Transcripts.
成绩单。
6.1.3.
Task 3: Defining innovation.
任务 3：定义创新。
What is innovation? Life is made up of dots. Many, in fact, most people believe that the dots they see every day are all the dots there are. So life goes along according to these known dots. Decisions and solutions are based on these commonly known dots - as well as many conclusions, too. Some companies build their entire businesses on these known dots. This we know as the status quo: business as usual.
什么是创新？生活是由点组成的。事实上，许多人认为他们每天看到的点就是所有的点。所以生活按照这些已知的点进行。决策和解决方案基于这些众所周知的点 - 以及许多结论。一些公司将他们的整个业务建立在这些已知的点上。我们称之为现状：一切照旧。
Then, one day, someone comes along and sees one or more dots beyond the commonly agreed-upon dots. Dots that others missed; dots that are ignored; dots that others have long since forgotten about. Some like these new dots and celebrate this new discovery, liking how things currently are uncomfortable with everyday dots. Some protest these new dots; some even claim they are invalid or, worse, are imaginary dots that don't even exist.
然后，有一天，有人出现，看到一个或多个超出普遍同意的点的点。其他人错过的点;被忽略的点;其他人早已忘记的点。有些人喜欢这些新点并庆祝这一新发现，喜欢目前对日常点的不舒服。有些人抗议这些新点;有些人甚至声称它们是无效的，或者更糟糕的是，它们是根本不存在的虚构点。
Yet it's these new dots that potentially change everything. What is the source of these new dots? Notions, unexpected connections, ideas, possibilities, and imagination. Fire was one of these dots, so is the wheel, and the bicycle, and the automobile, and the computer, as well as the internet, smartphone and the tablet. In fact, many of today's common dots were at one time uncommon: newly introduced dots.
然而，正是这些新点可能会改变一切。这些新点的来源是什么？概念、意想不到的联系、想法、可能性和想象力。火就是其中之一，车轮、自行车、汽车、电脑、互联网、智能手机和平板电脑也是如此。事实上，今天的许多常见点曾经是不常见的：新引入的点。
So what is innovation? Those other dots, the ones others miss. And having the certainty to know that the dots you see are not only valid but necessary, if the world is to move forward.
那么什么是创新呢？那些其他的点，别人错过的那些。并且确定地知道，如果世界要向前发展，您看到的点不仅有效而且是必要的。
Homework Task 1: Watch a video on innovation and make notes.
家庭作业任务 1：观看有关创新的视频并做笔记。
Video - What’s the difference between invention and in novation? by EconClips .
视频 - 发明和创新 有什么区别？由 EconClips 提供 。
Have you ever heard about the dispute of two Steves who created an apple? Of course, it is about the disagreements between Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs: two co-founders of Apple Inc. Steve Wozniak was an engineer: he designed and constructed Apple I and Apple II – one of the first personal computers in history. Steve Jobs was a businessman: he turned ideas into market successes and, thanks to his great marketing skills, encouraged millions of people to buy Apple products.
你听说过两个史蒂夫创造苹果的纠纷吗？当然，这是关于史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫·乔布斯之间的分歧：苹果公司的两位联合创始人。史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克是一名工程师：他设计并建造了 Apple I 和 Apple II——历史上最早的个人电脑之一。史蒂夫乔布斯是一位商人：他将想法转化为市场成功，并凭借出色的营销技巧鼓励数百万人购买 Apple 产品。
The cooperation of the two, however, was not smooth and without clashes. Wozniak has repeatedly emphasized that, in his opinion, Jobs is not a great visionary changing the world – but only a man with a marketing flair, who can use other people's ideas and make money on them. Nowadays, Steve Jobs is the first person that comes to mind when we talk about the creators of Apple's success. Steve Wozniak seems to remain in the shadow of glory of his great namesake. Many computer geeks who are keenly interested in the industry openly claim that Jobs did not create anything himself, but merely "stole" fame and money from Wozniak. We are facing an alleged dichotomy between a genius and creator – namely: Wozniak – and a parasite gaining profits from other people's achievements – i.e. Jobs. A poor but brilliant inventor versus "only" an entrepreneur. Does it really work like this and are the real creators of millions of life-changing inventions exploited by greedy businessmen?
