above E 06D3
XC Tcheh (Persian, Urdu) శ 0686
XDH Thal j 0630
XD0 Heh doachashmee Delta 06BE
XDR Dal with ring (Pashto) ม 0689
XDZ Dad ض 0636
XE Hamza ¢ 0621
XF Feh with 3 dots below & 06A5
XGG Gaf (Persian, Urdu) گ 06AF
XGE Heh goal with hamza above (Urdu) s 06C2
XH Hah tau 062D
XI Yeh with hamza above ئ 0626
XJ Jeh (Urdu) j 0698
XKE Hah with hamza above (Pashto) خ 0681
XKH Khah 亡 062E
XKK Keheh (Persian, Urdu) ك 06A9
XNN Noon ghunna (Urdu) U 06BA
XNG Ng * 06AD
XRR Reh with ring (Pashto) d 0693
XRT Teh with ring ت 067C
XRX Reh with dot below and dot above (Pashto) . 0696
XSH Sheen ش 0634
XSS Sad ص 0635
XTA Teh marbuta (see also XAH) ة 0629
XTG Teh marbuta goal (Urdu) б 06C3
XTH Theh ث 062B
XTT Tah b 0637
XXA Alef wasla i 0671
XXD Ddal (Urdu) (1)/(3) 0688
XXG Heh goal (Urdu) 0 06C1
XXH Hah with 3 dots above (Pashto) c^(˙) 0685
XXK Kaf with ring (Pashto) ✓ 06AB
XXN Noon with ring (Pashto) نو 06BC
XXR Rreh (Urdu) j 0691
XXS Seen with dot below and dot above (Pashto) بن 069A
XXT Tteh (Urdu) * 0679
XXY Yeh with tail (Pashto) v 06CD
XYA Farsi yeh (Persian, Urdu) ى 06CC
XYB Yeh barree (Urdu) < 06D2
XYH Heh with yeh above (Urdu) delta 06C0
XZZ Zah ظ 0638| MRZ | Name of Arabic letter | Arabic letter | Unicode |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| XAA | Alef with madda above | I | 0622 |
| XAE | Alef with hamza above | i | 0623 |
| XAH | Teh marbuta (see also XTA) | ة | 0629 |
| XAY | Alef maksura | ى | 0649 |
| XBE | Yeh barree with hamza above | E | 06D3 |
| XC | Tcheh (Persian, Urdu) | శ | 0686 |
| XDH | Thal | j | 0630 |
| XD0 | Heh doachashmee | $\Delta$ | 06BE |
| XDR | Dal with ring (Pashto) | ม | 0689 |
| XDZ | Dad | ض | 0636 |
| XE | Hamza | $¢$ | 0621 |
| XF | Feh with 3 dots below | & | 06A5 |
| XGG | Gaf (Persian, Urdu) | گ | 06AF |
| XGE | Heh goal with hamza above (Urdu) | s | 06C2 |
| XH | Hah | $\tau$ | 062D |
| XI | Yeh with hamza above | ئ | 0626 |
| XJ | Jeh (Urdu) | j | 0698 |
| XKE | Hah with hamza above (Pashto) | خ | 0681 |
| XKH | Khah | 亡 | 062E |
| XKK | Keheh (Persian, Urdu) | ك | 06A9 |
| XNN | Noon ghunna (Urdu) | U | 06BA |
| XNG | Ng | * | 06AD |
| XRR | Reh with ring (Pashto) | d | 0693 |
| XRT | Teh with ring | ت | 067C |
| XRX | Reh with dot below and dot above (Pashto) | . | 0696 |
| XSH | Sheen | ش | 0634 |
| XSS | Sad | ص | 0635 |
| XTA | Teh marbuta (see also XAH) | ة | 0629 |
| XTG | Teh marbuta goal (Urdu) | б | 06C3 |
| XTH | Theh | ث | 062B |
| XTT | Tah | b | 0637 |
| XXA | Alef wasla | i | 0671 |
| XXD | Ddal (Urdu) | $\frac{1}{3}$ | 0688 |
| XXG | Heh goal (Urdu) | 0 | 06C1 |
| XXH | Hah with 3 dots above (Pashto) | $\dot{c}$ | 0685 |
| XXK | Kaf with ring (Pashto) | $\checkmark$ | 06AB |
| XXN | Noon with ring (Pashto) | نو | 06BC |
