Section I Use of English
第一部分 英语的使用

Read the following text．Choose the best word $(s)$$(s)$(s)(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET．（10 points）
阅读以下文字。为每个编号的空白选择最佳单词 $(s)$$(s)$(s)(s) ，并在答题卡上标记 A、B、C 或 D。（10 分）

As many people hit middle age，they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be．We suddenly can＇ t remember $$$$qquad\qquad 1 we put the keys just：a moment ago，or an old acquiaintance＇s name；or the name of an old band we used to bye．As brain＿2．．，we refer to these occurrences as＂senior moments．＂ seemingly innocent，this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n）
随着许多人步入中年，他们经常开始注意到他们的记忆力和思维清晰度已经不像以前那样了。我们突然不记得 $$$$qquad\qquad 了 1 我们只放了钥匙：刚才，或者一个老朋友的名字，或者我们曾经 bye.As brain_2 的老乐队的名字......，我们将这些事件称为“高级时刻”。看似无辜，这种精神集中度的丧失可能会有一个（n）
$$$$qquad\qquad 4 $$$$qquad\qquad impact on our professional，social，and personal
$$$$qquad\qquad 4 对我们的职业、社会和个人 $$$$qquad\qquad 的影响
Neuroscientists，experts who study the nervous system，are increasingly showing that there＇s actually a lot that can be done．It
神经科学家，研究神经系统的专家，越来越多地表明，实际上有很多东西可以 done.It
$$$$qquad\qquad 6 $$$$qquad\qquad out that the brain needs exercise in much the same may our muscles do，and the right mental $$$$qquad\qquad 7. can sjônificantly improve orr basic cógnitive $$$$qquad\qquad .8 ．Thinking $i$$i$ii S essential y a $$$$qquad\qquad 9 of making connections in the brain．lo a ceptain extent，our ablity to $$$$qquad\qquad $10:$$10:$10:10: $$$$qquad\qquad in making the connedtions that drive intelligence is inkerited． $$$$qquad\qquad 11 $$$$qquad\qquad ， because these connections are made through effort and practice， scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate $$$$qquad\qquad 12 $$$$qquad\qquad mental effort．
$$$$qquad\qquad 6 $$$$qquad\qquad 大脑需要锻炼，就像我们的肌肉一样，正确的心理 $$$$qquad\qquad 7.能否 sjônificant 提高 orr 基本认知能力 $$$$qquad\qquad .8 .Thinking $i$$i$ii S essential y a $$$$qquad\qquad 9 of making connections in the brain.lo a ceptain extent，我们在 $$$$qquad\qquad $10:$$10:$10:10: $$$$qquad\qquad 做出驱动智力的认知方面的能力是 inkeriv.11 $$$$qquad\qquad $$$$qquad\qquad ，因为这些联系是通过努力和实践建立的，科学家们相信智力可以扩展和波动 $$$$qquad\qquad 12 $$$$qquad\qquad 脑力劳动。

Now，anew Web－based company has taken itastep $$$$qquad\qquad 13 $$$$qquad\qquad and developed the first＂brain training program＂designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental $$$$qquad\qquad ．
现在，一家新的网络公司采取了第 13 步 $$$$qquad\qquad $$$$qquad\qquad ，开发了第一个“大脑训练计划”，旨在真正帮助人们改善和恢复智力 $$$$qquad\qquad 。
The Web－based program＿＿15＿you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills．The program keeps $$$$qquad\qquad 16 $$$$qquad\qquad of your progress and provides detailed feedback $$$$qquad\qquad 17 $$$$qquad\qquad your performance and improvement． Most importantly，it $$$$qquad\qquad modifies and enhances the games you play to ＿＿19 $$$$qquad\qquad on the strengths you are developing much like $a(n)$$a(n)$a(n)a(n) ．
基于网络的 program__15_you 系统地提高您的记忆力和注意力技能。该程序会 $$$$qquad\qquad 保留您的 16 $$$$qquad\qquad 个进度，并提供详细的反馈 $$$$qquad\qquad 17 $$$$qquad\qquad 您的表现和改进。最重要的是，它 $$$$qquad\qquad 会根据您正在发展的优势 $$$$qquad\qquad 修改和增强您玩的游戏 $a(n)$$a(n)$a(n)a(n) __19 。
$$$$qquad\qquad 20 $$$$qquad\qquad exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use．
$$$$qquad\qquad 20 $$$$qquad\qquad 锻炼程序要求您增加阻力并改变肌肉使用。