然而，两人的合作并不顺利，也没有发生冲突。沃兹尼亚克一再强调，在他看来，乔布斯不是一个改变世界的伟大远见者——而只是一个具有营销天赋的人，他可以使用别人的想法并从中赚钱。如今，当我们谈论 Apple 成功的创造者时，史蒂夫乔布斯是第一个想到的人。史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克 （Steve Wozniak） 似乎仍然处于他伟大的同名荣耀的阴影下。许多对该行业非常感兴趣的计算机极客公开声称，乔布斯并没有自己创造任何东西，而只是从沃兹尼亚克那里“偷走”了名声和金钱。我们正面临着天才和创造者（即沃兹尼亚克）与从他人的成就中获利的寄生虫（即乔布斯）之间的所谓二分法。一个贫穷但才华横溢的发明家与“仅仅”一个企业家。它真的是这样运作的吗，数以百万计改变生活的发明的真正创造者是否被贪婪的商人利用？
To answer this question, we have to first understand the difference between an invention and an innovation. Inventions are the driving force of technological development, which is crucial for a civilization’s development. Prosperity, length and quality of life, as well as the convenience of everyday lives of people all over the world, depend on technology. Technology has increased the productivity of manufactories several dozen times – thanks to the use of steam engines. It freed farmers from hard and exhausting work from dawn till dusk – because it provided them with tractors and harvesters. It made traveling around the world easier and faster – thanks to railways, then cars, then airplanes.
要回答这个问题，我们首先要了解发明和创新之间的区别。发明是技术发展的驱动力，对一个文明的发展至关重要。世界各地人们的繁荣、长寿和生活质量，以及日常生活的便利性，都取决于技术。由于蒸汽机的使用，技术使制造厂的生产力提高了几十倍。它使农民从从黎明到黄昏的艰苦工作中解脱出来——因为它为他们提供了拖拉机和收割机。它使环游世界变得更轻松、更快捷 - 这要归功于铁路，然后是汽车，然后是飞机。
However, not every invention contributes to technological development, and some – even the brilliant ones – are never widely used. Why? Let's look at what an invention is. James Burke in an article on Encyclopedia Britannica Online defines invention this way: "Invention, the act of bringing ideas or objects together in a novel way to create something that did not exist before." The first man-made wheel (and then axle, and wheelset) was an invention, because it was a new way to solve the problem of transport, and it made possible the creation of carts. The first hoe, the first sundial, the first water mill – each one of these was an invention. Just like the inventions whose creators we know today by name, such as a modern printing press with a movable font by Johannes Gutenberg, an atmospheric steam engine by Thomas Newcomen, Orville and Wilbur Wright's airplane or DYNABOOK, i.e. the first visionary portable personal computer designed by Alan Key in Xerox PARC laboratories. We understand what inventions were and are.
然而，并非每项发明都有助于技术发展，有些发明——即使是出色的发明——从未得到广泛使用。为什么？让我们看看什么是发明。詹姆斯·伯克 （James Burke） 在 《大英百科全书在线》（Encyclopedia Britannica Online） 上的一篇文章中这样定义发明：“发明，以新颖的方式将想法或对象组合在一起，创造出以前不存在的东西的行为。第一个人造轮子（然后是车轴和轮对）是一项发明，因为它是解决运输问题的新方法，它使手推车的诞生成为可能。第一把锄头、第一台日晷、第一台水磨——每一项都是一项发明。就像我们今天所知道的发明者的名字一样，例如约翰内斯·古腾堡 （Johannes Gutenberg） 的具有可移动字体的现代印刷机，托马斯·纽科门 （Thomas Newcomen） 的大气蒸汽机，奥维尔 （Orville） 和威尔伯·赖特 （Wilbur Wright） 的飞机或 DYNABOOK，即 Alan Key 在施乐 PARC 实验室设计的第一台富有远见的便携式个人计算机。我们了解发明的过去和现在。
However, not every invention becomes as groundbreaking as the ones mentioned above – and it certainly does not become so immediately. History gives examples of numerous (known by name or nameless) inventors who created new technological solutions, which surpassed everything that contemporary people knew about – and yet, their inventions were either forgotten or simply did not find a wider resonance in the society of their era. Leonardo da Vinci, widely recognized as the archetype of the Renaissance man, was to be the creator of dozens of inventions that only centuries later were actually used – he is credited with, among others, inventing the parachute. However, parachutes (as well as many other inventions attributed to da Vinci) were not used until few centuries later.