| XXR | Rreh (Urdu) | j | 0691 |
| XXS | Seen with dot below and dot above (Pashto) | بن | 069A |
| XXT | Tteh (Urdu) | * | 0679 |
| XXY | Yeh with tail (Pashto) | v | 06CD |
| XYA | Farsi yeh (Persian, Urdu) | ى | 06CC |
| XYB | Yeh barree (Urdu) | $<$ | 06D2 |
| XYH | Heh with yeh above (Urdu) | $\delta$ | 06C0 |
| XZZ | Zah | ظ | 0638 |
B. 7 Computer Programs B.7 電腦程式
B.7.1 Arabic to MRZ B.7.1 阿拉伯文轉換至機讀區
This program written in Python is offered as an example of converting Arabic characters (in Unicode) to the MRZ format. 這個以 Python 撰寫的程式提供了一個將阿拉伯文字元(採用 Unicode 編碼)轉換為 MRZ 格式的範例。
The Arabic characters are contained in a file “Arabic source.txt” and the corresponding MRZ data is written to a file “MRZ output.txt”. 阿拉伯文字元儲存在「Arabic source.txt」檔案中,對應的 MRZ 資料則寫入「MRZ output.txt」檔案。
fin = encodings.utf_8_sig.codecs.open('Arabic source.txt', 'r') #b', 'utf-8-sig', 'ignore', 1)
fout = open('MRZ output.txt', 'w')
# loop through the input file
try:
for arabic_name in fin:
MRZ_name = Arabic_to_MRZ(arabic_name)
fout.write(MRZ_name)
fout.write('\n')
finally:
fin.close()
fout.flush()
fout.close()
*********************************************************************************
B.7.2 MRZ to Arabic B.7.2 MRZ 轉阿拉伯文
This program written in Python is offered as an example of converting MRZ characters to Arabic characters (in Unicode). 這個以 Python 撰寫的程式提供了一個將 MRZ 字元轉換為阿拉伯文字元(採用 Unicode 編碼)的範例。
The MRZ characters are contained in a file “MRZ source.txt” and the corresponding Arabic data is written to a file “Arabic output.txt”. MRZ 字元存儲在「MRZ source.txt」檔案中,對應的阿拉伯文資料則寫入「Arabic output.txt」檔案。
[1] ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts. Randal K. Berry (ed.). Library of Congress, 1997. [1] ALA-LC 羅馬化表:非羅馬文字音譯方案。編輯:Randal K. Berry。國會圖書館,1997 年。
[2] The Encyclopedia of Islam. New Edition. Leiden, 1960. [2] 伊斯蘭百科全書。新版。萊頓,1960 年。
[3] ISO 233:1984. Documentation - Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters. International Organization for Standardization, 1984-12-15. [3] ISO 233:1984. 文件資訊 - 阿拉伯字元拉丁化轉寫。國際標準組織,1984-12-15。
[4] United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names. Report on Their Current Status. Compiled by the UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems. Version 2.1. June 2002. [4] 聯合國地名羅馬化系統。現況報告。由聯合國地名專家組羅馬化系統工作小組編製。第 2.1 版。2002 年 6 月。
[5] IPSG comments to the document: Transliteration of Arabic Fonts in Machine Readable Travel Documents - Technical Report - Version 2.3 dated 15 Feb 2008. Interpol, Lyon, 17 March 2008. [5] 國際刑警組織對文件的評論:機讀旅行文件阿拉伯字型轉寫 - 技術報告 - 2008 年 2 月 15 日版本第 2.3 版。國際刑警組織,法國里昂,2008 年 3 月 17 日。
[6] Private correspondence, Dr. Jan Hoogland, Department of Arabic, University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands, 23 March 2008. [6] 私人通信,揚·豪格蘭德博士,荷蘭奈梅亨大學阿拉伯系,2008 年 3 月 23 日。
