Understanding our H-2B Employer Data Hub
了解我们的 H-2B 雇主数据平台
On June 23, 2021, we launched the H-2B Employer Data Hub to provide information on U.S. employers or U.S. agents (“H-2B petitioners”) petitioning for H-2B workers. The data hub provides an additional layer of transparency to the H-2B program by allowing the public to search for H-2B petitioners by cap fiscal year, employer (petitioner) name, city, state, zip code, worksite state, cap type, North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code, and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) code.
2021 年 6 月 23 日，我们推出了 H-2B 雇主数据平台，旨在提供申请 H-2B 非移民工人的美国雇主或美国代理机构（"H-2B 申请人"）的相关信息。该数据平台通过允许公众按财年配额、雇主（申请人）名称、城市、州、邮编、工作地点所在州、配额类型、北美行业分类系统（NAICS）代码和标准职业分类（SOC）代码进行检索，为 H-2B 项目增加了透明度。
We process an average of 8 million applications, petitions, and requests annually. These include more than half a million Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker, including petitions for H-2B workers and other employment-based nonimmigrant workers. We receive many requests from Congress, research institutions, the media, and the public about the H-2B program and how the H-2B visas are allocated by petitioner information or job type. We strive to make as much data about our operations available to the public as possible. We do so to improve understanding of the immigration system and our role in it, as well as to comply with our reporting mandates.
我们每年平均处理 800 万份申请、请愿和请求。其中包括超过 50 万份 I-129 表格（非移民工人请愿书），涉及 H-2B 工人和其他就业类非移民工人的请愿。我们收到来自国会、研究机构、媒体和公众关于 H-2B 项目的诸多询问，包括 H-2B 签证如何根据请愿人信息或工作类型进行分配。我们致力于向公众提供尽可能多的运营数据，旨在增进对移民体系及我们在其中所扮演角色的理解，同时履行我们的法定报告义务。
How We Collect the Data 我们的数据收集方式
Employers or agents petitioning for temporary nonagricultural workers must obtain a single valid temporary labor certification (TLC) from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), or if the workers will be employed on Guam, from the Guam Department of Labor, before filing a Form I-129 with USCIS. The data in the H-2B Employer Data Hub comes from fields on an employer’s Form I-129, from USCIS’ adjudicative decisions, and from the DOL H-2B Application for Temporary Employment Certification (Form ETA-9142B (PDF)). The approval and denial data in the data hub reflects USCIS’s first adjudicative decision. The data does not include later decisions, such as a decision on an appeal or revocation of an approved petition. The data hub does not include petitions that are pending adjudication when USCIS generates the data. Four data elements included in the data hub are from the DOL Temporary Employment Certification, specifically the SOC code, NAICS code, wage level, and worksite state. DOL provides quarterly H-2B TLC Disclosure data on its public website.
申请临时非农业劳工的雇主或代理人必须首先从美国劳工部（DOL）——若工人将在关岛就业则从关岛劳工部——获得有效的临时劳工证明（TLC），然后才能向美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）提交 I-129 表格。H-2B 雇主数据中心的资料来源于雇主 I-129 表格的填写字段、USCIS 的裁决决定以及劳工部 H-2B 临时就业认证申请（ETA-9142B 表格（PDF 格式））。数据中心的批准与拒绝数据反映的是 USCIS 的初次裁决决定，不包括后续裁决结果（如上诉裁决或已批准申请的撤销决定）。该数据中心也不包含 USCIS 生成数据时尚未完成裁决的申请案件。数据中心包含的四项数据元素直接取自劳工部临时就业认证，具体为：职业分类代码（SOC 代码）、北美行业分类系统代码（NAICS 代码）、工资等级和工作所在州。劳工部会按季度在其官网上公布 H-2B 临时劳工证明披露数据。
We merge DOL Form ETA-9142B data with USCIS data by matching on the ETA case number. We did not include the ETA Case Number data in USCIS’ data systems until fiscal year 2018. As such, data from the DOL Form ETA-9142B (SOC code, NAICS code, wage level, and worksite state) are not available in the H-2B Employer Data Hub for FY 2015 through FY 2017.