然而，并非每项发明都像上述发明一样具有开创性——当然也不会立即变得如此。历史上有许多（有名或无名）发明家创造了新技术解决方案的例子，这些解决方案超出了当代人所知道的一切——然而，他们的发明要么被遗忘，要么根本没有在他们那个时代的社会中找到更广泛的共鸣。列奥纳多·达·芬奇 （Leonardo da Vinci） 被广泛认为是文艺复兴时期的原型，他创造了数十项发明，这些发明仅在几个世纪后才真正被使用——他被认为发明了降落伞等人。然而，降落伞（以及达芬奇的许多其他发明）直到几个世纪后才被使用。
You can even talk about the entire "nations of inventors" that gave the world the creators of extraordinary technologies, but often these technologies for centuries did not have any wider implications for these nations. They were rather curiosities and toys for rich elites than widely available goods that changed the lives of the masses. Ancient and medieval China can be a good example of this: a country of numerous inventions, that did not, however, significantly change the daily lives of average Chinese for a long time (often for centuries) after being invented. Even the famous Four Great Inventions (i.e. print, compass, paper and gunpowder), which in China are a classic symbol of the scientific and technological power of the country, found wider, more common and more revolutionary applications later in Europe, and not in the Middle Kingdom itself.
你甚至可以谈论整个“发明家之国”，它们为世界创造了非凡的技术，但几个世纪以来，这些技术往往并没有对这些国家产生任何更广泛的影响。它们与其说是改变大众生活的广泛商品，不如说是富裕精英的奇珍异宝和玩具。古代和中世纪的中国就是一个很好的例子：一个拥有众多发明的国家，然而，在发明后的很长一段时间内（通常是几个世纪）并没有显着改变普通中国人的日常生活。即使是著名的四大发明（即印刷术、指南针、纸张和火药），在中国是国家科技实力的经典象征，后来在欧洲得到了更广泛、更普遍和更具革命性的应用，而不是在中国本身。
Not every invention changes the world, and certainly not everyone does it immediately or through the actions of the inventor himself. It is not the fault of fate or immaturity of society unable to appreciate the inventor's genius. In order for the invention to become a breakthrough and to change the lives of the masses – it must become an innovation.
并非每项发明都能改变世界，当然也不是每个人都会立即或通过发明者本人的行动来改变世界。这不是命运的错，也不是社会不成熟的错，无法欣赏发明家的天才。为了使这项发明成为突破并改变大众的生活 – 它必须成为一项创新。
Innovation is an invention implemented and used on a large scale. The first wheel (and axle) could have been the most brilliant invention of the world at that time – but it did not change the fate of others or improve the quality of life of the people of that era - until the inventor presented his novelty, explained its meaning and applications, and showed that it could be used for faster and easier transport. Gutenberg's printing press would not matter at all if it were not adopted by others and if it soon did not become widely used to print writings, including the Holy Bible translated into national languages. The Newcomen's steam engine would be forgotten, and would only exist as a record in a dusty work of some historian, if in 1712 the Staffordshire mine did not run the first of these machines to accelerate and facilitate coal mining – which proved in practice the efficiency of the machine in the mining industry.
创新是一项大规模实施和使用的发明。第一个轮子（和车轴）可能是当时世界上最辉煌的发明——但它并没有改变他人的命运或提高那个时代人们的生活质量——直到发明者提出了他的新颖性，解释了它的含义和应用，并表明它可以用于更快、更轻松的运输。如果古腾堡的印刷机不被其他人采用，并且没有很快被广泛用于印刷作品，包括翻译成国家语言的圣经，那么它根本不重要。纽科门的蒸汽机将被遗忘，只会作为一些历史学家尘封的著作中的记录存在，如果在 1712 年斯塔福德郡矿没有运行第一台这些机器来加速和促进煤炭开采——这在实践中证明了机器在采矿业中的效率。
Similarly, the same engine could never become a key element of the industrial revolution, were it not for the subsequent improvements and mass sales that we owe to James Watt.