1．［A］where［B］when［C］that［D］why
1.[A]在哪里[B]什么时候[C]那个[D]为什么
2．［A］improves［B］fades，［C］recovers
2.[A]改善[B]褪色，[C]恢复
［D］collapses  [D]折叠
3．［A］If［B］Unless［C］Once［D］While
3.[A]If[B]除非[C]Once[D]While
4．［A］uneven［B］limited［C］damaging［D］obscure
4.[A]不均匀[B]有限[C]破坏性[D]模糊
5．［A］wellbeing［B］environment［C］relationship［D］outlook
5.[A]幸福感[B]环境[C]关系[D]展望
6．$[\mathrm{A}]$$[\mathrm{A}]$[A][\mathrm{A}] turns $[\mathrm{B}]$$[\mathrm{B}]$[B][\mathrm{B}] finds $[\mathrm{C}]$$[\mathrm{C}]$[C][\mathrm{C}] points $[\mathrm{D}]$$[\mathrm{D}]$[D][\mathrm{D}] figures
6. $[\mathrm{A}]$$[\mathrm{A}]$[A][\mathrm{A}] 转弯 $[\mathrm{B}]$$[\mathrm{B}]$[B][\mathrm{B}] 找到 $[\mathrm{C}]$$[\mathrm{C}]$[C][\mathrm{C}] 点 $[\mathrm{D}]$$[\mathrm{D}]$[D][\mathrm{D}] 数字
7．［A］roundabouts［B］responses［C］workouts［D］associations
7.[A]环形交叉路口[B]响应[C]锻炼[D]协会
8．［A］genre［B］functions［C］circumstances［D］criterion
8.[A]流派[B]功能[C]环境[D]标准
9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process
9. [A]通道 [B]条件 [C] 序列 [D] 过程
10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature
10. [A]坚持 [B]相信 [C]excel [D]功能
11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However
11. [一个]因此，[B] 此外，[C] 否则 [D] 然而
12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of
12. [A]根据[B]不考虑[C]除了[D]而不是
13. [A]back [B] further [C]aside [D]around
13. [A]返回 [B] 进一步 [C]侧面 [D]周围
14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility
14. [A]锐度 [B]稳定性 [C]框架 [D]灵活性
15. [A] forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows
15. [A] 强制 [B]提醒 [C] 匆忙 [D]允许
16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace
16. [A]按住 [B]跟踪 [C]顺序 [D]配速
17. [A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on
17. [A] 至 [B]与 [C]表示 [D]on
18. . [A] irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually
18. .[A] 不规则 [B]习惯性 [C]经常 [D]不寻常
19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take
19. [A]携带 [B]放 [C]构建 [D]采取
20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar
20. [A]有风险 [B]有效 [C]闲置 [D]熟悉

Section II Reading Comprehension
第二部分 阅读理解
Part A  A 部分
Directions:  方向：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answerson the ANSWER SHEET. ( 40 points)
阅读以下四篇文章。通过选择 A、B、C 或 D 来回答每篇文本下面的问题。在答题纸上标记您的答案。（40 分）

In order to “change lives for the better”
为了“让生活变得更好”
ASPERS George 0sborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?
财政大臣 ASPERS George 0sborne 介绍了“前期工作搜索”计划。只有当失业者带着简历到达就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作时，他们才有资格获得福利，然后他们应该每周报告一次，而不是每两周报告一次。还有什么比这更合理的呢？