我们通过 ETA 案件编号将劳工部 ETA-9142B 表格数据与移民局数据进行匹配。在 2018 财年之前，移民局数据系统中并未包含 ETA 案件编号信息。因此，2015 至 2017 财年的 H-2B 雇主数据枢纽中无法提供 ETA-9142B 表格数据（包括职业分类代码、行业分类代码、工资水平和工作地点所在州）。
Data Accuracy 数据准确性
We strive to ensure that the data in our electronic systems are accurate; however, because we transfer data from paper forms into the electronic systems manually, data entry errors may occur. Additionally, information provided on a paper form is reported by the petitioner (or their representative or preparer), so there may be errors on the forms when we receive them. For example, a petitioner may mix up numbers in their tax identification number.
我们致力于确保电子系统中的数据准确无误，但由于需要将纸质表格数据人工录入电子系统，可能会出现数据输入错误。此外，纸质表格上的信息由申请人（或其代表或准备人）提供，因此我们收到的表格本身可能存在错误。例如，申请人可能会混淆其税务识别号码中的数字。
Data entry and petitioner errors may result in a missing and/or erroneous employer name, tax ID, state, city, or ZIP code in our electronic systems.
数据录入和申请人错误可能导致我们电子系统中出现雇主名称、税号、州、城市或邮编缺失和/或错误的情况。
Information on the accuracy and disclosure of DOL temporary labor certification data can be found on the DOL website. We do not have any rights or privileges to DOL data except that which is made available to the public and therefore cannot attest to the quality of the data.
关于劳工部临时劳工认证数据的准确性和披露信息，可在劳工部网站上查阅。我们对劳工部数据不享有任何权利或特权，仅限于向公众公开的部分，因此无法保证数据质量。
How the Data Hub is Organized and Maintained
数据中心的组织与维护方式
We aggregate the counts of initial approval, initial denial, continuing approval, and continuing denial by cap fiscal year, employer tax ID, employer state, city, zip code, cap type, work site state, two-digit NAICS code, two-digit SOC code, wage level, and whether visas were consular processed. For example, one employer with several addresses in a given fiscal year will have multiple rows in the data. We use the most common spelling of employer name per unique tax ID.
我们按财政年度、雇主税号、雇主所在州、城市、邮政编码、配额类型、工作地点州、两位数的北美行业分类系统代码、两位数的标准职业分类代码、工资级别以及是否经过领事处理等维度，汇总初次批准、初次拒绝、持续批准和持续拒绝的数量统计。例如，同一财政年度内拥有多个地址的雇主将在数据中显示为多行记录。对于每个唯一税号，我们采用最常见的雇主名称拼写形式。
We anticipate updating the H-2B Employer Data Hub quarterly and providing downloadable data files. For example, we will provide data for the first quarter (October-December) of a fiscal year in April of the fiscal year. This timeline allows us to receive and process petitions as well as download and merge DOL data for each quarter.