同样，如果不是随后的改进和大规模销售，同样的发动机永远不会成为工业革命的关键要素，这要归功于詹姆斯·瓦特 （James Watt）。
Innovation is an invention that has been successfully presented to the masses and sold on the market. The inventor is (of course!) the father of the invention – but entrepreneurs are the father of innovation. Sometimes it is one and the same person – history knows many inventor-entrepreneurs, such as Thomas Alva Edison. However, the author of the spectacular success of a given technological novelty is often someone else entirely than the inventor himself. This is not surprising – after all, not every scientist or engineer must also be a businessman and a specialist in advertising, promotion and sales. In society, everyone acts on the basis of his or her best judgment, engages in voluntary interactions with others, and has a chance to profit from it. The one who best meets the needs of a wide range of consumers gains the most – but, nevertheless, everyone gains: the inventor, the entrepreneur, the "multiplier" of a given invention and finally the final recipient of the product: the consumer.
创新是一项已成功向大众展示并在市场上销售的发明。发明者（当然）是发明之父 - 但企业家是创新之父。有时是同一个人——历史上知道许多发明家兼企业家，例如托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生。然而，某项技术新奇事物取得巨大成功的作者往往完全是发明者本人。这并不奇怪 - 毕竟，并非每个科学家或工程师都必须是商人和广告、促销和销售方面的专家。在社会中，每个人都根据他或她的最佳判断行事，与他人进行自愿互动，并有机会从中获利。最能满足广大消费者需求的人会得到最大的收益——但无论如何，每个人都会受益：发明者、企业家、特定发明的“乘数”，最后是产品的最终接受者：消费者。
Back to the example of China: why the industrial revolution and the radical increase in prosperity and improvement of society's living conditions started not in China, but in Great Britain and the USA, and not before the mid-eighteenth century? It might seem that China had everything a country needs for a breakthrough: inventions, huge population, large surface area, lots of natural resources. However, for an invention to become an innovation and to actually change people's lives, something else is needed: well-functioning market institutions and people who can make use of them: the entrepreneurs. This new group of people took up (and continue to this day) the fight against uncertainty.
回到中国的例子：为什么工业革命以及繁荣和社会生活条件的急剧增加不是从中国开始的，而是在英国和美国开始的，而不是在 18 世纪中叶之前？中国似乎拥有一个国家实现突破所需的一切：发明、庞大的人口、广阔的面积、大量的自然资源。然而，要使一项发明成为创新并真正改变人们的生活，还需要其他东西：运作良好的市场机构和能够利用它们的人：企业家。这群新人开始（并一直持续到今天）与不确定性作斗争。
What does it mean? Entrepreneurs try to anticipate the what, when and whys that will be needed for as many people as possible, and then to provide them with these goods and services in the best and cheapest way possible. They take this uncertainty on their shoulders: if their predictions prove to be correct, they have a chance to make a profit; if they are wrong, they will suffer a loss.
这是什么意思？企业家试图预测尽可能多的人需要什么、何时以及为什么需要，然后以最好和最便宜的方式为他们提供这些商品和服务。他们肩负着这种不确定性：如果他们的预测被证明是正确的，他们就有机会获利;如果他们错了，他们就会蒙受损失。
What does this mean for the story of two Steves arguing over an apple? Are we really dealing with the story of a poor inventor: a genius used by a bloodthirsty entrepreneur? Maybe the creator of Apple's breakthrough technology was not Steve Jobs, but Steve Wozniak. However, without the entrepreneurial skills, business intuition and market sense that characterized Jobs, Apple Inc. could not be so successful, and Apple I and Apple II could have ended up as interesting, but forgotten inventions, lying in the dust of some abandoned garage. It is worth appreciating that we were lucky to have both of them: the inventor and his inventions – as well as the entrepreneur and his innovations.