More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the fobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work not looking to sign on he claimed. “We’ re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefiss get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concemed chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too lidde effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
更明显的合理性随之而来。现在将等待 7 天才能获得 fobseeker 津贴。“他声称，最初的几天应该花在找工作上，而不是想签约。我们做这些事情是因为我们知道它们可以帮助人们远离福利，并帮助那些领取福利的人更快地进入工作岗位。帮助？真？第一次听到，这位是社会认可的财政大臣，试图让生活变得更好，对一个明显放纵的制度进行“改革”，要求新失业者付出太多努力才能找到工作，并补贴懒惰。我们理解，激励他的是他对“基本公平”的热情——保护纳税人、控制支出并确保只有最值得的索赔人才能获得福利。

Losing a job is hurting: you don’ $t$$t$tt skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily
失业是痛苦的：你不会 $t$$t$tt 带着心中的一首歌跳到就业中心，为从慷慨的国家中获得双倍收入的前景而感到高兴。这在经济上是可怕的，在心理上是尴尬的，而且你知道支持是微乎其微的，而且非常难以获得。你现在不受欢迎了;您的支持很少，而且非常
hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.
很难得到。你现在不受欢迎了;您现在被排除在为您的生活提供目标和结构的工作环境之外。更糟糕的是，养活自己和家人以及支付账单的关键收入已经消失。问任何新失业的人他们想要什么，答案总是：一份工作。

But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It’is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the yery phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” - invented in 1996 - jobbout redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allomace. conditional on actively seeking a job; no entit dement and no insurance. at £71 week, one of the least generous in the EU.
但在奥斯本兰，你的第一反应是陷入依赖——如果你能得到的话，就会成为永久的依赖——得到一个随时准备放纵你的谎言的国家的支持。就好像 20 年来对求职和福利管理系统进行越来越严格的改革从未发生过。英国福利的原则不再是你可以为自己投保失业风险，并在灾难发生时获得无条件的补助金。甚至 1996 年发明的“求职者津贴”这个令人厌恶的短语也将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，他们没有强制性权利获得通过缴纳国民保险费而获得的福利。相反，索赔人收到了有时间限制的“allomace”。以积极找工作为条件;没有 entit dement，也没有保险。每周 71 英镑，是欧盟最不慷慨的国家之一。
21. George Osborne’s scheme was intende
21. 乔治·奥斯本的计划是有意的
[A] provide the unemployed with acces
[A] 为失业者提供便利
efits.  埃菲茨。
[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeki
[B]鼓励求职者积极参与求职活动
[C]motivate the unemployed to report veluntarily.
[C]激励失业者轻率地报告。
[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to behefits.
[D] 保障求职者的合法权利。
22. The phrase,  22. 短语，
"to sign  “签字
(Line 3, Pa  （3号线，宾夕法尼亚州
most probably means  很可能意味着
[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
[A] 检查就业中心是否有工作机会。
[B] to accept the goyerment’ s restrictions on the allowance.
[B] 接受 goyerment 对津贴的限制。
[C] to registex tor an allorance from the government.
[C] 登记政府的授权。
[D] to. attend a governnentai-job-training program.
[D] 到。参加政府工作培训计划。
What prometed the chancellor to develop his scheme?
是什么促使财政大臣制定他的计划？
and desire to secure 2 better ife-for all.
并希望确保 2 个更好的 ife-for all。
BJAn eageniess to proteet the unemployed.
BJ 善于保护失业者。
[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.
[C] 对索赔人慷慨解囊的冲动。
[D] passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
[D] 确保纳税人公平的热情。
24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel [A]uneasy
24. 根据第 3 段，失业使人感到不安
[B] enraged.  [B] 被激怒了。
[C] insulted.  [C] 被侮辱。
[D] guilty.  [D] 有罪。
25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree? [A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
25. 提交人最有可能同意以下哪一项？[一个]英国的福利制度纵容了求职者的懒惰。
[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
[乙]奥斯本的改革将降低失业风险。
[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
[三]求职人士津贴已满足其实际需要。
[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.
[D]失业救济金不应成为有条件的。