我们计划按季度更新 H-2B 雇主数据中心并提供可下载的数据文件。例如，将在财政年度的四月份提供该财年第一季度（10 月至 12 月）的数据。该时间安排使我们能够接收和处理申请，同时完成每季度劳工部数据的下载与整合工作。
H-2B Employer Data Hub Glossary
H-2B 雇主数据枢纽术语表
| Data Field 数据字段 | Data Field Description 数据字段说明 |
|---|---|
| Employer (Petitioner) Name 雇主（申请人）名称 | Petitioner’s firm/employer name from I-129, Page 1, Part 1, Question 2 of the current form. 当前表格 I-129 第 1 页第 1 部分第 2 题中请愿人公司/雇主名称 |
| ETA Case Number ETA 案件编号 | Employment and Training Administration (ETA) Case Number links petition data with labor certification data from the Department of Labor. 就业与培训管理局(ETA)案件编号将请愿数据与劳工部劳动认证数据相关联 |
| NAICS | North American Industrial Classification System Code: data from the DOL Temporary Labor Certification public disclosure file. Two-digit industry code associated with the employer requesting temporary labor certification, as classified by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). Form ETA-9142B Section C, Item 13 (NAICS_CODE). For more information on the NAICS, visit the U.S. Census Bureau’s North American Industry Classification Code webpage. Blanks or missing data are coded and presented in the data hub as “unknown.” 北美行业分类系统代码：数据来自劳工部临时劳动认证公开披露文件。该两位数字行业代码根据北美行业分类系统(NAICS)标准，与申请临时劳动认证的雇主行业分类相对应。参见 ETA-9142B 表格 C 部分第 13 项(NAICS_CODE)。有关 NAICS 的更多信息，请访问美国人口普查局北美行业分类代码网页。空白或缺失数据在数据中心以"未知"编码显示。 |
| SOC | Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System: data from the DOL Temporary Labor Certification public disclosure file. Two-digit occupational code associated with the job being requested for temporary labor certification, as classified by the SOC System. For more information on the SOC system, visit the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classification webpage. Form ETA-9142B Section B, Item 2 (SOC_CODE). Blanks or missing data are coded and presented in the data hub as “unknown”. 标准职业分类（SOC）系统：数据来源于劳工部临时劳工认证公开披露文件。该两位数的职业代码与根据 SOC 系统分类的临时劳工认证申请职位相关联。有关 SOC 系统的更多信息，请访问美国劳工统计局标准职业分类网页。表格 ETA-9142B B 部分第 2 项（SOC_CODE）。空白或缺失数据在数据中枢中编码并显示为"未知"。 |
| Tax ID 纳税人识别号 | The last four digits of the Petitioner’s Tax ID Number from the Form I-129, Page 1, Part 1, Question 5. 表格 I-129 第 1 页第 1 部分第 5 题中请愿人纳税人识别号的最后四位数字。 |
| State 州 | Petitioner’s state from the Form I-129, Page 1, Part 1, Question 3. This is the state indicated in the mailing address of the employer and is not necessarily the beneficiary work location. I-129 表格第 1 页第 1 部分第 3 题中申请人的所在州。这是雇主邮寄地址中注明的州，不一定是受益人的工作地点。 |
| City 城市 | Petitioner’s city from the Form I-129, Page 1, Part 1, Question 3. This is the city indicated in the mailing address of the employer and is not necessarily the beneficiary work location. I-129 表格第 1 页第 1 部分第 3 题中申请人的所在城市。这是雇主邮寄地址中注明的城市，不一定是受益人的工作地点。 |
| ZIP | Petitioner’s five-digit ZIP code from the Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker, Page 1, Part 1, Question 3. This is the ZIP code indicated in the mailing address of the employer and is not necessarily the beneficiary work location. 《非移民工人申请书》I-129 表格第 1 页第 1 部分第 3 题中申请人的五位邮政编码。这是雇主邮寄地址中注明的邮政编码，不一定是受益人的工作地点。 |
| Worksite State 工作地点所在州 | State information for worksite location. Data from the DOL Temporary Labor Certification public disclosure file. Form ETA-9142B Section F.b Item 4 (WORKSITE_STATE). 工作地点所在州的州信息。数据来自劳工部临时劳工认证公开披露文件。ETA-9142B 表格 F.b 部分第 4 项（WORKSITE_STATE）。 |
| Cap Fiscal Year 财政年度配额 | Indicates the cap fiscal year the beneficiary was counted against. There is a statutory numerical limit, or "cap," on the total number of workers who may be issued an H-2B visa or otherwise granted H-2B status during a fiscal year. Currently, Congress has set the H-2B cap at 66,000 per fiscal year, with 33,000 for workers who begin employment in the first half of the fiscal year (Oct. 1-March 31) and 33,000 for workers who begin employment in the second half of the fiscal year (April 1-Sept. 30). Any unused numbers from the first half of the fiscal year will be available for employers seeking to hire H-2B workers during the second half of the fiscal year. However, unused H-2B numbers from one fiscal year do not carry over into the next. Once the H-2B cap is reached, USCIS may only accept petitions for H-2B workers who are exempt from the H-2B cap. For additional information on the current H-2B cap, and on workers who are exempt from it, see the Cap Count for H-2B Nonimmigrants webpage. |