这对两个史蒂夫为苹果争吵的故事意味着什么？我们真的在处理一个贫穷的发明家的故事吗：一个被嗜血的企业家利用的天才？也许苹果突破性技术的创造者不是史蒂夫乔布斯，而是史蒂夫沃兹尼亚克。然而，如果没有乔布斯特有的创业技能、商业直觉和市场意识，苹果公司就不会如此成功，苹果 I 和苹果 II 最终可能会成为有趣但被遗忘的发明，躺在某个废弃车库的灰尘中。值得庆幸的是，我们很幸运地拥有他们两个人：发明家和他的发明，以及企业家和他的创新。
Script written by Mateusz Błaszczyk, co-creator of a YouTube podcast series "Class of the Atlas" ("Klasa Atlasa").
剧本由 Mateusz Błaszczyk 编写，他是 YouTube 播客系列“Class of the Atlas”（“Klasa Atlasa”）的共同创作者。
6.1.5.
Task 4: Finding sources using FindIt@Bham.
任务 4：使用 FindIt@Bham 查找源。
In this video, I'm going to demonstrate how FindIt@Bham can be used to search for and access online journal articles. Before performing a search, check that you've signed in to FindIt@Bham in the top right-hand corner of the screen. This ensures that you'll be recognised as an authenticated member of the University of Birmingham when you come to access the full text of journal articles later on. When performing a search for a journal article you can either leave the second dropdown menu set as an 'Everything' search, or for a more focused search change the menu to 'Article Search'. In the search bar itself, if there is a specific journal article that you wish to look up, you can enter the article title here. Or if you're searching for articles relating to a particular topic area, you can use the search bar to perform a keyword search.
在本视频中，我将演示如何使用 FindIt@Bham 来搜索和访问在线期刊文章。在执行搜索之前，请检查您是否已登录屏幕右上角的 FindIt@Bham。这可确保您在以后访问期刊文章的全文时被认可为伯明翰大学的认证成员。在搜索期刊文章时，您可以将第二个下拉菜单设置为 'Everything' 搜索，或者为了更集中的搜索，将菜单更改为 'Article Search'。在搜索栏本身中，如果您想查找特定的期刊文章，您可以在此处输入文章标题。或者，如果您正在搜索与特定主题领域相关的文章，您可以使用搜索栏执行关键字搜索。
Let's imagine I'm searching for journal articles on the topic of happiness and society. I enter happiness and society into the search bar and either press enter on my computer keyboard or select the magnifying glass icon. A list of results is generated. The journal article result will be tagged with the label 'Article'. To access an article, select the green 'View Full Text' link and a new menu will open up and under the section entitled 'View It' a selection of one or more links will be presented. The text in each of the links provides context as to which publisher platforms the article is hosted on. Sometimes, as is the case here, you will see multiple links in the 'View It' section. This just means that the full text is available for more than one platform - it's your choice as to which link you choose to follow to access the full text.
假设我正在搜索有关幸福和社会主题的期刊文章。我在搜索栏中输入 happiness and society，然后按电脑键盘上的 Enter 键或选择放大镜图标。将生成结果列表。期刊文章结果将用标签 'Article' 进行标记。要访问文章，请选择绿色的“查看全文”链接，将打开一个新菜单，在标题为“查看”的部分下将显示一个或多个链接的选择。每个链接中的文本都提供了有关托管文章的出版商平台的上下文。有时，就像这里的情况一样，您会在 'View It' 部分看到多个链接。这只是意味着全文可用于多个平台 - 您可以选择选择点击哪个链接来访问全文。
For some journal articles, you will notice that as well as the green 'View Full Text' link, there are other links that can be selected. These are just there to widen your discovery options. For example, the 'View Article PDF' link gives you direct access to the article PDF, meaning fewer clicks are needed to access content. The 'Browse Issue Contents' link will take you to the contents page for the particular issue in which the article has been published.