[7] Comments on the Translation of Arabic Fonts in Machine Readable Travel Documents TECHNICAL REPORT AMA 13052008, Mr. Abdalla M. Askar, Emirates Identity Authority. [7] 關於機器可讀旅行文件中阿拉伯字型的翻譯評論 技術報告 AMA 13052008,Abdalla M. Askar 先生,阿聯酋身份認證局。
^(1){ }^{1} XTA is used generally except if teh marbuta occurs at the end of the name component, in which case XAH is used. ^(1){ }^{1} 通常使用 XTA,除非「瑪爾布塔」字母出現在姓名部分的結尾,此時使用 XAH。
2 Shadda denotes doubling:Latin character or sequence is repeated eg عبّاس becomes EBBAS;فضّة becomes FXDZXDZXAH. 2 沙達(Shadda)表示重複:拉丁字符或序列重複,例如 عبّاس 變成 EBBAS;فضّة 變成 FXDZXDZXAH。
3 Non conformities that affect single documents or small numbers of eMRTDs will not be addressed by this section, it is up to the issuing State to recall and re-issue individual documents. 3 對單一文件或少量電子機讀旅行文件(eMRTDs)有影響的不符合情況將不在本節討論,由發證國自行決定召回和重新簽發個別文件。
4 For any instance where there has been a security issue related to a PKI certificate, the proper response is revocation as described in Doc 9303-12. Further guidance is outside the scope of this section. 4 對於任何與公開金鑰基礎建設(PKI)憑證相關的安全性問題,正確的回應是依據文件 9303-12 所述進行憑證廢止。此節範圍外的進一步指導不在此討論。
5 Since CRLs are a security reporting mechanism and are constantly reissued, no defects reporting is necessary for them and they are therefore outside the scope of this Part. 5 由於憑證廢止清單(CRLs)是一種安全性報告機制且持續重新發布,因此不需要對其進行缺陷報告,故不在本文件範圍內。
^(1){ }^{1} Abū Bakr al-Rāzi was a great Persian scientist and doctor of about 1100 years ago. In Persian (Farsi), his name is usually spelt with a final Persian “yeh” (ى), but to avoid confusion we have used the standard Arabic “yeh” (ي). ^(1){ }^{1} 阿布·巴克爾·拉茲是一位約 1100 年前的偉大波斯科學家和醫生。在波斯語(法爾西語)中,他的名字通常以波斯語的最後一個「耶」(ى)拼寫,但為避免混淆,我們使用標準阿拉伯語的「耶」(ي)。 ^(2){ }^{2} See http://www.kanji.org/cjk/arabic/araborth.htm. ^(2){ }^{2} 請參閱 http://www.kanji.org/cjk/arabic/araborth.htm。
^(3){ }^{3} The name of the character as given in Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646. ^(3){ }^{3} Unicode 及 ISO/IEC 10646 中給定的字元名稱。
^(4){ }^{4} Obsolete characters ^(4){ }^{4} 作廢的字元
^(5){ }^{5} The letter"farsi yeh"(ى)is functionally identical to the standard"yeh"(ي)but in the isolated and final forms is graphically identical to the standard"alef maksura"( ىىى ),so could be transliterated as'YY'or"XAY".Database matching algorithms should take this into account. ^(6){ }^{6} The character"Pashto yeh"(ș)is functionally identical to the standard"yeh"(ي). ^(5){ }^{5} 字母「farsi yeh」(ى)在功能上與標準「yeh」(ي)相同,但在獨立和結尾形式中,其圖形與標準「alef maksura」( ىىى )完全相同,因此可以音譯為「 YY 」或「XAY」。資料庫比對演算法應將此納入考慮。 ^(6){ }^{6} 字元「Pashto yeh」(ș)在功能上與標準「yeh」(ي)相同。
^(7){ }^{7} Truncated as specified in the form factor specific Parts 4 to 7 of Doc 9303. ^(7){ }^{7} 依文件 9303 的第 4 至 7 部分所述的規格截斷。