Contusions
挫伤
Description A contusion or bruise is a crush injury to a muscle
描述挫伤或瘀伤是肌肉挤压伤
Cause (etiology)
病因
Bleeding into the subcutaneous tissue and skin, most often caused by trauma. Bruising is also seen when clients have been taking certain medications that cause thinning of the blood.
皮下组织和皮肤出血，通常由创伤引起 。服用某些导致血液稀释的药物也会导致瘀伤 。
Anatomy of the affected area: n/a
受影响区域的解剖 ： 不适用
Signs and Symptoms
体征和症状
Ranges from local, minor discolouration to large, debilitating areas. Skin over the bruising is intact. There may be swelling, accompanied by pain caused by pressure against nearby nerve ending.
范围从局部轻微变色到大面积、令人无力的损伤。 瘀伤处皮肤完好。可能出现肿胀，并伴有附近神经末梢受压引起的疼痛。
Assessment for the condition
病情评估
History of injury.
有受伤史。
Visual assessment of the area of the contusion.
对挫伤区域进行视觉评估。
Gentle palpation for heat.
轻轻触诊是否有热感。
AROM/ PROM testing of joints proximal and distal to the contusion.
对挫伤处近端和远端关节进行 AROM/PROM 测试。
Evaluate for contraindications (myositis ossificans)
评估禁忌症（骨化性肌炎）
See pg. 273 for contraindications.
有关禁忌症， 请参阅第 273 页 。
Critical elements of the treatment
治疗的关键要素
Elevation of the limb (if a limb)
抬高肢体（如果是肢体）
If the bruise is on the body, position so that there is no pressure on the bruise.
如果瘀伤发生在身体上，请调整位置，以免瘀伤受到压力。
Ice (applied in “doughnut” around the contusion, or cool compress applied directly to the contusion)
冰块（以“甜甜圈”状敷在挫伤处周围，或将冷敷直接敷在挫伤处）
Heat proximal to encourage lymph drainage.
加热近端以促进淋巴引流。
MLD and effleurage around and proximal to the contusion.
对挫伤周围和近端进行 MLD 和抚摸。
PROM of joints distal and proximal to the contusion
挫伤处远端和近端关节的 PROM
Treatment plan
治疗计划
Gradual increase in pressure/ more aggressive manipulations as the contusion heals – restore ROM and muscle function if any has been lost due to the injury.
随着挫伤的愈合，逐渐增加压力/进行更积极的操作 - 恢复因受伤而丧失的 ROM 和肌肉功能 。
Evaluate outcome
评估结果
Evaluate ROM of joints proximal and distal
评估近端和远端关节的活动范围
Evaluate muscle strength
评估肌肉力量
Recommendations: Elevate, hydrotherapy, observe for any CIs.
建议 ： 抬高、水疗、观察任何 CI。
Contusions
挫伤
Regular Bruise
经常性瘀伤
Crush Injury
挤压伤