对于某些期刊文章，您会注意到除了绿色的“查看全文”链接外，还可以选择其他链接。这些只是为了扩大您的发现选择。例如，“查看文章 PDF”链接可让您直接访问文章 PDF，这意味着访问内容所需的点击次数更少。“浏览期刊内容”链接将带您进入已发表文章的特定期刊的内容页面。
6.4.3
Task 2: Presentation Skills – Signposting.
任务 2：演讲技巧 – 路标。
Today I will talk about Karl’s video from last week “signposting” and three reasons of why signposting is good, Karl went through some great points in his post last week about how to give the audience’s brains little breaks and how to help them understand important points in your presentation.
今天我将谈谈 Karl 上周的“路标”视频以及路标好的三个原因，Karl 在上周的帖子中介绍了一些很棒的观点，关于如何让听众的大脑稍作休息以及如何帮助他们理解你的演讲中的要点。
In this week's tip I do actually want to talk about something quite similar and it's called signposting. So, what is sign posting? Well when you're in your car and you're driving somewhere strange you depend on signposting to tell you where you are and also where you're going. Signposting in a presentation is very similar, we have to signpost, we tell people where our presentation is going.
在本周的提示中，我确实想谈谈非常相似的事情，它被称为路标。那么，什么是标牌张贴？好吧，当你在车里开车去一个陌生的地方时，你会依靠路标来告诉你你在哪里，以及你要去哪里。 演示文稿中的路标非常相似，我们必须路标，我们告诉人们我们的演示文稿要去哪里。
When we signpost, we give the audience three very important things ‘information, anticipation and understanding’. ‘Information’ tells the audience about the subject of your presentation. ‘Anticipation’: the audience will anticipate certain areas of your presentation. And ‘understanding’: the audience will understand the basics of your presentation.
当我们指示时，我们给观众三个非常重要的东西'信息，预期和理解'。 '信息”告诉观众关于你演讲的主题 。 '预期'： 观众会预期你演讲的某些区域。 而“理解”：观众会理解你演示的基本内容。
I actually signposted at the beginning of this video today, just to remind you here's what I said; “Today I will talk about Karl’s video from last week signposting and three reasons why sign poster is good”. So now you know in that signpost I told if I was presenting of course, I just told you where the presentation is going, so you are now well-informed.
实际上，我今天在这个视频的开头做了路标，只是为了提醒你这是我所说的;“今天我将谈谈 Karl 上周的路标视频以及标志海报好的三个原因”。 所以现在你知道了，在那个路标中，我告诉了我是否在演讲，当然，我刚刚告诉了你演讲的去向，所以你现在已经消息灵通了。
Remember signposting gives your audience information anticipation and understanding about your presentation. If you don't already use it, try using signposting in your next presentation and let us know how you get on. And remember if you've ever got a question just let us know what it is please. Like this video on Facebook, tweet about it on Twitter and share on other social media. Help other people improve. Thanks for watching and we'll see you in the next video.
请记住，路标可以让您的听众对您的演示文稿进行信息、预期和理解。 如果您还没有使用它，请尝试在下一次演示中使用路标，并让我们知道您的进展情况。 请记住，如果您有任何问题，请告诉我们它是什么。 在 Facebook 上喜欢这个视频，在 Twitter 上发布推文并在其他社交媒体上分享。帮助其他人改进。感谢您的观看，我们下一个视频见。
Introductory Text
介绍性文本
Innovation
创新
What is Innovation?
什么是创新？
Innovation is the process of creating new ideas, methods, products, or solutions that add value and make a positive impact. It turns creative ideas into real results that improve how things work, solve problems, or meet new needs.
创新是创造新想法、方法、产品或解决方案的过程，这些想法、方法、产品或解决方案可以增加价值并产生积极影响。它将创意转化为实际结果，从而改善工作方式、解决问题或满足新需求。
Innovation is not just about technology. It includes new ways to solve problems, improve processes, or change how businesses operate. It challenges the usual way of doing things, encourages creative thinking, and takes calculated risks to achieve better results.
创新不仅仅关乎技术。它包括解决问题、改进流程或改变企业运营方式的新方法。它挑战了通常的做事方式，鼓励创造性思维，并承担经过计算的风险以取得更好的结果。
Innovation comes from curiosity, creativity, and the desire to improve. It needs an open mindset, a willingness to embrace change, and the courage to try new things. Innovation happens in many areas, such as business, science, technology, or social services. It can lead to economic growth, social progress, and better quality of life.