| Cap Type 配额类型 | Cap type indicates the part of the cap fiscal year that the beneficiary was counted against. “1st Half” cap indicates that the beneficiary was counted against the 33,000 cap for workers who begin employment in the first half of the fiscal year (Oct. 1-March 31). “2nd Half” cap indicates that the beneficiary was counted against the 33,000 cap for workers who begin employment in the second half of the fiscal year (April 1-Sept. 30). Cap exempt includes workers in the United States in H-2B status who extend their stay, change employers, or change the terms and conditions of employment and are not subject to the cap. Similarly, H-2B workers who have previously been counted against the cap in the same fiscal year that the proposed employment begins will not be subject to the cap if the employer names them on the petition and indicates that they have already been counted. Additionally, petitions for the following types of workers are exempt from the H-2B cap: fish roe processors, fish roe technicians, or supervisors of fish roe processing; and workers performing labor or services in the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands or Guam from Nov. 28, 2009, until Dec. 31, 2029. Spouses and children of H-2B workers are also not counted against the cap. Supplemental caps are increases to the numerical limit (cap) on H-2B visas based on time-limited statutory authority granted by Congress. In addition, Congress has, in various fiscal years, provided the Secretary of Homeland Security with discretion, after consultation with the Secretary of Labor, to increase the H-2B cap “upon the determination that the needs of American businesses cannot be satisfied in [the fiscal year] with U.S. workers who are willing, qualified, and able to perform temporary nonagricultural labor.” If a decision is made to authorize additional H-2B visas for the remainder of the fiscal year, DHS and DOL will publish a temporary final rule in the Federal Register identifying the number of additional visas to be made available, any limitations, and the timing of when such an increase will take effect. |
| Hourly Wage Level 时薪水平 | Hourly wages paid to workers subject to the temporary labor certification. Form ETA-9142B Section F.B., Item 8. (BASIC_WAGE_RATE_FROM, BASIC_WAGE_RATE_TO, and PER). Wages are aggregated into $2 increments. 根据临时劳工认证需支付给工人的时薪。ETA-9142B 表格 F.B.部分第 8 项（基础工资起薪、基础工资上限及薪酬单位）。工资数据按 2 美元区间进行汇总统计。 |
| Consular Processed 领事处理 | Beneficiaries outside of the United States may receive their H-2B visa at a U.S. Department of State consulate abroad. This pathway is referred to as consular processing. “Yes” indicates the H-2B visa was consular processed and “No” indicates the H-2B visa beneficiary was processed by USCIS in the United States. 不在美国境内的受益人可在美国国务院海外领事馆获得 H-2B 签证。此途径称为领事处理。"是"表示 H-2B 签证通过领事处理获得，"否"表示 H-2B 签证受益人由美国境内 USCIS 机构处理。 |
| New Employment Approval 新雇佣批准 | Initially approved H-2B petitions with “New employment” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. The beneficiary: 1. Is outside the United States and holds no classification; 2. Will begin employment in the United States for a new employer in a different nonimmigrant classification than the beneficiary currently holds; or 3. Will work for the same employer but in a different nonimmigrant classification. Number represents counts of workers approved. |
| New Employment Denial 新雇佣申请拒签 | Initially denied H-2B petitions with “New employment” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. Number represents counts of workers denied. 最初在 I-129 表格第二部分第 2 题选择"新雇佣"但被拒签的 H-2B 申请。数字代表被拒工人数量。 |
| Continuation Approval 延续雇佣批准 | Approved H-2B petitions with “Continuation of previously approved employment without change with the same employer” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. The beneficiary will continue to work in the same nonimmigrant classification currently held with no change to the employment. Number represents counts of workers approved. 在 I-129 表格第二部分第 2 题选择"与同一雇主延续先前批准的无变更雇佣"并获批准的 H-2B 申请。受益人将继续以当前持有的非移民分类工作，且雇佣条件无变更。数字代表获批工人数量。 |