创新来自好奇心、创造力和改进的愿望。它需要开放的心态、接受变化的意愿以及尝试新事物的勇气。创新发生在许多领域，例如商业、科学、技术或社会服务。它可以带来经济增长、社会进步和更好的生活质量。
Types of Innovation
创新类型
There are different types of innovation, each with its own purpose:
有不同类型的创新，每一种都有自己的目的：
Product Innovation: Creating new products or improving existing ones to meet customer needs.
产品创新 ：创造新产品或改进现有产品以满足客户需求。
Process Innovation: Making workflows, systems, or technologies more efficient.
流程创新 ：提高工作流程、系统或技术的效率。
Business Model Innovation: Changing how businesses create and deliver value.
商业模式创新 ：改变企业创造和交付价值的方式。
Service Innovation: Improving customer experiences with new services or better delivery methods.
服务创新 ：通过新服务或更好的交付方式改善客户体验。
Incremental Innovation: Making small but steady improvements to products or processes.
渐进式创新 ：对产品或流程进行微小但稳定的改进。
Disruptive Innovation: Creating entirely new solutions that replace old ways of doing things.
颠覆性创新 ：创造全新的解决方案，取代旧的做事方式。
Open Innovation: Working with others, like customers or researchers, to create new ideas.
开放式创新 ：与他人（如客户或研究人员）合作，创造新的想法。
Sustainable Innovation: Developing eco-friendly products and practices to protect the environment.
可持续创新 ：开发环保产品和实践以保护环境。
Social Innovation: Solving social problems with new ideas to improve community well-being.
社会创新 ：以新理念解决社会问题，以改善社区福祉。
Digital Innovation: Using technology like AI or IoT to transform products or services.
数字创新 ：使用 AI 或 IoT 等技术实现产品或服务转型。
Technology Innovation: Advancing scientific and technical fields to solve big challenges.
技术创新 ：推动科技领域发展，解决重大挑战。
Computing Innovation: Creating breakthroughs in IT systems and cybersecurity.
计算创新 ：在 IT 系统和网络安全方面取得突破。
Examples of Innovation
创新示例
Airbnb: Changed the travel industry by letting people rent out their homes.
Airbnb：让人们出租自己的房屋，改变了旅游业。
Electric Vehicles: Brands like Tesla have made eco-friendly cars more popular.
电动汽车 ：特斯拉等品牌使环保汽车更受欢迎。
Mobile Payment Solutions: Apps like Apple Pay make paying faster and easier.
移动支付解决方案 ：Apple Pay 等应用程序让支付更快捷、更轻松。
CRISPR Gene Editing: This technology helps scientists edit DNA to treat diseases.
CRISPR 基因编辑 ：这项技术帮助科学家编辑 DNA 以治疗疾病。
Netflix Streaming: Transformed how people watch TV by offering on-demand content.
Netflix 流媒体 ：通过提供点播内容，改变了人们观看电视的方式。
Solar Energy: Improved solar panels make renewable energy more affordable.
太阳能：改进的太阳能电池板使可再生能源更实惠。
Adapted from Jain, N (2023) What is Innovation? Definition, Types, Examples and Process. Available at: https://ideascale.com/blog/what-is-innovation/ ideascale.com (Accessed: 11 November 2024).
改编自 Jain， N （2023） 什么是创新？定义、类型、示例和过程 ，见：https://ideascale.com/blog/what-is-innovation/ ideascale.com（访问时间：2024 年 11 月 11 日）。
Key Questions About Innovation
关于创新的关键问题
What new innovations are happening in your field?
您的领域正在发生哪些新的创新？
What problem does the innovation solve or improve?
创新解决或改善了什么问题？
How does it compare to what came before?
它与之前相比如何？
How effective is it?
效果如何？
What are its drawbacks, and how can they be fixed?
它的缺点是什么，如何解决？
What might happen next in this area?
这个领域接下来会发生什么？