| Continuation Denial 继续申请拒绝 | Denied H-2B petitions with “Continuation of previously approved employment without change with the same employer” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. The beneficiary will be denied continuing employment in the same nonimmigrant classification currently held with no change to the employment. Number represents counts of workers denied. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"与同一雇主继续先前获批且无变更的雇佣关系"但遭拒的 H-2B 申请。受益人将被拒绝以当前持有的非移民分类继续从事无变更的雇佣工作。该数字代表被拒工人数量。 |
| Change with Same Employer Approval 同一雇主变更获批 | Approved H-2B petitions with “Change in previously approved employment” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. This selection is used to notify USCIS of a non-material change to the previously approved employment, such as a change in job title without a material change in job duties. Number represents counts of workers approved. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"变更先前获批雇佣关系"且获准的 H-2B 申请。此选项用于向 USCIS 报备对先前获批雇佣关系的非实质性变更，例如职位名称变更但工作职责无实质性变化。该数字代表获批工人数量。 |
| Change with Same Employer Denial 同一雇主变更拒批 | Denied H-2B petitions with “Change in previously approved employment” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129 are those who applied and were denied a non-material change to the previously approved employment, such as a change in job title without a material change in job duties. Number represents counts of workers denied. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"先前获批工作的变更"但遭拒的 H-2B 申请，是指那些申请对先前获批工作内容进行非实质性变更（如仅变更职位名称但工作职责未发生实质性变化）但被驳回的案例。数字代表被拒批的工人数量。 |
| New Concurrent Approval 新增并行雇佣 | Approved H-2B petitions with “New concurrent employment” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. The beneficiary will begin new employment with an additional employer in the same nonimmigrant classification the beneficiary currently holds while continuing to work for his or her current employer in the same classification. Number represents counts of workers approved. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"新增并行雇佣"并获批的 H-2B 申请。受益人将在保持现有雇主同类非移民身份工作期间，同时开始为新增雇主从事相同分类的新工作。数字代表获批的工人数量。 |
| New Concurrent Denial 新的同时拒绝 | Denied H-2B petitions with “New concurrent employment” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129 are those denied a petition to begin new employment with an additional employer in the same nonimmigrant classification the beneficiary currently holds. The beneficiary would have continued working for his or her current employer in the same classification. Number represents counts of workers denied. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"新增并行雇佣"但遭拒的 H-2B 申请，是指受益人当前持有的非移民签证类别下，为新增雇主开展新工作未获批准的申请。受益人将继续以相同签证类别为现有雇主工作。该数字表示被拒工人数量。 |
| Change of Employer Approval 雇主变更获批 | Approved H-2B petitions with “Change of employer” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. The beneficiary will begin employment working for a new employer in the same nonimmigrant classification that the beneficiary currently holds. Number represents counts of workers approved. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"雇主变更"并获批准的 H-2B 申请。受益人将在当前持有的相同非移民签证类别下开始为新雇主工作。该数字表示获批工人数量。 |
| Change of Employer Denial 雇主变更拒批 | Denied H-2B petitions with “Change of employer” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129 are those who applied and were denied beginning employment working for a new employer in the same nonimmigrant classification that the beneficiary currently holds. Number represents counts of workers denied. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"更换雇主"但被拒的 H-2B 申请，是指受益人当前持有相同非移民分类下，申请为新雇主工作但遭拒的案件。数字代表被拒工人数量。 |
| Amended Approval 修正后批准 | Approved H-2B petitions with “Amended petition” selected on Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. Number represents counts of workers approved. 在 I-129 表格第二部分问题 2 中勾选"修正申请"并获批准的 H-2B 案件。数字代表获批工人数量。 |
| Amended Denial 修正后拒批 | Denied H-2B petitions with “Amended petition” are denied petitions that were filed by petitioners that selected Part 2, Question 2 of the Form I-129. Number represents counts of workers denied. 被拒绝的 H-2B 申请中标注"修改后申请"的，是指申请人在 I-129 表格第二部分第 2 题中勾选该选项的遭拒申请。该数字代表被拒批的工人数量。 |
For additional reporting on the H-2B visa program, see USCIS Reports and Studies, which includes bi-annual and annual congressional reports from 2005 and later.
有关 H-2B 签证项目的更多报告数据，请参阅美国公民及移民服务局(USCIS)的报告与研究，其中包含 2005 年及之后的半年度和年度国会报告。